Development Of European Policy Research Articles

Museums in Action: How Museums are redefining their Role in European Projects

An innovative and detailed analysis of the role of museums in European Union-funded projects is presented in this article, based on a thorough search of the European CORDIS database. The study explores how museums have transformed from being passive custodians of cultural heritage to becoming dynamic and multifunctional actors in European research and innovation. Through a systematic analysis of European projects funded in the 2007-2022 period, the article highlights the growing participation of museums in various EU programs, the varied roles they assume-from beneficiary partners to associate collaborators-and their impact in key areas such as education, research, digitization and technological innovation. This research provides both quantitative and qualitative insights into museums' involvement in shaping European cultural identity and policy development. The paper is of particular interest to policy makers, museum professionals and cultural heritage researchers, offering a unique perspective on the evolving role of museums in the European context and future opportunities for collaboration and funding.

Human resources development: Evaluating perceptions against policy

The objective of sustaining smart, sustainable and cohesive inclusive growth, framed by the European strategy, is in line with the global commitments of the Sustainable Development Goals. Thus, an analysis of people’s attitudes towards social policy and perceptions of professional development in Poland against European development policy is crucial. The nationwide representative sample included 1000 respondents aged 18–64. The study used principal component analysis (PCA), an approach for the multi-response optimisation. The results indicate that respondents’ evaluations are in line with the direction of EU labour policy, where their decisions correspond to the planned priorities oriented towards inclusion and cohesion. The PCA analysis showed that employee competencies and priorities for individual standing can be considered strongly correlated. Competencies were also found to be important for the platform to support systemic development. However, the items included in the analysis that are beyond the scope of the ESF+ , although even correlated, are of lesser importance. The research results allow to expand knowledge on the perception of the development policy facets promoted by the EU, supplemented by themes of leadership or immigrants. The study may become a starting point for inclusive and cohesive working climate research.

Preface

13th EASN International Conference The 13th EASN International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space for Opening New Horizons was successfully held in University of Salerno, Italy, from September 4th to 8th, 2023. The EASN Association and the University of Salerno would like to cordially thank all the participants of the 13th EASN International Conference. Many thanks are also due to the Keynote Speakers, Session Chairs, Authors and Presenters, the International Scientific Committee, and the local Organizing Committee for making this Conference a big success.The event included 8 Keynote Speeches, more than 380 technical presentations and feedback slots distributed in 65 sessions and workshops.Moreover, 65 Aviation & Space Projects disseminated their latest research results as well as the future trends in the respective technological fields. In total, 410 participants from 39 countries attended the 13th EASN International Conference.Like its predecessors, the conference proved to be a major European dissemination event for research in Aviation & Space, providing a forum for EU funded project activities, where innovative ideas, breakthrough concepts, and disruptive technologies are presented and discussed, also with the aim to establish new research partnerships and possible synergies. In addition, a number of European policy development projects found the floor to present future strategic priorities.List of International Scientific Committee is available in this pdf.

THE COLLECTIVE INTEREST OF WORKERS IN EUROPEAN UNION LAW

The notion of the ‘collective interest of workers’, i.e. the interest of a group of workers, cannot be found in European Union labour law. Although collective representation and collective bargaining are important pillars of the European social model, this absence of the notion can be explained by the (ultra)liberal market philosophy of the European project, which favours an individualistic approach to labour relations and an irenic conception of collective labour relations. Nevertheless, the notion of ‘collective interest’ can be found in other contexts, referring to the interests of the members of an entity or the users of a service. This idea infuses the EU collective labour law. Actors defending the interests of a group of workers are recognised as legitimate actors, albeit partial and fluctuating. It appears that, without being named, the collective interest of workers was first established in the functioning of the ECSC and the EEC, which became the EC and then the EU. The role of trade unions was institutionalised: they were involved in the development of European social policy. It was only at a later stage that Community law, and then EU law, took up the interests of workers as a group within the company, in the context of the harmonisation of legislations on the prerogatives of their representatives.

Legal regulation of researchers’ labor in Ukraine and the European Union regarding the development of research infrastructures

Problem setting. The world recognizes the impact of science and innovation on the socio-economic and political development of the state and society, and therefore pays attention to researchers as subjects of scientific and scientific and technical activities. Despite numerous international documents adopted in the field of science, the development of European research policies and programs in the European Union, the issue of regulating the labor relations of scientists with research infrastructures in the European Union remains relevant. Analyses of recent researches and publications. Certain aspects of legal support of labor relations of scientists in Ukraine were considered by Barabash H.O. (peculiarities of legal regulation of labor of scientists and its improvement), Yushko A.M. (peculiarities of organization of labor of scientific workers and its remuneration in the context of reforming the legislation on scientific and scientific and technical activities), Yaroshenko O.M., Vapnyarchuk N.M. (ensuring decent work of scientists, decent and fair remuneration of scientists). With regard to the principles of regulation of the work of scientists in the European Union and the world, we note the publications of V. Kokhan (issues of legal support for the mobility of researchers in the EU, features of employment of researchers in the EU). Purpose of research is to provide an overview of the legal regulation of research activities of scientists in the European Union and Ukraine, and to identify and compare the levels of legal regulation of labor relations of European researchers between them and research infrastructures and labor relations of researchers in Ukraine Article’s main body. The legal regulation of labor relations of researchers in Ukraine can be divided into: the international level of legal regulation, national level of legal regulation general and special legislation that regulates the work of researchers and its peculiarities; local level of legal regulation local acts of scientific institutions adopted on the basis of current legislation within their competence/ The legal regulation of labor relations of researchers with research infrastructures in Europe should also be studied by the level of legal support and can be divided into several levels of regulatory support: international, European, national and local. It seems that the labor relations of scientists with research infrastructures at the local level have proper legal regulation, and perhaps the most detailed among other levels of legal support. Conclusions and prospects for the development. We can conclude, that legal regulation of labor relations of scientists with research infrastructures in the European Union is highly detailed at several levels of regulatory support: international, European, national and local. In Ukraine, a multi-level structure of regulatory support for the labor of scientists is also traced, in which international, national and local elements of legal regulation are distinguished. It is noted that the international level of legal regulation of researchers’ work in the European Union and Ukraine is the same, since international standards in the field of research are mandatory for Member States. At the same time, local legal support for research activities is more developed in the European Union than in Ukraine, as local rulemaking by Ukrainian research institutions is limited by law, and local acts cannot change the norms of higher-level acts. In the European Union, research infrastructures can independently regulate relations with employees, including scientists, without reference to national legislation, due to the international nature of research infrastructures created by several member states and operating in several countries, respectively.

“I participate. You participate. He participates. We participate. You participate. Do they profit?” Brief reflections on the forms of citizen participation according to the Directive (EU) 2019/944 on the Internal Market of Electricity and the Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on Renewable Energy Sources

This article aims to identify the primary forms of citizen participation within the European energy regulatory framework, focusing on decentralised energy production and its intersection with the right to the city and environmental, climate, and energy-related concerns. The article is structured in two sections. The first section addresses the rise of the right to the city, tracing its emergence as a category within urban sociology until its legal recognition as a human right, which guarantees the fruition of urban rights and the promotion of democratic participation in the construction of the urban model. It also analyses the urban phenomenon as a result of the expansion of the urban fabric and a way of life supported by a model of entrepreneurship and commodification of cities. In the second section, there is a brief contextualisation of the development of European energy policy, and it identifies the forms of citizen participation outlined in the Directive (EU) 2019/944 on the Internal Electricity Market, and the Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on Renewable Energy Sources, especially the Citizen Energy Communities (CEC) and Renewable Energy Communities (REC). Finally, the article highlights some risks that should be considered to ensure that market interests do not co-opt mechanisms of citizen participation in the energy sector to the detriment of promoting the right to the city.

유럽 우주정책 거버넌스 연구

The aim of this study is to analyse the historical processes and institutional features of European space policy governance in order to understand its unique governance characteristics, which are designed to ensure that horizontal cooperation at the European level between the ESA and the EU and vertical cooperation between the ESA and Member States' national space agencies are complementary. To this end, this study first examines the historical process of the development of European space policy from the perspective of the history of European integration and the history of legal institutions, in order to understand the nature of the parallel development of European space policy centred on ESA, independent of the evolution of European integration from the ECSC to the EU. On this basis, it will analyse the multi-layered governance of European space policy today, focusing on the two characteristics of 'hybridity' and 'integrity' in order to contribute to a more accurate understanding of European space policy.

Development of European Educational Policy: Legal Foundations

The manuscript is devoted to European educational policy through the prism of legal regulations as their influence is very significant for the development of educational system especially at the tertiary level. 
 The purpose is to study peculiarities of the shaping and development of European educational policies within the realm of higher education, where legal and pedagogical sciences intersect. The tasks are: to find out what place educational sector takes in Europe and why; to reveal the most significant legal documents in the sphere of education and follow the path of development of European policy development in the higher education domain by drawing insights from these documents; to determine the value of legal documents in the sphere of education for the development of European educational policy, based on their essence. 
 The research methods used are analysis and syntheses of European legal documents related to the higher education field aimed at collecting the materials for researching the problem both from a legal and pedagogical position and for drawing the conclusion. 
 The results revealed that the beginning of the European countries’ cooperation in educational sphere (1970s) led to the development of a common educational strategy. Enhanced collaboration in higher education across various tiers evolved significantly following the recognition of the pivotal role played by skilled human resources in driving economic and social progress, a realization that first emerged in 1985. This recognition led to the endorsement of several significant agreements, including the Single European Act in 1987, the Magna Charta Universitatum in 1988, and the Memorandum of Higher Education in the European Community in 1991. The most important EU Treaties concerned the educational sector as well that led to the signing the Bologna Declaration, the establishment of the European Higher Education Area, and the regular meetings of the European Ministers of Education. Education has become the basis for shaping European community and the core for economic stability. 
 The conclusion is that European statesmen consider the educational sector to be the key one because it is the basis of economic, social and human development; the EU Higher Educational Policy has gone from the auxiliary industry in the context of shaping the internal market (1950s) to one of the priority sectors that is developing in response to the demands of society.

Toward an integrated framework for developing European 6G innovation

This article contributes to the discussion on 6G and European policy development, outlining an integrated framework for Europe to benefit from 6G innovation in the future, both as a developer and user of 6G technologies. As 6G is envisioned as a general-purpose technology that can transform the whole of society, there is a need to adopt a broader perspective to innovation compared to earlier technology generations. This proposed framework comprises five elements: national and European sovereignty, triple bottom line sustainability, a competitive transformational innovation policy, European values-based anticipatory regulation, and trustworthy networks that addresses the privacy, security, and safety of users and resilience of 6G at the systems level. It is argued that Europe needs both ex ante and ex post actions to competitively develop and deploy future 6G technologies.

Il policy making dell’Euregio Tirolo-Alto Adige-Trentino. La politica europea di sviluppo regionale come opportunità di tutela e di coesione della minoranza linguistica ladina

Starting with a review of the history of the Ladins from the first post-war period onwards and of the current situation faced by the minority, an attempt is made to evaluate possible paths towards protection. These could favor the development and, above all, cohesion among Ladin communities by reaching across provincial and regional borders. This process could be helped by the recent Europeanist “fashion” of placing greater value on the status of minorities in the European Union because they represent an important cultural heritage. Hence several opportunities offered by the new European development and regional cohesion policies are examined, with special reference to the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) Euregio Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino and its legal basis (EU Regulation 1082/2006). This policy-making body is endowed with political power and therefore able to draw up an action program which would include the organizations and institutions of the Ladin minority to a greater extent than before. This would contribute to improve the coordination of the various initiatives and the cohesion among members of the minority.

Current Developments in European Alcohol Policy: An Analysis of Possible Impacts on the German Wine Industry

In February 2022, the European Parliament agreed on a far-reaching package of measures to regulate alcohol consumption in its vote on “Strengthening Europe in the fight against cancer”. This article therefore elaborates on the most important positions and directions of current European alcohol policy and discusses possible effects on the German wine industry based on existing literature. It can be shown that the attitudes towards alcohol consumption sometimes differ considerably within the European Union, but that there is increasing harmonization of consumption-regulating measures in the course of European integration. However, alcohol policies in the EU are limited by an unclear scientific assessment of “moderate” consumption. This is supplemented by moderate social awareness and the scientific discourse on the effectiveness of alcohol policy measures, as well as a lack of government initiative and legal barriers. Ultimately, the German wine industry finds itself confronted with new scientific findings, associated political demands and creeping changes in social attitudes towards alcoholic beverages.

7.L. Workshop: New roles and innovative skill-mix in nursing across Europe: trends and lessons for implementation

Abstract Many countries in Europe are changing the roles and skill-mix of their nursing workforce. A sufficient and well-skilled nursing workforce has shown to be key for population health, most recently demonstrated during the Covid-19 pandemic. An increasing number of countries have introduced Master-level education for nurses to work in advanced practice nursing (APN) roles. These changes in the educational systems have implications on patients, clinical practice, teams and health systems. Moreover, many countries are re-orienting their health services from hospital to primary health care and prevention, driving new roles for nurses. The relevance of high-quality education and upskilling has been exemplified during the Covid-19 pandemic, where nurses had to quickly adapt to new treatment and caregiving situations in challenging work environments. Objectives of the workshop. This workshop will provide an overview of research and policy developments in Europe, drawing on recent research. First, an overview of innovative skill-mix changes in nursing will be presented and evidence on health outcomes, based on a study from the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Second, research from Germany in five innovator hospitals will be presented, a country which is still at an early stage with integrating nurses in advanced roles. The panel discussion will address innovations in APN research, practice and policy lessons in Europe and with in-depth insights from four countries (Netherlands, Finland, Switzerland, Germany). In the Netherlands, the policy instrument “experimental law” has led to full practice authority for Nurse Practitioners, its impact on practice as well as barriers and enablers will be addressed. In Finland, the focus will be on recent evidence on the expanded role of nurse prescribers, the policy process and early evidence on impacts for nurses and patients. In Switzerland, the lack of regulation and reimbursement schemes restrict advanced practice, whereas drivers comprise changes in population needs, education (master and doctoral level) and reduced workforce availability. Developments at the national and cantonal level and the evaluation of innovative care models with APNs will be presented using case examples and recent research (e.g. university hospitals, primary care). The panelists will discuss implications for research, policy and nursing management, also taking into account the Covid-19 pandemic and other unexpected “health shocks” which have shown to impact considerably on nurses’ roles in practice. Lessons will be shared on strategies for a well-qualified and -resourced nursing workforce integrated in systems. The format is ‘regular workshop’ with two presentations and a panel discussion with experts from four countries. Key messages • Multiple innovative nursing skill-mix model exist, with promising outcomes for individuals and population groups if nurses are well trained and equipped. • Implementation of APN roles requires enabling policy contexts, sufficient funding, clinical leadership, teams that are open to innovations, and strong nurses that take on APN roles.

The gendered history of economic and monetary union

While there is an impressive literature on gender and the past decade of economic crises faced by the EU, there is still a gap in our understanding of the gendered nature of the historical development of European Economic Policy. To what extent is the gendered nature of this policy area a continuation or a new phenomenon? This paper examines a key document in the establishment of the Economic and Monetary Union—the Delors Report. It draws on feminist political economy concepts of the strategic silence, the deflationary bias, and the measurement bias to illustrate the gendered underpinnings of this key document, and key moment. As a result, this paper offers a corrective to gender-blind histories of EMU, as well as providing a basis for a more historically informed feminist analysis of contemporary economic governance in the EU.

Содействие развитию или управление миграцией? (Анализ европейского подхода)

The main purpose of the research is to identify the achievements and failures of the European Communi-ties/European Union development policies in terms of countering unwanted migration from third countries to Europe. European development policy started in the 1950–1960s due to the colonial past of many European states which felt responsibility for their ex-colonies. Common development policy was based at first on the values, but later transformed to serve the European geopolitical interests. Therefore, the European development policy changed from providing unilateral preferences and gratuitous help to making any aid conditional on the partner’s ability to meet the EU requirements. Thus, the responsibility for development was gradually moved from Europe to the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states. In the 2000s, the need to prevent massive immigration making it more manageable became one of the regular EU interests. Therefore, the European Union launched the external dimension of its migration policy that was aimed at making development work for migration prevention. This trend contributed to the EU development policy reorientation from the poorest states to the nearest ones. Although the EU development policy was transformed, it failed to meet most of its aims. The main failures were the expectation to limit immigration in the short-term and overestimation of the Union’s normative power. Because of both Brussels’ inability to ensure development globally and the widening gap in the welfare between the ACP states and Europe, the immigration to the EU is unlikely to drop until 2060s.

ЗЕЛЕНІ ІМПЕРАТИВИ ТА ЧИННИКИ РОЗВИТКУ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ ЕКОНОМІК

European development policy promotes sustainable development and stability in developing countries, with the ultimate goal of eradicating extreme poverty. Development aid is one of the pillars of the EU's external action, along with foreign, se-curity and trade policy. The EU and its member states provide almost half of all global development aid. This makes the union a leading global donor that invests in peace and security around the world. European countries are also striving to make their development policies more coherent and effective in the face of growing problems caused by conflict and climate change. Policy coherence for development minimizes inconsistencies and builds synergies between different EU policies that can affect part-ner countries. Focusing on efficiency, striving for better development results through smarter and more focused investments. However, the environmental threats of modern economic globalization form a range of urgent tasks of scientific and practical nature for the formation of appropriate strategies to counter and eliminate such threats. Based on the objectives of the Europe 2020 and Europe 2030 strategies, which are pursued by all EU countries and its future members, including Ukraine, the is-sue of green economic growth as one of the main components of sustainable development remains relevant. The UNEP Green Economic Report shows that greening the economy not only does not slow down growth (as scientists and politicians have long argued), but is a new driver of economic growth, as well as a source of decent jobs and intellectualization. social development, etc. That is why the scientific problem of developing organizational and economic mechanisms and tools to support the green economic growth of individual countries, as well as their integration associations, is becoming one of the urgent tasks of eco-nomics, which led to the formulation of goals and objectives of the article.

Прилагане на устойчиви агроекологични практики – предизвикател-ства пред фермерските стопанства

The development of European agricultural policy is geared towards achieving sustainability in the relationship between agriculture and the environment. In agricultural practice there are a variety of agro-ecological practices, some of which are well integrated in the modern agriculture in Bulgaria - organic fertilization, reduction of soil treatments, introduction of sustainable irrigation systems, biological control of pests, etc. The report analyzes the state of the more applied agro-ecological agricultural practices in Bulgaria. Emphasis is placed on the challenges and opportunities for applying these practices to farm farms. There is a need to improve access to knowledge, improve observation, strengthen consultancy services and develop the support system.

Global Europe? The new EU external action instrument and the European Parliament

ABSTRACT This article investigates the involvement of the European Parliament (EP) in the preparations of the new EU external action financing instrument (2018–2021). From an explorative perspective, we analyse how the EP contributed to the changes in EU development policy discourse that prepared this fundamental reform, and to the reform itself by promoting its priorities and preferences during the negotiations. We propose three potential research directions on the EP's role in European development policy and the changing function of this field within external policies. The analysis of the negotiation process describes how the EP used its co-legislative role to introduce changes to its other two development policy roles: budgetary control and supervision. The complex nature of the new instrument and the perspectives of the co-legislators create uncertainty on how these changes will affect the EP's influence on the EU's development policy, and how the instrument will reform established development policy approaches.

Tensions at the outset of a common European Development Policy: clientelism, conditionality and effectiveness

ABSTRACT In this article I look at the 1970s debates between the member states of the European Communities and the European Commission regarding the criteria to be used to select European Development Fund (EDF) projects and the use of political conditionality in the first EEC development aid framework, specifically, the Lomé Convention. These debates are interesting for what they reveal in terms of EEC legitimacy and way of functioning as a new actor in the field of development aid and foreign policy. They demonstrate that the legitimacy of the European Commission – and of the EEC/EU as an external actor – remained linked to personal and client-based relationships with African heads of state. The effect of this was that instead of being able to impose its own norms and criteria (whether economic or political), the EEC was forced to compromise with and adapt to the norms and criteria of its African clients.

Reflections on the Political Economy of European Wine Appellations

Today’s European wine policy is centered on a system of appellations, implemented as geographical indications (GIs), that entail significant technological regulations—restricting the varieties that may be grown, while imposing maximum yields per hectare and other rules regarding grape production and winemaking practice. This paper outlines the historical development of European wine policy under the CAP, and presents a more detailed analysis of the economic consequences of the rules and regulations under the appellation system. The introduction of these rules and regulations was probably beneficial initially, both for their didactive effect on wine producers and consumers and as a way of overcoming a significant “lemons” problem in the market. However, those same rules and regulations are much less valuable today, given (1) the potential for alternative sources of information to solve the lemons problem, and (2) evidence that the appellation system per se might not be effectively serving that purpose as well as it once did, while some of the regulations impose significant social costs. Yield restrictions, in particular, are economically inefficient as a way of enhancing and signaling quality (their ostensible purpose) and as a way of restricting total supply to support market prices and thus producer incomes (a significant motivation). The inherent weaknesses of the policy design are compounded by failures of governance. A less heavy-handed approach to policy would allow more scope for the market mechanism to match supply and demand for this signature product from European agriculture.

Evaluating rural viability and well-being: Evidence from marginal areas in Tuscany

Promoting the viability of rural areas is a major objective of the European development and agricultural policies. One of the key aspects for the success of these policies is represented by the possibility to monitor the quality of life in all of its dimensions: social, economic, and environmental. The implementation of tools capable of pointing out the principal criticalities of human satisfaction is complex whether we are referring to the very definition of the concept of well-being or to the operative aspects in evaluating its components. We propose an approach to evaluate community well-being in which the fundamental components are defined referencing Sen's Theory of Capabilities and measured via questionnaires whose purpose is to subjectively evaluate each component on the level of territory of residence. This methodology has been applied to the case of rural areas in Tuscany (Italy). The results show that the main determinants of well-being are the individual perceptions concerning economic condition, security, environmental quality, and educational opportunities.