Eurasian Region Research Articles

Ionospheric response over the high and middle latitude regions of Eurasia according to ionosonde data during the severe magnetic storm in March 2015

We have analyzed spatial and temporal variations in ionospheric parameters over high and middle latitudes of Eurasia, using data from chains of high- and mid-latitude ionosondes during a severe magnetic storm in March 2015. To analyze the ionospheric response to the severe geomagnetic disturbance of solar cycle 24, we have employed ionosonde data on hourly average values of the critical frequency foF2 of the ionospheric F2 layer, the critical frequency of the sporadic layer foEs, and the minimum reflection frequency fmin. There are strong latitudinal and longitudinal differences between the features of temporal variations in the analyzed ionospheric parameters both under quiet conditions before the magnetic storm onset and during the storm. We discuss possible causes of the observed spatial variations in ionospheric parameters. The source of spatio-temporal variations in ionospheric ionization parameters may be inhomogeneities generated in the high-latitude ionosphere under conditions of increased helio-geomagnetic activity. During the magnetic storm main and recovery phases, periods of blackouts of radio signals from ionosondes were observed at both high and middle latitudes. During these periods, there was a significant increase in the absorption of radio waves used in ionosonde sounding, as well as in the frequency of occurrence of screening sporadic Es layers. The long-term effect of the negative ionospheric storm over high and middle latitudes of Europe is explained by the movement of the vast region of the reduced density ratio [O]/[N2] at thermosphere heights from the Far East and Siberia westward to Europe during the late recovery phase of the magnetic storm. Increased ionization of the ionospheric F2 layer with foF2 exceeding the level for quiet days before the onset of the magnetic disturbance over the vast region of Eastern, Western Siberia and Eastern Europe after the end of the magnetic storm in March 2015 is a manifestation of the aftereffect of magnetic storms. The increase in ionization was especially pronounced, as measured by the chain of mid-latitude ionosondes.

Профессиональная коммуникация экспертов-гуманитариев стран СНГ: основные геополитические векторы и предпочтительные форматы

Difficult and controversial, with setbacks, the process of reintegration of the CIS countries is largely failing in the humanitarian sphere. Humanitarian communications in the field of education, science, culture, art, etc. have long remained on the periphery of the attention of political elites of the new independent states, or the elites even deliberately hampered them. Only in recent years, due to the revealed high conflict potential of the factor of value-based orientation of the population (“identity wars”) and the increasing incidence of cultural clashes, this component of integration started to be included in the Russian political discourse. The article is devoted to the study of professional communications between experts in the field of humanities from six CIS countries: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia. The study is based on the expert survey conducted jointly by the International Non-Profit Association of Research Companies “Eurasian Monitor” and MGIMO University. Based on the experts' responses, the Communication Orientation Index (COI) was designed, which allowed to identify priority geopolitical vectors of interaction for the countries under consideration. According to the COI values, some of the CIS countries included in the analysis have similar communication profiles. Russia and Belarus demonstrate a high degree of self-orientation (however, Belarus also shows orientation toward Russia). Armenia and Azerbaijan are more oriented toward the EU and North America. Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan are located between these two poles. Among the factors influencing the COI values, the authors emphasize the role of the financial factor. According to their conclusion, the creation of funds like Russian Science Foundation, designed to finance international research projects and activities in the Northern Eurasian region, is one of the most important conditions for developing professional communication between specialists in the field of humanities in CIS countries.

The Strengthened Linkage between ENSO and the Eurasian Pattern since the Late 1980s

Abstract The Eurasian (EU) teleconnection pattern is an important atmospheric intrinsic mode over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, and it has strong influence on the weather and climate over Eurasia and remote regions. Investigating factors for the EU variability is crucial and has important implications for regional climate prediction. This study reveals a remarkable influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the EU in early winter and particularly a notable enhancement of this influence since the late 1980s. The results indicate that ENSO can lead to the vertical motion and atmospheric heating anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean, triggering an atmospheric wave train propagating along the subtropical westerly jet and inducing an EU-like pattern over Eurasia in early winter. The interdecadal enhancement of the ENSO impact on the EU after the late 1980s may be attributable to the warming of the background mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Indian Ocean. In particular, ENSO can lead to stronger atmospheric heating and circulation anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean via a strong air–sea interaction due to a warmer background mean SST after the late 1980s. A warmer background mean SST in the tropical Indian Ocean accelerates the subtropical westerly jet due to the thermal-wind balance, which is more favorable for the propagation of the atmospheric wave train forced by the atmospheric heating anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean. The observed mechanisms for the enhanced impact of ENSO on the EU are also validated by numerical experiments. Significance Statement The Eurasian (EU) teleconnection pattern is an important atmospheric internal variability with significant influences on the Eurasian climate. The present study finds a remarkable relationship between the EU and ENSO in early winter, and this connection is significantly enhanced in recent decades. Thus, ENSO may serve as an important precursor signal for predicting the EU. Observational analysis and numerical experiments show that the warmer tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) plays a key role in this enhanced relationship. The warmer TIO may enhance the local air–sea interaction and accelerate the subtropical jet. The ENSO-induced anomalous disturbance over the TIO becomes stronger and can more easily propagate along the subtropical jet, exerting a strong influence on the EU especially after the late 1980s.

Prediction of Summer Precipitation via Machine Learning with Key Climate Variables：A Case Study in Xinjiang, China

Study region: Xinjiang is located in the mid-latitude region of Eurasia in northwestern China. Precipitation is predominantly concentrated in northern Xinjiang, while southern Xinjiang remains comparatively arid. Summer precipitation accounts for 54.4% of the annual total. Study focus: This study aims to develop a machine learning model to predict summer precipitation (June–August) in XJ and explore the key variables contributing to summer precipitation in this region. The SHapley Additive exPlanations method was integrated with an extreme tree model to quantify the contributions of variables towards precipitation. Artificial neural networks, support vector machines, and extreme gradient boosting were considered to predict summer precipitation. To train the ML model, we used precipitation data from 1961 to 2012, whilst the forecast results from 2013 to 2017 were used for validation.New hydrological insights for the regions: The results demonstrated that the ANN model achieved robust performance during both the training and validation periods. For Northern and Southern XJ, the Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error of the ANN model were 15.34 (20.40) and 23.21 (30.01), respectively. The SHAP analysis showed that in the context of Northern Xinjiang, the Niño B Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly, Western Pacific Subtropical High Intensity, Pacific Subtropical High Intensity, and Multivariate ENSO Index play crucial roles in the prediction of summer precipitation. In Southern Xinjiang, the South China Sea Subtropical High Intensity, South China Sea Subtropical High Area, Western Pacific Warm Pool Strength, and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation have emerged as key variables affecting summer precipitation forecasting.

A Method for Identifying Warm Fronts in Eurasia

ABSTRACTWarm fronts often trigger significant weather changes, which also play a role in many extreme weather incidents. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the location and characteristics of warm fronts to accurately forecast weather changes. However, warm fronts are more difficult to identify than cold fronts on average, since the gradients can be weaker and shallower. This paper proposes a new objective method for identifying warm fronts in the Eurasia region using ERA‐5 hourly reanalysis data. The method uses the appropriate thermal front parameter and warm advection threshold to identify the potential warm frontal zone, then determines the corresponding warm boundary according to the predominant wind direction within the frontal zone, and finally locates the warm front line along the warm boundary. In various weather processes, the location and shape of the objective warm front correspond well with the distribution of weather systems and meteorological elements, indicating the effectiveness of the method. Meanwhile, the high agreement between objective and manual warm fronts further supports the reliability of the method. Furthermore, this method is applied to the long‐term datasets covering Eurasia, enabling an exploration of the climatological characteristics of warm fronts in the region. The study reveals distinct seasonal patterns in warm front frequency, with the highest frequency occurring during winter and the lowest during summer. Warm fronts are notably active in Europe, the Siberian Plain, the Northeast China Plain extending to the Western Pacific during winter, spring, and autumn. The dataset of warm fronts produced by this method proves valuable for climate change research.

Photographic record of Kashmir Gliding Squirrel Eoglaucomys fimbriatus (J.E. Gray, 1837) from the Gurez Valley, Jammu & Kashmir, India

Around 48 species of gliding squirrels are present in the world; found mainly in tropical regions of North America, Eurasia, and southeastern Asia. The Kashmir Gliding Squirrel Eoglaucomys fimbriatus is a rare species of rodent that belongs to the family Sciuridae. It is a nocturnal species, resting during the daytime in tree shelters and emerging at night to feed. This paper documents the direct sighting of the Kashmir Gliding Squirrel from the Gurrai Nallah, Gurez Valley of Jammu & Kashmir.

Sustainable Development: A Historical Fair as a Form of Cultural Tourism and Place of Memory

The purpose of this article is to investigate the features of the sustainable development of tourism and place of memory in the Eurasian region with the help of fairs. The research paper examines the impact of the fair phenomenon on the countries of the Eurasian region, within the framework of the concepts of sustainable development of the tourism industry. In the study, special attention was paid to the functions of the local population and administration in the productive growth and sustainable development of fair tourism. For that, a survey of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the topic of attitudes to fair events as part of the sustainable development of tourism in the country was carried out. The survey revealed a positive trend in the respondents’ attitude to fairs in Kazakhstan as a tool in the development of sustainable tourism.

Container Management System in Batumi Port

Currently, the maritime economy of Georgia is developing quite rapidly. The special geopolitical position of our country in the Eurasian region, in the neighborhood of countries on the path of market reforms, forces the Georgian government to restore the infrastructure of the national economy to effectively use our territorial traditional advantages: mineral resources, free agricultural areas, a large coast, to create convenient port complexes. All this contributes to the development of modern marine transport, cargo, passenger, as well as mixed cargo-passenger complexes. Sea transport is used to transport goods between the country's ports, as well as to develop and ensure Georgia's foreign economic relations with foreign countries. As of 2015, maritime transport accounted for more than 86% of the country's export-import traffic. In 2021, sea vessels entered the ports of Georgia 370 times from 65 foreign countries, which provided more than 86% of the country's needs in foreign trade transportation. In recent years, major technical retooling of seaports has been carried out, tonnage has significantly increased, and the capacity of ships has increased. The capacity of the ships' power plants has increased, automation of several production processes on ships has been introduced, and new transport technologies have been introduced, which ensure safer and more trouble-free navigation of the fleet. The modern port system is a complex hierarchical structure that combines ship companies and fleets, navigation and information support systems, computer systems, and computer-related means of land transportation of goods. Keywords: Container management system, Batumi port, container platform, computer system.

Flower arrangement and plant architecture in Atraphaxis, Bactria, and Persepolium (Polygonaceae, Polygonoideae, Polygoneae) and their systematic implications

Plant architecture includes patterns of arrangement of vegetative organs and flowers that may be difficult to describe because of the modular nature of plant growth. We disentangle the terminological issues and provide a case study of a clade of Polygonaceae family. The study focuses on the characteristics of thyrses, reproductive shoots, and shoot systems in 37 species of Atraphaxis, 5 species of Persepolium, and Bactria ovczinnikovii from arid regions of Eurasia using a phylogenetic approach. Based on the plastid phylogeny, parsimonious reconstructions of the evolution of 16 traits were obtained. Three types of perennial shoot systems were identified: perennial systems formed by reproductive (Type I) or vegetative (Type II) shoots, or by both (Type III). Type I was found in Persepolium, Bactria, and a basal subclade of the clade Atraphaxis, and was considered the plesiomorphic state. Type II was found in several distal subclades of the Atraphaxis clade, and was derived from Type I, while Type III was found in a distal subclade, corresponding to the section Atraphaxis. The characteristics of inflorescences and shoots differentiate Persepolium from Bactria and Atraphaxis and provide new data for the classification of the latter genus. Our findings confirm the heterogeneity of the section Tragopyrum, which includes species with Types I and II shoot systems, as well as the isolation of sections Atraphaxis and Physopyrum, which differ in the structure of their thyrses.

Ensuring coherence between China’s “Belt and Road” initiative and Eurasian Economic Union Project

The article examines the transport development of the intracontinental spaces of Eurasia and their interrelations with the Belt and Road initiative and the activities of the EAEU in infrastructure construction. The emergence of the Initiative is due to several large-scale global economic processes, such as the shift of the center of world production to Asia, China’s leading role in the global economy, its desire to form a different, more equitable model of world economic relations, the growth of geopolitical, transport and economic dynamics of intra-continental events. The central element of the Initiative is China’s willingness to finance local infrastructure projects in which there is a common interest. The integration project is focused on the state sovereignty of the participating countries, the transformation of the EAEU into a dynamically developing region of Eurasia, and the economic attraction for third countries. The EAEU sees the creation of a modern communications infrastructure (the Eurasian transport framework) as the main prerequisite for achieving these objectives. One of the important results of the conjugation of the mega-project and the activities of the EAEU has been a multiple increase in trade and transport communications between China and the EAEU countries. The implemented, ongoing and recommended projects of international transport corridors ensure the permissive effect of intra-continentality and a wider use of the advantages of the Central Eurasia position for the development of the countries of Central Asia, Western China and the Siberian regions of Russia.

Influences of online computer-mediated activities on the development of aggressive behavior: A systematic literature review comparing Eurasian regions.

Influences of online computer-mediated activities on the development of aggressive behavior: A systematic literature review comparing Eurasian regions.

Supplemental Material for Influences of Online Computer-Mediated Activities on the Development of Aggressive Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review Comparing Eurasian Regions

Supplemental Material for Influences of Online Computer-Mediated Activities on the Development of Aggressive Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review Comparing Eurasian Regions

Advancing Subseasonal Surface Air Temperature and Heat Wave Prediction Skill in China by Incorporating Scale Interaction in a Deep Learning Model

AbstractAccurate subseasonal predictions of high surface air temperature (SAT) and heat wave events 10–30 days in advance are crucial for mitigating the risks of extreme weather; however, they pose a challenge for current operational models. In this study, we trained a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based deep learning model to exploit the modulations in China's SAT by precursor signals across different timescales to improve predictions of future SAT and heat wave events. This CNN model demonstrated superior capability in capturing the evolution of SAT anomalies and the occurrence of heat wave events with forecast lead times beyond 20 days, compared with that of the operational models of the China Meteorological Administration and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. Explainability analysis highlighted that subseasonal SAT predictability in China is driven primarily by large‐scale intraseasonal perturbations from both lower‐ and higher‐latitude regions of Eurasia and interannual variability.

Combined Impacts of Autumn Snow Cover on the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast Asia on the Winter Eurasian Temperature

ABSTRACTThis study explores the combined effects of autumn snow cover anomalies on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Northeast Asia (NEA) on winter Eurasian temperature using observational data for the period 1972–2021 and a linear baroclinic model (LBM). Distinctive wintertime temperature patterns are found across the Eurasian continent corresponding to increased autumn snow cover in NEA when TP experiences normal, above‐normal, or below‐normal snow cover condition. In the scenario with an anomalous increase in autumn snow cover in NEA in combination with normal snow cover condition in TP, the overall winter temperature anomalies tend to be generally weak across the Eurasian continent. In years when autumn TP snow cover is above normal, the spatial distribution of winter temperature anomalies over the Eurasian continent associated with more NEA snow cover exhibits a ‘cold Arctic‐warm Eurasia’ (CAWE) pattern. The emergence of this CAWE pattern can be attributed to the low‐pressure system induced by the intensified NEA snow cover, which is further reinforced by the atmospheric wave train generated by negative North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in winter. This low‐pressure system amplifies the polar vortex and causes cooling in polar regions. Simultaneously, southeasterly winds along the southwestern flank of the North Pacific high‐pressure system contribute to warming in the mid‐latitude regions of Eurasia. While in years when autumn snow cover in TP is less than normal, more snow cover over NEA is accompanied by a ‘warm Arctic‐cold Eurasia’ (WACE) temperature anomaly pattern prevalent during the winter season. The decrease in autumn Barents‐Kara Sea ice is accompanied by a circulation pattern akin to the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation during winter, favouring the southward intrusion of cold air, thus contributing to this WACE temperature anomaly pattern. Further analysis reveals that the impact of snow cover on the WACE temperature pattern is, for the most part, independent of the Arctic sea ice.

“Turks, Tatars and Russians in the 13th–16th centuries”: exploring the interaction across Eurasia

Research objectives: This article, through the review of István Vásáry’s book, published in 2023 as part of the Variorum Collected Studies Series (digital) by Taylor & Francis, aims to explore the interactions among Turks, Tatars, and Russians within the Eurasian region, as well as their broader political, economic, and cultural influences. Research results and scientific novelty: The book that forms the basis of this article consists of a total of 21 articles by the Hungarian author published in different years, including the revised and translated English version of two articles previously published in Russian. This work of Vásáry, a veteran researcher in the field of Turkic, Mongolian, and Tatar history, as well as Turcology, explores the interaction among societies spanning vast territories from the Steppes to the Balkans and further across Eastern Europe. It exposes with great skill the political, military, administrative, social, economic, diplomatic, religious, linguistic, literary and cultural aspects of the interaction in question through specific case studies and facts. This view is a challenge to the general one that ignores the contributions of the people in the mentioned territories to world civilization. From this aspect, this book beckons scholars to reevaluate historical documents not merely as repositories of the past, but also as critical lenses through which to discern and interpret contemporary realities.

High-precision cyclic correlation as a basis for detailed paleoclimatic reconstructions for the Pliocene-Quartenary sections of Eurasia

An astrochronological (cyclostratigraphic) binding of the lithological and geochemical characteristics of Pliocene-Quaternary sediments of the Eurasian sections to the Milankovich cycles (eccentricity, obliquity of the ecliptic, precession) was carried out, an analysis of the relationship between the established variations in climate and paleotemperature with the moments of coincidence of different-order cycles of eccentricity and their paleoclimatic characteristics was given. The results of the implementation of the results obtained during the practice in geology at the Moscow State University in Chashnikovo are shown. During the research, materials from the exposition space of the Department of Regional Geology and Earth History and the Museum of Earth Science were used. The results of the study were used in conducting an educational practice in geology in Chashnikovo, and can also be used in the dismemberment and regional and global correlation of sections, in conducting geological surveys, creating cyclostratigraphic scales of the plains and mountainous regions of Eurasia, as well as in the creation and further development of the exposition space of museums — Moscow State University Gymnasium for example.

Traces of Bronze Age globalization in East Asia: Insights from a revised phylogeography of the Y-chromosome haplogroup Q1a1a-M120.

In this study, we aim to explore the genetic imprint of Bronze Age globalization in East Asia from a phylogeographic perspective by examining the Y-chromosome haplogroup Q1a1a-M120, and to identify key demographic processes involved in the formation of early China and the ancient Huaxia people. Over the past few decades, we have collected the sequences of 347 Y chromosomes from the haplogroup Q1a1a-M120. These sequences were utilized to analyze and reconstruct a highly revised phylogenetic tree with age estimates. And we analyzed the geographical distribution and spatial autocorrelation of nine major sub-branches of Q1a1a-M120. Finally, we observed the expansion of Q1a1a-M120 from the beginning of the Bronze Age in East Asia, along with the continuous dissemination of its sub-lineages among East Asian populations. We suggest that certain sub-lineages played a significant role in the formation of states and early civilizations in China, as well as in the development of the ancient Huaxia people, who are the direct ancestors of the Han population. Overall, we propose that haplogroup Q-M120 played a role in the introduction of Bronze Age culture to the central region of East Asia. Therefore, it is haplogroup Q-M120, rather than the Western Eurasian paternal lineage, that expanded and contributed to the gene pool of the East Asian population. In summary, the globalization of the Bronze Age led to large-scale population replacement and admixture across various regions of Eurasia; our findings highlight the unique demographic processes that occurred in East Asia during this period.

The Frasnian stage of the Upper Devonian in Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic (Southern Transcaucasia)

Marine carbonate-terrigenous deposits of the Lower (partially), Middle, and Upper Devonian, rich in coral-brachiopod and other fauna, are widespread across the territory of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic. Various ore and non-metallic minerals are associated with these deposits: the Gyumushlug and Yaydzhinsky polymetallic deposits, etc. Further ex-pansion of the mineral resources of the study area, as well as the challenges associated with the establishment of large-scale geological mapping in this region, make the development of a detailed stratigraphic scheme crucial. An indispensable condition for the creation of such a scheme is the study of the most characteristic groups of ancient organisms, among which brachiopods play a dominant role in the organic world. Devonian deposits in the Southern Transcaucasus are distributed over a limited area – in the western part of the Na- khchivan Autonomous Republic – but they are widespread here and are represented by all three well-characterized faunal divisions. For the first time, a diagram has been compiled, reflecting the sequence of appearance and distribution over time of Devonian brachiopods. On this basis, a scheme for the zonal division of the Devonian deposits in the region has been developed, identifying 20 biostratigraphic zones and 16 stratigraphic units (formations). This study summarizes the scattered information contained in various sources on the paleontology and stratigraphy of the Devonian period in the region. The identified brachiopod zones are linked to standard conodont zones. The great importance of brachiopods is determined by the fact that they are one of the most effective groups of fauna not only for dating sediments in natural outcrops, but they also provide good results for broad interregional correlations. Based on the macrofaunal complex, the Frasnian age of the sediments within the formation in question is firmly established. A detailed biostratigraphic scheme with zonal division of the Devonian deposits of Transcaucasia was developed, based on the most important stages in the development of the brachiopod fauna. Biostratigraphic zones, formations, and subformations identified in the Devonian deposits of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and adjacent areas, based on the study of the entire complex of organic remains, mainly brachiopods and cono- donts, can be compared with corresponding deposits of typical sections of Western Europe (Ardennes and Eifel Mountains) and many regions of Eurasia. The obtained data are of practical importance for theoretical geologists, prospectors and developers.

Spatial–Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Driving Mechanism Analysis of the “Three-Zone Space” in China’s Ili River Basin

The Ili River Basin (IRB) is located in the northwest of China. With its large-scale zone and abundant resources, it is believed to be a “wet island” and a biotic resource storehouse in the dry regions of Eurasia. The IRB has stable ecological conditions and abundant water resources, providing natural conditions for agricultural production and human settlements. With the population increasing and economic development advancing, the competition for land resources is becoming fierce, leading to some ecological problems in this region. Therefore, understanding the spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of the “three-zone space” (TZS) in the IRB is of significant practical importance for promoting sustainable development and optimizing the territorial spatial pattern. This study first analyzes the characteristics and intensity of the TZS changes from 2000 to 2020. Then, it utilizes the optimized parameter Geodetector (OPGD) to analyze the driving mechanisms behind these changes. The results show the following. Firstly, the agricultural space (AS) increased by a total of 837.5 km2, the urban space (US) increased by 519.64 km2, and other ecological space (OES) increased by 1518.83 km2. Green ecological space (GES) decreased by 2875.97 km2. Secondly, intensity analysis indicated that the total TZS change in IRB was 11.07%. At the spatial-type level, the increased intensities of OES, US, and AS were active. In spatial transformation intensity, US and OES tended to transform into AS; AS tended to transform into US; and OES and GES had a mutual transformation tendency. Thirdly, AS converted into US around emerging cities like Khorgas and Cocodala. The conversion towards GES was scattered. The mutual conversion between OES and GES showed spatial distribution consistency, mainly occurring in the Borohoro ranges and the Halik ranges. Lastly, regarding the driving mechanisms, the evolution of US in the IRB was driven by social and economic factors. Location and climate factors accelerated agricultural development, facilitating the transformation of GES and OES into AS. Climate and economic factors played a crucial role in the scale of conversions between OES and GES. The findings can provide a basis for the governance and protection of the IRB, help to form a rational territorial spatial pattern, and offer scientific guidance for sustainable land management.

Dominant Role of Eurasian Evaporation on the Moisture Sources of the Interannual Variations in Central Asian Summer Precipitation

Abstract The precipitation changes in arid and semiarid central Asia have great impacts on the local fragile ecosystem. The summer precipitation in central Asia shows obvious interannual variations, but the corresponding crucial moisture transporting processes remain unclear. Therefore, this study employs the Lagrangian flexible particle (FLEXPART) diffusion model to achieve this goal. Results show that the moisture of climatological summer precipitation in central Asia is mainly from the local regions, the surrounding western and northern Eurasian regions. The contribution of local evaporation from western central Asia is about 2 times that from eastern central Asia. At the interannual time scale, the moisture variations are mainly influenced by the local regions and western Eurasia, while the local evaporation is mainly from western central Asia. Totally, the Eurasian evaporation plays a dominant role in the interannual variations of central Asian summer precipitation by contributing more than 90% of the total moisture. The moisture transports associated with central Asian summer precipitation interannual variations are impacted by the anomalous cyclones over the western and northeastern parts of central Asia during the wet years, which enhance the moisture convergence and hence increase the summer precipitation in central Asia. The anomalous cyclone over the western part of central Asia is correlated with the changes in the intensity of Eurasian summer subtropical westerly jet (ESSWJ), while the anomalous cyclone over the northeastern part of central Asia is correlated with both ESSWJ and the British–Baikal Corridor pattern teleconnection in association with the polar front jet.