European Integration Processes In Ukraine Research Articles

Impact of European integration processes on judicial reform in Ukraine

The research relevance is determined by the European integration and identification of gaps and shortcomings arising in the process of harmonisation of Ukrainian legislation with the legal standards of the European Union, providing improvement areas. The study aims to characterise the reform of Ukraineʼs judicial system in the context of European integration. The following research methods were used in the study: systemic and structural, comparative legal, formal legal, and systematisation methods, as well as methods of synthesis, analysis, and generalisation. The study established that the judicial reform launched in 2016 is linked to Ukraineʼs plans to become a full-fledged member State of the European Union. It is determined that under the legal regime of martial law, some processes of reforming the judicial system to the standards of the European community may be slowed down. It is noted that the Copenhagen criteria, especially chapters 23 and 24, are among the key definitions for the implementation of justice and the judiciary in a country which is a member of the European Union. The analysis added that to accelerate the European integration processes in Ukraine, composition renewal of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine should be undertaken. The need to establish transparent qualification requirements for judges and modernise the selection process for the judiciary was outlined. The study concludes that it is necessary to fully launch the High Qualification Commission of Judges of Ukraine, which is one of the key bodies of judicial self-government. The effective operation of this body is essential for maintaining the judiciary at a high professional level and ensuring compliance with the standards of justice. Furthermore, the study stressed the importance of continuing to effectively combat any manifestations of corruption in the activities of the judiciary and the judicial system as a whole. The study materials can be used to improve the functioning of the judicial system in Ukraine

Historical conditions of Ukraine’s tourism and recreation sector formation and its development in the era of sustainable multimodal mobility

The purpose of the proposed article is a show the history of the formation of the sphere of tourism and recreation of Ukraine in the context of world trends. Methodology is base on application of such scientific methods, as literary, historical, chronologic, dichronic (method of division into periods), approach of the systems, івент- and content-analysis, that did possible complex study and selection of the basic historical stages of development of tourism and recreation. Scientific novely. The authors considered the main approaches to the periodization of the formation of tourism and the tourism industry in Ukraine and the main stages of the development of the field of tourism and recreation from the earliest times. It is emphasized that the formation of tourism and recreation in different geographical regions of Ukraine had certain features, and this industry can take place according to the following main models. Conclusions. The processes of the origin and development of tourism and recreation in Ukraine and the world, the emergence of tourist enterprises, the creation of international tourist organizations, and the globalization of tourism are highlighted. The analysis of the points of view of foreign and domestic authors on international tourism market research made it possible to substantiate the historical aspects of the development of the field of tourism and recreation as a factor in the European integration of Ukraine, as well as to determine the current directions of development of the field of tourism and recreation in the context of European integration processes in Ukraine.

Аналіз сприйняття корупції в період дії воєнного стану в Україні

The article summarizes the main scientific approaches to determining the essence of the category of «corruption». Based on the analyses of domestic and foreign publications, the authors’ own definition of corruption is proposed, which is considered as the purposeful dishonest actions of a person/persons aimed at using their powers not in an officially formally defined way, but in order to obtain unlawful benefits for themselves or a third party/parties, leading to the emergence of potential negative material and non-material losses for other individuals, their groups, the State and society in general. The data on the value of the Corruption Perceptions Index, the scale for assessing its level and sources of information for studying the perception of corruption in Ukraine are systematized. The possible reasons for Ukraine’s lagging behind in terms of the Corruption Perceptions Index compared to neighboring countries are substantiated. The main recommendations on the part of Transparency International Ukraine, an accredited representative of the global movement Transparency International, regarding Ukraine’s further steps for 2024 in the fight against corruption are highlighted as follows: to increase the efficiency of the fight against corruption at the highest levels of big business and public service; improve the system of using the assets of corrupt officials and pro-russian accomplices; improve the system of transparency and monitoring of public procurement. Practical recommendations for reducing the level of corruption in Ukraine during martial law are proposed, which, in turn, will contribute to improving the socioeconomic development of the country and serve as a foundation for further European integration processes in Ukraine. In particular, emphasis is placed on the need to pay special attention to taking into account the recommendations of international partners in a timely manner; further improvement of anti-corruption legislation in Ukraine; creation of «profiled codes of conduct» for public servants; resumption of the processes of competitive selection of managers, heads of executive bodies, and members of supervisory boards of the State-owned enterprises and submission of their financial statements, which is now an urgent task to restore public confidence in the government.

CIVIL COMPETENCE OF A TEACHER IN THE LIGHT OF THE REFORM OF THE PRESCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM

The article is devoted to determining the role and place of civic competence of a preschool teacher in the general system of teacher formation in the light of reforming the preschool education system. It was established that the basis of the new educational policy of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine is the prioritization of preschool education as the foundation of an integral system of continuous education. Attention is focused on the fact that, aware of Ukraine's desire to establish itself on the world stage as a European democratic state, educators should understand the direction of internal transformations, in particular in the national education system: the New Ukrainian School is designed to educate a new generation of citizens who have civic values who make responsible decisions and have a sense of responsibility for the fate of Ukraine. The article analyzes the current legislative and regulatory framework for preschool education in the context of civic education, formulates a number of requirements and sets of tasks for the formation of civic competence of the teacher of the New Ukrainian School. It was established that the key industry document in the reform of preschool education, which brings it to a qualitatively new level, in the position of international standards of the quality of education, was the update of the state standard of preschool education (Basic component of preschool education); in particular, the basic principles of its implementation are identical to the principles of a democratic society, including: democracy, the direction of the educational process towards sustainable development and European integration processes in Ukraine, public administration, social partnership, etc. In the course of the study, it was proved that the challenges associated with the formation of a conscious citizen who professes democratic values, with a high sense of self-worth, an active civic position and responsibility, can be solved exclusively by a pedagogical community with a high level of citizenship, and formed civic competences of a teacher is a tool for expanding the opportunities for the development of his personality in the educational field, his promotion in social activities, the possibility of influencing social and state-level processes.

Views on Understanding the Adaptation of Public Administration to the Conditions of Martial Law

Purpose: The aggression by Russia has led to the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, the conditions of which affect all spheres of life in Ukrainian society. Public administration bodies are forced to adapt to the new working conditions, and, unfortunately, these conditions mostly complicate and sometimes even slow down the European integration processes in Ukraine.
  
 Method: The article uses general and special scientific methods.
  
 Results: The legal regime of martial law significantly restructures the system of public administration in Ukraine. However, it is possible to understand the mechanism, internal nature and further development of such restructuring only through the prism of analyzing the essence of the process of adaptation to martial law.
  
 Conclusions: The authors distinguish two components of adaptation to martial law: first, in the field of economic and business activities; second, in the field of law enforcement activities. Based on the comprehended problematic aspects and components of adaptation of public administration to martial law, the following areas of its improvement are identified: interaction of security and defense forces; ensuring rational implementation of all types of management activities in the course of the digitalization of social relations; observance of the rights of persons with disabilities under martial law.

ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-SPEED TRAFFIC ON RAILWAYS OF UKRAINE

The development of Ukraine's economy and industry largely depends on the use of its transit potential, which will contribute not only to the intensification of transit cargo flows, but also to an increase in passenger traffic. Even in the conditions of martial law, railway transport performs its functions of mass transportation of goods and passengers rather stably. However, the efficiency of railway transport is mainly provided by freight transport, which makes it much more difficult to compete with other modes of transport in the field of passenger transport. In today's realities on the market of transport services regarding the provision of passenger transportation, there is a decline in the position of railway transport But, despite this, railway transport remains strategically important, as it ensures the transportation of goods and the evacuation of the population in difficult times for our country. In addition, the railway network of Ukraine organically fits into the European network through Poland, Moldova, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia. All this determines that the process of European integration of Ukraine requires modern approaches from the railway, one of which is the introduction of high-speed traffic. As world experience shows, the introduction of high-speed traffic is necessary to increase the efficiency of railway passenger transportation and attract customers to railway services. In accordance with this, the article discusses the prospects for the introduction of high-speed traffic on the highways of Ukraine. At the first stage, the justification of the choice of the mode of transport is carried out based on the provisions of the theory of fuzzy sets, which makes it possible to determine the most competitive mode of transport. At the second stage, a comprehensive assessment of the prospects for the introduction of highspeed traffic is carried out, which determined the need to assess the economic efficiency of this type of transport, taking into account the reconstruction of the existing railway lines of Ukraine. Therefore, the introduction of high-speed traffic will allow to strengthen the competitive advantages of railway transport in the field of passenger transportation, and will also contribute to the European integration processes in Ukraine.

Simplified forms of trial proceeding of administrative cases in the legislation of European countries

The article is devoted to the analysis of the experience of the countries of the European Union for the implementation of differentiation of the procedural form of consideration and resolution of public-legal disputes by simplifying it - withdrawal of unnecessary, complicated, and ineffective elements. The study of this issue is conditioned by the activation of European integration processes in Ukraine, which requires taking into account the achievements of European countries in administrative litigation to improve the legislative basis of the functioning of administrative courts in Ukraine.
 It has been established that the introduction, along with the general procedure of judicial proceedings, that is, ordinary, simplified proceedings, is a trend long supported by the countries of the European region, which is aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of the right to access to justice and a fair trial, which was repeatedly emphasized by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in its Recommendations to member states.
 The legislation of European states (Germany, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Austria, Estonia) was studied, which regulates the administrative court’s procedural activity to simplify the consideration and resolution of cases. The main criteria and reasons for applying simplified court proceedings and resolving public-legal disputes were considered. It was clarified: who has the right to initiate a case in a simplified manner, whether the participants’ opinion is taken into account, and what are the powers of the court when deciding this issue. Similar features were identified in the studied foreign legislation on simplifying administrative litigation.
 A comparative analysis of the European legislation with the provisions of the Ukrainian administrative-procedural legislation was carried out, and the provisions that would be appropriate to be introduced into the national legislation in order to improve the simplified legal proceedings and increase the level of effectiveness of judicial protection of individual rights in the field of public-legal relations were highlighted.
 It was concluded that simplified procedures for the trial investigation of administrative cases take an important place in the legislation of the countries of the European Union, which indicates the importance of procedures for optimizing the judicial process.

Establishment of European Values on the Way of Ukraine’s European Integration and Their Protection in the Context of War: Constitutional and Axiological Aspect

The article provides a scientific analysis of those European values, the establishment of which is a prerequisite for Ukraine’s accession to the European community and Ukraine’s acquisition of the status of a full member of the EU. It is noted that modernity determines the definition of two main areas of research on constitutional axiology: first,the correlation of constitutional principles and European values, as well as their implementation and establishment in Ukraine on the path to its European integration; second, determining the role of the judiciary and constitutional justice in the mechanism of implementation and establishment of European values in Ukraine in the context of its European integration aspirations. The author emphasizes the primary importance of protecting, especially in times of war, such constitutional and European values as a person, his or her life, dignity, freedom, security, etc. The constitutional and legal analysis of the principles enshrined in the text of the Constitution of Ukraine has given grounds to conclude that they correspondin their axiological content to European principles, the implementation, affirmation and protection of which is a prerequisite for Ukraine’s entry into the European community and its acquisition of the status of a full member of the EU. In this process, the judiciary plays an important role, so the current stage of judicial reform in the context ofUkraine’s European integration is focused on the formation of a high-quality judiciary with a high level of legal awareness and the implementation of European standards in the administration of justice. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine is a powerful and influential body that plays an important role in the process of Ukraine’s European integration and, in particular,in the implementation and promotion of European values. In order to make its activities more efficient in the context of European integration processes in Ukraine, it is relevant to: reform the procedure for the formation and improvement of the functioning of this constitutional justice body; supplement its regulations with a provision containing a list of basic constitutional and European values, so as to determine in more detail and clearly the focus of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine’s practice on their establishment in Ukraine. Key words: axiology, rule of law, European integration, European values,Constitutional Court of Ukraine, constitutional principles, human rights, legal consciousness, justice

Інвестиційно-інноваційна діяльність в Україні в контексті Євроінтеграції

The article considers the role of innovation as the basis of the European integration processes in Ukraine, considers the views of modern scientists on the concept of innovation, analyzes the state of innovation activity in Ukraine and its peculiarities in the conditions of war. Determination of investment opportunities of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration. The state of investment activity in Ukraine in the period 2021-2022 is analyzed. According to the results of the study, the largest investor countries were Cyprus, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Luxembourg and France. At the end of 2021, 36% of the total capital investment was invested in the industry, rural, forest construction - 8.3%. According to the results of the study, it is noted that industrial parks and business incubators are important methods of attracting innovation to Ukraine. In order to further expand innovative relationships in the context of European integration, it will allow to expand innovative business, through the creation of exhibition space, the development of technological agencies, innovative solutions, through the demonstration of the best domestic scientific and innovative developments and cooperative relations, through promoting the development of platforms for communication.

Human rights and citizens in the conditions of the European integration processes in Ukraine

Human rights and citizens in the conditions of the European integration processes in Ukraine

Constitutional justice as an element of the law protection function of the EU States

Traditionally, the main function of the body of constitutional jurisdiction is the function of constitutional control, but the human rights function, although not a classic one, is equally important.
 The human rights protection function of the body of constitutional jurisdiction in practice is expressed in ensuring the possibility of turning to such a body of a natural or legal person whose rights have been violated, as is usually the case in the case of using all possible means of protection.
 In this article, the experience of applying the human rights function by the bodies of constitutional jurisdiction is considered on the example of the activities of the constitutional courts of the countries of Central Europe and at the same time of the countries of the European Union - Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. This experience is valuable for Ukraine, since the constitutional crisis recently affected the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, as well as in view of the active European integration processes in Ukraine and the need for its post-war reconstruction, which is not possible without the coordinated functioning of all state authorities.
  The article examines the experience of reforming the body of constitutional jurisdiction, the legislator's view on the powers of such a body, and vivid examples from human rights practice. A conclusion was made about the formation of transnational constitutionalism by such states, similar to the principles of the European Union, the application of unified, developed principles of proportionality when assessing the balance in the conflict of two or more fundamental human rights.

Intellectual property in Ukraine during martial law

The article is devoted to research of intellectual property in Ukraine under martial law. The authors of the article focus on the fact that intellectual property is one of the areas that helps the country develop economically in such an extremely difficult time, and pass the challenges with dignity, step by step.
 The authors establish that appropriate management of the intellectual property portfolio under martial law is particularly relevant to avoid future problems with potential litigation. It is also substantiated that it is important to keep data for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights in Ukraine in the post-war economy.
 The article highlights that Ukrpatent, which performs the functions of the National Intellectual Property Body in the field of intellectual property, keeps working in difficult conditions, providing the necessary functions and continuous operation of the state system for intellectual property legal protection. Based on the analysis of data from Ukrpatent, it is noted that the number of registered industrial property rights for the 1st half of 2022 compared to the 1st half of 2021 is 75.2%.
 The authors analysed the latest changes in the legislation on intellectual property under martial law, which give grounds to believe that intellectual property continues to develop. It is also noted that there is a strengthening and implementation of European integration processes in the area of intellectual property. Ukraine actively continues to develop the relevant direction.
 The authors conclude that despite the extremely difficult conditions in various spheres of social life under martial law, laborious legislative activity in the field of intellectual property continues. Providing further functioning of the mechanisms of intellectual property rights protection and their progressive improvement under martial law with the support of friendly countries and the international community is aimed at strengthening and implementing European integration processes in Ukraine.

SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION STRATEGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN UKRAINE

Modern requirements for companies and consumers include the stability of financial performance amid increasing environmental attractiveness. Companies need to cover such seemingly diverse interests as profitability for owners, concern for staff, interest for partners and consumers, actions for environmental protection. It is essential to consider the growing role of conscious consumption, which is a direct regulator of production activity. The aim is to formulate a strategy and recommendations for combining sustainable initiatives in production and consumption in the context of European integration processes in Ukraine. The research object is sustainability in production and consumption. The article proposes a strategy that combines sustainable production and sustainable consumption into one cluster. It will allow sustainable initiatives are focused on systemic changes and essential areas of production and consumption. The practical value of the approach is in a strategy that includes measures stimulating environmental and socio-economic policy of production. It will allow moving from relative disunity of actions to technological standards. The proposed strategy can be implemented in recommendations for improving programs on changing behaviour from a gradual transition from individual consumers to broader initiatives to change the entire system – production and consumption. Today, this is especially important, including for Ukraine, considering its transition to sustainability and the implementation of sustainable development goals in the sphere of sustainable production and consumption. Also, we outlined directions for further research in the policy of sustainable production and consumption in the context of European integration processes in Ukraine.

Some peculiarities of legal protection of trademarks in EU countries in the context of European integration processes in Ukraine

Keywords: trademark, EU countries, territorial marks, national brands, trademark protection
 The article notes that Ukraine's further preparation for EU membership involves the completion of a comprehensive transformation of all spheres. One of the vectors of such a transformation concerns trademarks as a necessary element of the free exchange of goods and services. Legal protection of trademarks in EU countries covers three levels: international,regional and national. It is noted that the formation of European standards for the protection and protection of trademarks in the EU was determined by the processes of globalization and integration. The legal model for the regulation of TM relations at the regional level contributed to the convergence of the national legislation of the EU countries.Instead, there are numerous provisions of a dispositive nature, according to which EU countries individually decide on the issue of their reflection in national legislation, which does not create contradictions, but gives peculiarities to the legal regime of TMprotection in each specific country. The article reveals some of these features. Attention is drawn to the possibility of registration of warranty and certification marks as TM, which was implemented by Germany, Italy, and France. The identical approach of the EU countries to the registration of «Sound” trademarks — in the form of an audio file — has been revealed. Based on judicial practice, the weaknesses of the registration of a smell as a trademark in the form of a graphic description are considered. Designations that cannot be registered as trademarks and features of registration as such of portraits of people and personal names are defined. The requirements for applicants when registering trademarks and the legal consequences of not using trademarks are determined, as well as the role of using a trademark in overcoming the refusal of registration. The article reveals the meaning and purpose of the «opposition period» and the specifics of its application in individual countries, using the example of Poland, Italy, France, and Germany. Special attention is paid to the protection of territorial brands, national brands and their correlation with well-known brands.

ЗМІСТ І СТРУКТУРА ПРЕДМЕТНО-МЕТОДИЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ ХІМІЇ У ПРОЦЕСІ ФАХОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ

The tendencies in the development of Ukrainian education in the interrelationship, interdependence and complementarity of the industry’s intra-systemic orientation to European standards, the state policy of Europeanisation and European integration, the fulfillment of the conditions of the European Union about membership, taking into account European traditions, legislation, modern experience of public relations by authorities and society are examined in the article. The purpose of the article is to study the trends in the development of Ukrainian education during the period of the European integration processes activation and to determine promising directions for improving the state policy regarding the accession of Ukraine as a candidate to the European Union and scientific and practical approaches to the ways of educational services providing, bringing the educational potential closer to European standards. Methodology of the article. To disclose the role of education in the process of Ukrainian citizens’ democratic consciousness formation, respect for laws, an active life position, and interested participation in state-building processes. It has been found out that the Europeanisation of education in Ukraine is influenced by both national policy and compliance with defined rules and requirements, equal cooperation with the countries of the European Union, self-organization and self-governance of teaching and student community, focus on education quality, competitiveness of graduates and their employment, implementation of the “academic integrity” principle, promotion of academic mobility, formation of an individual educational trajectory, formation of innovative structures of various types on the basis of a higher education institution, expansion of opportunities for obtaining higher education and lifelong education, support of persons with special educational needs, development of interstate and interuniversity cooperation, expansion of practice public control in the field of education, economization of education, etc. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research consists of such general scientific principles as: historical, terminological, functional, systemic, cognitive ones. The results. The analysis of scholars’ papers is carried out. It helped to outline the results of the implementation of the provisions of the Bologna Declaration in Ukraine by introducing the pan-European system of academic degrees, the implementation of fundamental and applied scientific researches on a market basis, the introduction of innovations according to programmatic and target approaches, the formation of a bilateral and multilateral contractual and legal framework with foreign educational institutions, etc. It is revealed that European integration takes place at the expense of interstate cooperation, the introduction of approaches that allow for self-financing of higher education institutions, optimization of budget support, attraction of extra-budgetary funds, bringing education expenses to the average indicators of European countries. The main trends affecting the development of Ukrainian education in terms of Europeanisation and European integration are analyzed. It is proven that European integration processes in Ukraine are irreversible, and therefore higher educational institutions should take these trends into account and develop autonomy, inter-university ties, involve stakeholders in the development of educational programs, etc. The practical significance of the obtained results is in the fact that they can be used in order to elaborate a concept for a higher education institution development by orienting to modern trends introduction, which are based on the Europeanisation and European integration of Ukraine. Key words: inter-state and inter-university relationships, quality of higher education, state policy in the field of higher education, autonomy of higher educational institutions, budget support, state and regional support.

STUDY OF STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN THE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE

Modern requirements for companies and consumers include the stability of financial performance amid increasing environmental attractiveness. Companies need to cover such seemingly diverse interests as profitability for owners, concern for staff, interest for partners and consumers, and actions for environmental protection. It is essential to consider the growing role of conscious consumption, which is a direct regulator of production activity. Today, this is especially important for Ukraine, considering its transition to sustainability and the implementation of sustainable development goals in the sphere of sustainable production and consumption. The aim is to formulate a strategy and recommendations for combining sustainable initiatives in production and consumption in the context of European integration processes in Ukraine. The research object is sustainability in production and consumption. The article proposes a strategy combining sustainable production and consumption into one cluster. It will allow sustainable initiatives are focused on systemic changes and essential areas of production and consumption. The work used the method “Sustainable value of the business”. This method includes detailed reporting on the sustainable development of production with relevant ratings and indices. It’s recommended for use in decision-making, investment management for business development, comparative analysis, and communication with stakeholders; it also provides a comprehensive view of the company’s impact on six standardized parameters. The result is a proposal to create an algorithm to combine sustainable production and consumption into one cluster. It will allow sustainable initiatives to focus on systemic changes in crucial production and consumption areas – energy, transport, housing, agriculture, and food. The practical value of the approach is in a strategy that includes measures stimulating environmental and socio-economic policy of production. It will allow moving from relative disunity of actions to technological standards. The proposed approach can be implemented in recommendations for improving programs on changing behavior from a gradual transition from individual consumers to broader initiatives to change the entire system – production and consumption.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE FISCAL POLICY OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF A DIGITAL ECONOMY

Purpose. The purpose of the scientific work is to determine directions for improving the state's fiscal policy in the context of digitalization of the financial system and strengthening of European integration processes in Ukraine. Methodology of research. To achieve the defined goal, a complex of modern scientific research methods was used, in particular: logical – to gradually systematize the theoretical and practical principles of research; induction and deduction – for formulating well-founded conclusions and proposals; analysis and synthesis – to identify the factors that determine the fiscal policy of the state; statistical methods (grouping, comparison, series of dynamics) – for forming a data array and conducting an analysis of the effectiveness of fiscal policy; tabular and graphical methods, structural analysis – for analyzing the structure and dynamics of budget revenues and expenditures and determining the effectiveness of the fiscal policy. Findings. The article examines the fiscal policy from the point of view of the complex of financial actions of the government to ensure the possibility of financing a certain amount and ratio of budget expenditures, the organization of an optimal system of inter-budgetary relations, and the creation of an effective mechanism for taxation of economic entities and the country's population. The dual nature of fiscal policy, which includes two components: tax policy and budget expenditure policy, is revealed. The need to coordinate the government's activities in the direction of mobilizing tax revenues of the budget system and implementing budget expenditures to ensure the social and economic development of the national economy is emphasized. Fiscal policy tools are highlighted from the point of view of the set of means used in the process of withdrawing part of the funds from business entities and the population to ensure the mobilization of a sufficient amount of financial resources in the country's budget system. The fiscal mechanism is presented in terms of tax and budget components, which interact with each other, help to redistribute GDP, and have the appropriate tools. Its purpose is well-founded - attracting sufficient amounts of financial resources into the budget system to fulfill the functions and tasks assigned to it by the state. A close correlation between the volume of mobilized taxes and the number of budget expenditures is argued. It is emphasized that the implementation of an effective budget and tax policy can improve the investment climate in the country and accelerates the rate of economic growth. The effectiveness of the domestic tax policy was assessed using the analysis of the dynamics and structure of tax revenues to the budget system during 2010-2021. The negative impact on the development of the economy of Ukraine was revealed by the following factors, which caused the emergence of many constructive problems: the conduct of military operations on the territory of the country, the far from the optimal situation of the national market of goods and services, the drop in household incomes, the imbalance of the economy, etc. The areas of improvement of the tax policy in Ukraine in the conditions of the strengthening of the European integration processes are defined, and the necessity of introducing a program-target method in the management of budget expenditures is argued. The dynamics and structure of expenditures of the state and local budgets of Ukraine according to functional and economic classification are analyzed, and the need to improve inter-budgetary relations to increase the financial base of local self-government is emphasized. Directions for improving the domestic budget policy to turn it into a tool for ensuring the country's economic development are proposed. The main problems of implementation are outlined and ways to improve the state's debt policy from the point of view of its relationship with the tax and expenditure component of the budget system are determined. The main areas of improvement of the fiscal policy of the state are determined to increase its transparency with the help of participatory budgeting, the introduction of a system of electronic services, and the use of innovative digital technologies in public finances. Originality. The negative fiscal factors restraining the development of the national economy were determined using an analysis of the structure and dynamics of revenues and expenditures of the budget system; directions for improving the domestic tax policy and the policy of budget expenditures to stimulate economic growth are proposed; the main problems are identified and the ways of improving the debt policy of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration are substantiated; the expediency of using modern digital technologies to improve the fiscal policy of Ukraine is argued. Practical value. The results of the conducted research on the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in the conditions of the expansion of digital technologies will help the government of Ukraine to transform the policy in the field of taxes, budget expenditures, and public debt into the main tool for ensuring the country's development in the conditions of strengthening the processes of European integration. Key words: fiscal policy, taxes, budget expenditures, public debt, participatory budget, electronic services, Prozoro, public procurement, digital economy.

The research methodology and historiography of administrative and legal support of European integration processes in Ukraine

The research methodology and historiography of administrative and legal support of European integration processes in Ukraine

The influence of the socio-cultural aspect of tourism on the genesis of the civilization process and European integration communication links

Summary. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of the phenomenon of tourism as a socio-cultural phenomenon on the genesis of the civilization process and integration communication links between Ukraine and the countries of the European Union (EU). The main levers of tourism development, its main aspects and social functions are revealed. Currently, tourism is considered as a subject of scientific study, with its conceptual apparatus, functions and sphere of influence. The article examines the social and cultural factors of the development of modern tourism. Particular attention was paid to the issues of the individual’s need for tourist services, the social nature of the tourist’s needs was determined, and the peculiarities of meeting the needs in tourist services were analyzed. The methodological foundations of the research were general scientific methods and techniques of research: analysis, synthesis, comparison, analysis of statistical data. The analysis of the points of view of foreign and domestic authors on the research of the social and meaningful aspects of tourism, the conceptual apparatus of the sociology of tourism allowed to substantiate the influence of sociological aspects of tourism on globalization processes and European integration communication links, as well as to determine the current directions of tourism development in the context of European integration processes in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. It was determined that tourism, being one of the manifestations of a social form of movement, is an important factor that contributes to multifaceted communication links and affects the genesis of the civilization process, but for a long time it did not have a clear and unambiguous definition, and was interpreted differently by individual specialists, and organizations. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was established that in the modern world tourism combines many spheres of human activity and affects both the person himself and all spheres of his life and the life of society as a whole, performing a cognitive function. In places with a developed sphere of tourism, there is a change in society – there is a reorientation of the workforce in professions related to tourism. It has been proven that in developed forms, tourism strongly affects both the person himself and many areas of his life – the organization of work and leisure, economic and social development, transforms the environment in the region in which it develops.

ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРНИХ ПРОЄКТІВ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИМИ ГРОМАДАМИ

As a result of the armed aggression against Ukraine and the systematic destruction of the infrastructure throughout the country, territorial communities face the issue of rebuilding destroyed infrastructure facilities in the post-war period. In the conditions of limited financial resources, the principal attention will be paid towards individual projects that finance the restoration of critical infrastructure, which is necessary for the life and livelihood of the community, so some projects may remain unfunded by the local authorities. The article examines the main instruments of financing infrastructure projects by the territorial communities at the expense of the private investors. The purpose of the work is to analyze the main instruments of financing infrastructure projects by territorial communities and to determine effective ways of attracting financial resources. It has been proven that when choosing directions for financing infrastructure projects, different levels of the hierarchy of the infrastructure objects of the "smart territorial community" should be taken into account. The hierarchy proposed in the work will allow for determining the priority of financing infrastructure projects to achieve sustainable development of the territorial community. Taking into account the current trends in the EU and European integration processes in Ukraine, it is recommended to introduce "green" bonds, which are an innovative financial instrument for mobilizing resources from local and international capital markets for the implementation of the projects that create environmental benefits for the territorial community, region, and country. The use of innovative financial tools, such as financial engineering, is proposed, which allows for effective fundraising not only through securities, but also through project financing and public-private partnerships. It has been proven that although grants provide funds on a non-refundable basis, such funding has certain limitations, so in most cases (unless otherwise determined by the features of a specific project), project funding will be a more effective way of attracting funds.