European Trends Research Articles

European trends in the development of physical education and sports and their impact on the inhabitants of Bukovina (second half of the nineteenth - early twentieth century.)

Highlighted and analyzed European trends in physical education and sports and their impact on the inhabitants of Bukovina. It is considered and proved that the theoretical and practical achievements of scientists and specialists-practitioners of Western European countries, the presence of separate gymnastic systems influenced the development of physical education and sports throughout Europe and, accordingly, in Bukovina. The intensification of activities in the direction of organizing physical culture and health activities and competitions and the development of organizational forms of modern sports life - sports clubs, sections and sports associations (federations, associations, unions) as another trend that influenced the development of physical education of children and youth. Bukovina of the early twentieth century. It is proved that the presence of theoretical and methodological principles of physical education, the formation of national gymnastic systems, including school, their spread in different European countries; restoration and genesis of the Olympic movement, the formation of sport as a social phenomenon and the development of organizational forms of modern sports life - federations, associations, unions; the emergence of professional sports publications are distinguished by European trends that influenced the development of physical education of the population of the region.

Innovations in higher education in Ukraine (2011-2021): trend analysis

Innovation - an important aspect of the functioning of the modern education system. The article analyzes innovative trends in higher education in Ukraine over the past 10 years. Ukrainian innovations in higher education are considered in the context of European and world trends and standards. The analysis and generalization of materials on the subject revealed five educational trends: convergence of academic training in professional practice, application of competence approach in assessing learning outcomes, growth of students' independent work, increase of creative component in learning, readiness to function in conditions of uncertainty. Each trend is analyzed according to the scheme: necessity of innovations, content of trends, specific variants of trend implementation. In recent years, higher education institutions have been increasingly stimulating both students and teachers to innovate.

Cleaner air reveals growing influence of climate on dissolved organic carbon trends in northern headwaters

Surface water browning, the result of increasing concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM), has been widespread in northern ecosystems in recent decades. Here, we assess a database of 426 undisturbed headwater lakes and streams in Europe and North America for evidence of trends in DOM between 1990 and 2016. We describe contrasting changes in DOM trends in Europe (decelerating) and North America (accelerating), which are consistent with organic matter solubility responses to declines in sulfate deposition. While earlier trends (1990–2004) were almost entirely related to changes in atmospheric chemistry, climatic and chemical drivers were equally important in explaining recent DOM trends (2002–2016). We estimate that riverine DOM export from northern ecosystems increased by 27% during the study period. Increased summer precipitation strengthened upward dissolved organic carbon trends while warming apparently damped browning. Our results suggest strong but changing influences of air quality and climate on the terrestrial carbon cycle, and on the magnitude of carbon export from land to water.

Организация инклюзивного обучения в высшем профессиональном образовании для студентов с особыми образовательными потребностями в скандинавских странах и РФ: сопоставительный анализ

The paper aims to reveal similarities and differences in organization of inclusive higher education in the Scandinavian countries and in the Russian Federation. The article analyzes interpretation of the term “competence” in the western pedagogics, identifies professional and vital (personal and social) competences, describes experience of the Scandinavian countries in organizing group-based training focused on forming special needs students’ social and interpersonal competence; examines approaches to inclusive education in the Scandinavian countries and in the Russian Federation. The authors describe current European trends in higher education, reveal specificity of special needs students’ training in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and herein lies scientific originality of the study. The research findings are as follows: the authors justify efficiency of group-based training focused on forming special needs students’ social, interpersonal, intercultural competence; analyze implementation of special education trajectories in the Scandinavian countries.

Land Use Sustainability Monitoring: “Trees Outside Forests” in Temperate FAO-Ecozones (Oceanic, Continental, and Mediterranean) in Europe (2000–2015)

The global distribution of forest trees is essential for monitoring land-use sustainability. For this reason, FAO developed the Global Forest Survey (GFS), a systematic regional level survey with a homogeneous sampling design. Preliminary results revealed an interest in analyzing “Trees Outside Forests” (TOFs). We analyzed more than 11,150 sample GFS plots in temperate FAO-ecozones in Europe through a photo-interpretation approach using FAO’s Collect Earth platform. Our results showed that forest land was the most predominant use of land (41%) in temperate FAO-ecozones in Europe in 2015. Forest IPCC land use followed a moderate upward trend from 2000 to 2015 (0.2%). Trees Outside Forests in temperate FAO-ecozones in Europe accounted for 22% of the inventoried area. Trees Outside Forests represent 30% and 48% of cropland and grassland IPCC land uses, respectively, as well as 75% in settlement uses. Comparing our results with previous studies on the Mediterranean, temperate FAO-ecozone TOFs showed a downward trend in Europe and an upward trend in the Mediterranean area, despite its smaller surface area. The greening of the Common Agricultural Policy may increase the extension of TOFs, although our results may indicate that this effect is not yet evident in the field.

Demographic, clinical and morphological profile of malignant cutaneous melanoma in a Northeastern region of Bulgaria

Introduction Melanoma is a malignant tumor with an unfavorable prognosis and an increasing incidence worldwide, with the most significant and the most common type being cutaneous melanoma. The epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous melanoma in Bulgaria are presented with low morbidity, moderate growth rate, and relatively low mortality, but with a rapid rate of increase in both sexes. Aim The aim of this study was to establish the clinical and morphological features of cutaneous melanoma in the Dobrich district and compare them to the European trends. Materials and Methods A retrospective non-clinical approach was used in the selection of patients. The study included patients with histologically proven skin melanoma in the period 2016–2019. Data on patient sex, age at diagnosis, tumor location, and clinical stage of the disease were collected according to Clark and Breslow criteria. Results The collected data show that the cutaneous melanoma in Dobrich district has a profile different from the average European one—all age groups are affected, except for 11- to 20-year-olds, and most cases occur in the age group of 61- to 70-year-olds, with an average age of diagnosis 59.82 years. In regard to sex distribution, men are more common, and the most common localization is the lower limbs. Morphological features show an advanced nature of the disease with a diagnosis in the late clinical stages. Conclusion Our data show that the gender distribution of cases corresponds to the European average, but the age and clinical stage of the disease are significantly more advanced, indicating a delayed diagnosis and emphasizing the need to develop a campaign for the prevention and early diagnosis.

Jews and the child murder libel in the medieval Iberian Peninsula: European trends and Iberian peculiarities

ABSTRACT This article examines the history of the child murder libel – the claim that Jews abducted and murdered Christian children for religious or magical purposes – in the Iberian Peninsula before the expulsion of the Jews from the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon in 1492. After analysing the documentary evidence and the number of alleged cases from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries, this article seeks to answer the following questions: Are the medieval Iberian child murder libel narratives just bland retellings of narratives found elsewhere in Europe, as has been argued, or did they develop peculiarities that set them apart?

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE: CONSEQUENCES OF THE PANDEMIC AND PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to the analysis of the functioning of the construction industry in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to analyze and assess the current state of the construction industry of Ukraine, the financing of state housing programs and compare on this basis the domestic construction sector with European trends in real estate. The study found that the biggest decline in 2020 was in the housing construction sector, while the volume of construction of non-residential buildings has not changed, and the construction of engineering structures is even ahead of the pace of 2019. It is established that in 2020 the trend of reducing funding for public housing programs, including the program «Mortgage Available 7%», launched in March 2021. It was established that in most EU countries the mortgage rate does not exceed 3%, which is much lower than the preferential 7% in Ukraine. It was found that industry expects rising prices for construction products, coinciding with the European trend housing prices. Thus, the pandemic 2020 posed several challenges to the construction industry, but also opened new prospects for further development of the industry: new materials, 3D printing, information modeling technology, decarbonization, energy efficiency. And Ukraine has every chance not to stay away from the latest trends in the construction industry. Domestic construction companies do not stay away from the latest technological trends in real estate. Thus, changes to the Procedure for developing project documentation for the construction of facilities that allow the use of VIM technology have come into force. This opens extremely wide opportunities for designers. In Ukraine, there are projects where the principle of mixed-use development is implemented – a combination of residential, commercial, and industrial sectors in one space, energy-efficient technologies are increasingly used, and some new buildings are certified according to BREEAM, LEED and ActiveHouse standards, combining environmental friendliness, energy saving and comfort. Keywords: construction industry, housing construction, financing of state housing programs, mortgage lending, level of dwelling prices.

ESG체제에 따른 유럽연합의 대응과 동향 -기후위기 대응과 지속가능한 사회로의 전환을 중심으로-

‘호주에서 발생한 대형 산불로 코알라의 30%가 사망하였습니다.’, ‘50도를 웃도는 살인적인 폭염으로 양식장 조개들이 대량 폐사하였습니다.’, ‘기록적인 폭우가 쏟아져 이재민이 발생하고 침수 피해가 속출하고 있습니다.’ 등의 언론 보도는 이제는 어렵지 않게 접할 수 있는 슬픈 일상이 되었다. 그저 환경보호 포스터로, 학교의 사생대회 주제로 북극의 빙하가 녹아 북극곰이 살 공간이 없어졌다는 이야기가 실제로 피부에 와 닿고 있는 것이다. 자연재해가 천재지변으로 여겨지던 시절과 달리 우리가 접하는 슬픈 일상의 대부분은 산업과 자본주의에 기인한 인재로 받아들여지고 있다. 기후변화로 발생하는 일련의 자연재해는 이제 ‘불운’이 아닌 ‘인재’라는 점을 사람들이 인식하고 있는 것이다. 더 이상 부정할 수 없는 현실 속에서 전 세계가 기후위기 대응을 위해 움직이고 있으며, 기후 변화에 악영향을 미치는 국가를 기후 악당 국가, 기업을 기후 악당 기업으로 낙인찍으며 변화를 도모하고 있는 중이다. 최근 이러한 변화의 중심을 장식하고 있는 것이 ESG다. 그 자세한 내용의 이해 여부를 떠나 사람들은 ESG라는 단어에 수없이 노출되고 있으며, 기업은 갑자기 떨어진 ESG라는 우박을 피하려 여러 종류의 장비들을 펼치고 있다. ‘자본주의의 대전환’이라고 불리는 ESG가 과연 무엇이기에 기업이 이렇게 긴장하고 전 세계가 들썩이고 있는 것일까? ESG란 환경, 사회와 지배구조를 뜻하는 각 단어의 영문 첫머리를 딴 약어로 기업의 非재무적 성과를 평가하는 지표를 말한다. 유럽연합은 이 ESG를 법제화하여 기업의 고삐를 쥐려고 하고 있으며, 이를 통해 기후위기 대응의 선도적 위치를 점하려고 하고 있다. 즉, ESG를 제도화 및 체제화하여 탈탄소사회로의 가치 사슬을 재편하고 기후위기를 주도적으로 대응하려고 하는 것이다. 이에 따라 본 논문은 유럽연합의 ESG체제를 분석하고 기후위기 대응을 위한 우리나라의 ESG체제의 안착방안을 제시하고자 한다.

European trends in cervical cancer mortality in relation to national screening programs, 1985–2014

BackgroundCervical cancer is the fourth leading oncological cause of death in women. Variable trends in cervical cancer mortality have been observed across Europe, despite the widespread adoption of screening programs. This variability has previously been attributed to heterogeneity in the quality of screening programs. MethodsAge-standardized cervical cancer death rates for European countries between 1985 and 2014 were analyzed using Joinpoint regression. Countries were dichotomized based on year of implementation and population invitational coverage of national population-based cervical cancer screening programs. National cervical cancer mortality trends during the study period were compared based on this classification. ResultsDecreasing trends in mortality were observed in all European countries with the specific exceptions of Bulgaria, Greece and Latvia. The highest rates of cervical cancer mortality throughout the study period were in Romania (16.0-14.9/100,000) and the lowest rates in Italy (1.4-1.2/100,000). The greatest percentage decline in mortality was observed in the United Kingdom and the greatest absolute reduction in mortality was seen in Hungary. European countries which implemented a national population-based cervical cancer screening program prior to 2009 demonstrated greater improvements in cervical cancer mortality outcomes compared to those that did not (p = 0.016). ConclusionCervical cancer mortality is improving in most European countries; however, substantial variation remains. Trends in mortality were associated with the time of implementation of national population-based cervical screening programs.

Влияние конструктивизма на дизайн башкирских национальных печатных изданий 20-х – начала 30-х гг. ХХ в.

Introduction. The article discusses the features of Bashkiria’s printed matter as of the 1920s–1930s through the lens of typographics and artistic design. Goals. The work analyzes design patterns, features of font compositions, and identifies the influence of Constructivism on the shaping of their stylistic essentials through specific examples of book covers, magazines, and posters published in the 1920s–1930s in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The authors show how the synthesis of European trends and national traditions of Arabic writing determined the originality of the then Bashkortostan’s graphic designs. Results. The article shows how the ornamental character of Arabic script was transformed into dynamic compositions of covers and title pages characteristic of Constructivism. Conclusions. Nowadays, the public are again trying to outline ways to develop the national book art. Therefore, the experience and traditions from the printing art of early 20th-century Arabic and Cyrillic editions are again in demand. Nobody doubts the significance and greatness of the national cultural heritage, the need to develop it, the need to understand what happened through the prism of national consciousness. The appeals to artistic and aesthetic ideas, creative experiments of the Russian hinterland, traditions that existed in other republics and peoples at the beginning of the 20th century do enrich the history of domestic graphic design. All these together serve sources of inspiration for contemporary art experts, book artists and design practitioners.

Nuclear Energy Perception and Ecological Attitudes

This paper focuses on the analysis of trends in the development of nuclear energy in selected European and non-European countries in the context of the pace of renewable energy development in the world. The perception of Poles related to their openness to various energy sources against the background of European trends was also examined, as well as their ecological approach to the quality of the environment in this context. The survey was carried out using the Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) technique. The total number of correctly completed forms was 923. To identify the ecological attitude, purchasing attitude, and the perception of nuclear energy, the research tool contained a number of statements on the issues studied, and the respondents assessed compliance with their opinion using a seven-point bipolar scale. The semantic differential was also used to gather opinions on the characteristics of nuclear energy. This paper shows that global trends are promoting the development of unstable renewable energy sources and the reduction of the share of nuclear power plants as an energy source. It has also been shown that the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries are more skeptical about nuclear power than countries that do not belong to the OECD (for example, China and Africa).

The Importance of Maritime Transport for Economic Growth in the European Union: A Panel Data Analysis

Maritime transport is one of the main activities of the blue economy, which plays an important role in the EU. In this paper, we aim to assess the impact of maritime transport, related investment, and air pollution on economic growth within 20 countries of the European Union, using eight panel data regression models from 2007 to 2018. Our results confirm that maritime transport, air pollutants (NOx and SO2) from maritime transport, and investment in maritime port infrastructure are indeed positively correlated with economic growth. In other words, an increase of 10% in these factors has generated an associated increase in economic growth rate of around 1.6%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 0.7% respectively. Alongside the intensity of economic maritime activities, pollution is positively correlated with economic growth, and thus it is recommended that policymakers and other involved stakeholders act to diminish environmental impacts in this sector using green investment in port infrastructure and ecological ships, in accordance with the current European trends and concerns.

Implications of COVID-19 lockdowns on surface passenger mobility and related CO2 emission changes in Europe

The coronavirus pandemic has severely affected our daily lives, with direct consequences on passenger transport. This in turn has strongly impacted the energy demand of the transport sector and associated CO2 emissions. We analyse near real-time passenger mobility and related emission trends in Europe between 21 January and 21 September 2020. We compiled a dataset of country-, sector- and lockdown- specific values, representing daily activity changes in private, public, and active passenger transport. In the aggregate, surface passenger transport emissions fell by 11.2% corresponding to 40.3 MtCO2 in Europe. This decline was predominantly due to the reduction of private passenger transport in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK). During the first lockdown in April 2020, CO2 emissions from surface passenger transport declined by 50% in Europe, resulting in a 7.1% reduction in total CO2 emissions. After April 2020, private passenger travel recovered rapidly, while public passenger flows remained low. Solely prompted by the private sector, a rebound in total emissions and surface passenger transport emissions of 1.5% and 10.7%, respectively, was estimated at the end of the study period. The resulting situation of increased private and decreased public passenger transport is in contradiction to major climate goals, and without reversing these trends, emission reductions, as stated in the European Green Deal are unlikely to be achieved. Our study provides an analysis based on a detailed and timely set of data of surface passenger transport and points to options to grasp the momentum for innovative changes in passenger mobility.

Rules of jurisdiction in the new Hungarian private international law

AbstractOn 1 January 2018, a new act entered into force in Hungary. This act is the new code of private international law in Hungary. The basic purpose of this article is to present the jurisdictional rules of the new law. In the description I discuss how the new act differs from the rules of the old code. In addition, I focus on international and European trends in private international law. I also examine the extent to which the new Hungarian code complies with these trends, as well as discussing the peculiarities of the Hungarian regulation. The new Code uses the concept of jurisdiction as a rule for the ‘international distribution’ of cases and in the sense of public international law. Therefore, I also address in this article the definition of jurisdiction and other conceptual issues, the doctrines of immunity and the description of the jurisdictional system of the Code. I present the relationship between international, European and Hungarian rules which are relevant in private international law. In addition, I provide an overview of the novel system of jurisdictional rules in the Code.

Modelling population dynamics and trends in migratory birds from non-standardized multi-species ringing data: the potential of multi-model selection

ABSTRACT Capsule Long-term and non-standardized migratory bird ringing data can be used in models controlling variation in bird ringing methodology for reliable population trend estimations. Aims Bird ringing data usually cover long periods and might reflect long-term population changes. However, they are mainly derived during non-standardized multi-species catching at numerous sites during the autumn migration period. We searched for the best modelling approach to determine reliable species population dynamics and trend estimation models based on annual multi-species bird ringing data. Methods We used ringing data from the Slovenian Bird Ringing Scheme and selected data in three steps according to temporal, quantitative, and qualitative data selection. Annual indices were constructed based on two types of denominators, ringing days, and ringing totals, vs. a robust model without a denominator. We ran 20 candidate-generalized additive models describing migrating population dynamics for 15 bird species by combining different data selection approaches and denominators. Results We found that the models were species-specific, although the universal model could also be applied to most species. We propose a general model construction approach for population trend assessments from non-standardized bird ringing data. The estimates obtained by this approach were comparable to the overall European population trends derived from breeding survey data. Conclusions Bird ringing data from the autumn migration period are a valuable resource for assessing continental scale population trends taking into account the whole population (non-breeders and juveniles included) and even some rare and endangered species, but should be conducted according to standard protocols to ensure reliable statistical inference of population trends.

Trends in tourism development in the world and EU countries

The paper is devoted to the analysis of world trends in tourism development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Climate change, declining drinking water levels, and high concentrations of greenhouse gases are forcing people and businesses to think about using new methods to reduce their impact on the environment. The circular economy must become a lifeline and change the behavior of the world's population. The COVID-19 pandemic has almost completely stopped all life on earth. At one point, air traffic stopped, sea and river cruises, entire cities and countries were closed for quarantine. The pandemic made all residents think and rethink everyday life, attitude to travel and nature. Tourism even now remains one of the sectors most affected by the coronavirus pandemic, and the outlook remains rather uncertain. Life will not be the same as it used to be. The pandemic has significantly affected every sector of the tourism industry: airlines, transport, cruise lines, hotels, restaurants, attractions (such as national parks, protected areas and cultural heritage sites), travel agencies, tour operators. Small and medium-sized enterprises, which make up a large informal tourism sector, make up about 80 per cent of the tourism sector, and many of them may not survive the crisis without significant support. In the future, not only the format of travel will change, but also our attitude to them: vacation planning will have to be approached more consciously and take into account many factors. Tourism was one of the first sectors to be deeply impacted by the pandemic, as measures introduced to contain the virus led to a near-complete cessation of tourism activities around the world. The sector also risks being among one of the last to recover, with the ongoing travel restrictions and the global recession. This has consequences beyond the tourism economy, with the many other sectors that support, and are supported by, tourism also significantly impacted. Therefore, the paper considers the trends of tourism development in the world, as well as the application of the principles of the circular economy in this area. various macro-environmental factors force the tourism industry and tourists to change their preferences and tastes. Global and European trends include safety and hygiene when traveling, the growth of contactless payments, the spread of local tourism, healthy and organic food, the use of virtual reality, robots, chatbots and process automation. In addition, ecological, rural and transformational tourism is gaining popularity among tourist destinations.

Venture capital healthcare investments and health care sector growth: A panel data analysis of Europe

We examine the effect of venture capital investments on health sector growth, using a macro sample data from EVCA (now Invest Europe), World Bank, OECD and Eurostat databases covering 23 EU/EEA countries between 2000 and 2019. We follow the system GLS fixed effect and random effect approach, posit and find evidence that VC healthcare investments and age of VC industry increase healthcare sector growth in Europe. Life expectancy (one of the proxy variables for health sector growth) shows increasing trends in Europe. We also find that innovation, financial sector development, macroeconomic variables and healthcare infrastructure significantly increase health sector growth. We conjecture that VC investors may enjoy returns on investments which decipher into social returns to health sector outcomes. Our study makes justification for private-public partnership to support health sector growth. We recommend more funding support and inducement policy models tailor-made to reap benefits from overall health sector growth.

Contrasting northern and southern European winter climate trends during the Last Interglacial

Abstract The Last Interglacial (LIG; 130–115 ka) is an important test bed for climate science as an instance of significantly warmer than preindustrial global temperatures. However, LIG climate patterns remain poorly resolved, especially for winter, affected by a suite of strong feedbacks such as changes in sea-ice cover in the high latitudes. We present a synthesis of winter temperature and precipitation proxy data from the Atlantic seaboard of Europe, spanning from southern Iberia to the Arctic. Our data reveal distinct, opposite latitudinal climate trends, including warming winters seen in the European Arctic while cooling and drying occurred in southwest Europe over the LIG. Climate model simulations for 130 and 120 ka suggest these contrasting climate patterns were affected by a shift toward an atmospheric circulation regime with an enhanced meridional pressure gradient and strengthened midlatitude westerlies, leading to a strong reduction in precipitation across southern Europe.

Application of geoinformation technologies for organizing passenger traffic at airports in conditions of quarantine zoning

The subject of research is the development of a method for constructing WEB-services based on cartographic models of airports for organizing passenger flows in conditions of quarantine zoning. The object of the research is the process of managing passenger flows at airports. The objective of the work is to improve the organization of passenger traffic at airports under quarantine conditions with the use of WEB-services based on cartographic models of airport buildings. Conclusions. Using the analysis results of the world's airports activities over the past five years, a steady trend has been revealed towards an increase of the number of flights, and, consequently, growth of the passenger traffic at airports. Also forecasts of air traffic development trends in Europe in the next five years are analyzed, which indicate the direction towards the growth of air traffic. An analysis of the quarantine restrictions impact in connection with the spread of COVID-19 was carried out, which showed that, despite a significant decrease in passenger traffic at airports in the world due to quarantine restrictions, there will be a significant increase in passenger traffic after quarantine relief. Based on the above, it was concluded that it is urgent to improve the organization of passenger traffic at airports under quarantine conditions through the use of WEB-services based on cartographic models of airport buildings. At the same time, the feasibility of using GIS technologies at airports analysis was made, as well as a review of modern information technologies that are currently used to organize the operation of airports in conditions of quarantine zoning. A method for constructing routes for organizing passenger flows at airports in conditions of quarantine zoning has been developed. The methodology envisages for the creation of airports passenger traffic maps using the most modern cartographic software products ArcGIS and ArcGIS Online, it contains recommendations for using a billing Wi-Fi network to track the movement of passengers in airport buildings, and, finally, envisages for the creation of WEB services for cartographic models of airports terminals. Developed with the use of proposed methodology, WEB-services for organizing passenger flows at airports in conditions of quarantine zoning, are convenient and ergonomic in terms of usage by workers of airports and airlines. Moreover, passengers can also quickly receive partial information sufficient to organize their movement in the airport terminal in accordance with quarantine restrictions.