The article examines the features that characterize the primary education development in Ukraine with a special focus on the Transcarpathian region (Zakarpattia). The purpose of the article is to clarify and expand the periodization table that reflects the formation and development of primary education in Ukraine. It also highlights the features within each stage, focusing on primary education in Transcarpathia. A set of interrelated research methods was used: general scientific methods including but not limited to analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization were applied to compare and contrast the research findings; special historical and pedagogical methods, for instance, historical-retrospective and historical-structural methods were used to systematize the historiography of the research issue; a chronological method was applied to develop a periodization that illustrates how primary education in Ukraine was formed and developed. The authors argued that the periodization developed by Z. Onyshkiv illustrates the flow with which primary education developed and evolved into the present position, however, there is a need to update the information, taking into account current trends in primary education. Consequently, the 6th stage called the stage of the New Ukrainian School, which reveals the essence of the modernization of primary education has been added. Thus, six stages describe the main landmarks in primary education development: Stage 1 marks the beginning of education when primary schools were opened (from the 10th century to the end of the 18th century). Stage 2 is identified as the acceptance of primary education when there were attempts to establish programs to train teachers for primary school (early 19th century and 20s of the 20th century). Stage 3 is characterized by the extensive reforming targeted at primary education and in-service primary school teachers’ training programs (between the 20s and 50s of the 20th century). Stage 4 emphasizes the intensive development of primary education and teacher training programs (between the late 1950s and 1990). Stage 6 highlights the measures taken by independent Ukraine to improve primary education (1991–2015). Stage 6 accentuates the stage that has started the new school reform marked as the New Ukrainian School reform (between 2016 and the present) (2022). This stage has been added to illustrate how entirely different the modern reform is. The New Ukrainian school reform stage is aimed at harmonizing the educational goals in Ukraine with the goals set for European education.
 Keywords: education; primary education; professional training of primary school teachers; primary schools; formation; development; primary school students; competence approach.