Euphorbia Hirta Research Articles

First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera xanthii on Sigesbeckia orientalis in China.

Sigesbeckia orientalis L., (St Paul's wort) is an annually grown natural herb of Asteraceae with a long therapeutic history for a wide range of inflammation-related diseases in China (Zhong et al. 2019). In June 2020, typical symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on 30% of wild S. orientalis plants grown along the roadsides and gardens in Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China. Circular to irregular white powdery fungal colonies were observed on both surfaces of the leaves and young stems, causing necrosis and premature senescence. Fungal hyphae were epigenous, flexuous to straight, branched, and septate. Appressoria on the hyphae were nipple-shaped or nearly absent. Conidiophores were straight, 30 to 210× 8 to 12 μm, and produced 3 to 7 immature conidia in chains with a crenate outline. Foot-cells were cylindrical, 45 to 75 ×10 to 12 μm, followed by 1 to 2 shorter cells. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoid-ovoid to barrel-shaped, 25 to 38 × 18 to 23 μm with distinct fibrosin bodies. Germ tubes were produced from a lateral position on the conidia. Chasmothecia were not observed on the infected leaves. Based on anamorph characteristics, fungus was identified as Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & N. Shishkoff (Braun and Cook 2012). For molecular identification, total genomic DNA was extracted (Mukhtar et al. 2018) from fungal colonies on infected leaves of five collections separately. For each DNA sample, the part of LSU and ITS regions were amplified using primers LSU1/LSU2 and ITS1/ITS4 (Scholin et al. 1994; White et al. 1990), respectively. A BLAST search revealed 100 % sequences similarity with P. xanthii sequences reported on Ageratum conyzoides (KY274485), Eclipta prostrata (MT260063), Euphorbia hirta (KY388505), Sonchus asper (MN134013), and Verbena bonariensis (AB462804). Representative sequences (ITS: MZ613309; LSU: MZ614707) of an isolate were deposited in GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis also grouped the obtain sequences into P. xanthii clade. Pathogenicity was confirmed by gently pressing the infected leaves onto young leaves of five healthy one-month-old S. orientalis plants, while three non-inoculated plants were used as controls. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25 ± 2°C. After, seven days, white powdery colonies were observed on inoculated plants, whereas controls remained mildew-free. On inoculated leaves, the fungus was morphologically and molecularly identical to the fungus on the original specimens. P. xanthii has been reported as a significant damaging pathogen on a wide range of plants in China (Farr and Rossman 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by P. xanthii on S. orientalis in China as well as worldwide. S. orientalis is one of the most important commercial Chinese medicinal herbs and the occurrence of powdery mildew is a threat to its production, quality, and marketability.

In vitro and ex vivo studies to assess the antiurolithiasis activity of phenolic components of Ricinus communis L. and Euphorbia hirta L. with simultaneous HPTLC analysis

In vitro and ex vivo studies to assess the antiurolithiasis activity of phenolic components of Ricinus communis L. and Euphorbia hirta L. with simultaneous HPTLC analysis

Allelopathic effect of Euphorbia hirta (pig weed) extracts and powder on seedling growth, chlorophyll and protein content of Cicer arietinum (black gram) in Pakistan

Allelopathic effect of Euphorbia hirta (pig weed) extracts and powder on seedling growth, chlorophyll and protein content of Cicer arietinum (black gram) in Pakistan

Anti-Dengue Screening on Several Vietnamese Medicinal Plants: Experimental Evidences and Computational Analyses.

Worldwide, medicinal plants have been known for economic and geographical advantages, thus possibly holding potentiality against dengue hemorrhagic fever. The methanol/water extracts from different parts of fourteen Vietnam-based plant species were subjected for experimental screening on anti-dengue activity using baby hamster kidney cells (BHK21) and plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT). Firstly, the methanol/water extracts were tested against serotype dengue virus DENV-1. Seven out from nineteen extracts show the PRNT50 values less than 31.25 μg/mL. Four of the above extracts namely from Euphorbia hirta, Cordyline terminalis, Carica papaya, and Elaeagnus latifolia were chosen for testing against the serotype DENV-2. All of them exhibit good activity with the PRNT50 values less than 31.25 μg/ml, which were further fractionated to obtain hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. Anti-dengue virus activity of the fractions against four serotypes DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4 was evaluated. As results, the ethyl acetate fraction of Elaeagnus latifolia is highly active against all four serotype viruses. The structural formulae of its nine constituents were input for molecular docking simulation. The docking-based order for static inhibitability is 6-3L6P>7-3L6P>9-3L6P>2-3L6P>3-3L6P≈5-3L6P>9-3L6P>1-3L6P>8-3L6P; QSARIS-based analysis reveals the biocompatibility of the most promising ligands (4-7); ADMET-based analysis expects their pharmacological suitability. Exceptional finding on 2-3LKW hydrophilic interaction at Lys43 (with the associated Gibbs free energy of -10.3 kcal mol-1 ) raises an open explanation for inhibitory effects. The results encourage further investigations for more in-depth mechanisms and drug development, such as in vitro enzyme assays or in vitro clinical trials with natural substances from E. latifolia.

Chemical Composition of Euphorbia Hirta L. collected in Dan Phuong, Hanoi

During the screening for biological active compounds from the medicinal plant, a species of Euphorbia hirta L. collected from Dan Phuong-Hanoi was utilized for its phytochemical study. From the n-butanol extract, eight compounds, including nonacosan-1-ol (1); β-sitosterol (2); β-sitosterol glucoside (3); quercetin (4); nicotiflorin (5); rutin (6); afzelin (7) and quercitrin (8) have been isolated. Their structures were determined by analysis of IR, MS and NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopy as well as by comparison with published data.

Efficient Euphorbia hirta Phytosomes for in vitro Antiasthmatic Activity

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the antiasthmatic activity of Euphorbia hirta extract and Euphorbia hirta phytosomes in an in vitro anti-asthmatic model. Materials and Methods: The phytosomes were tested for entrapment efficiency, solubility studies, and in vitro drug release. The in vitro goat tracheal chain preparation paradigm was used to test the Euphorbia hirta extract and Euphorbia hirta phytosomes. Results: Histamine-induced contraction in an isolated goat tracheal chain revealed that both Euphorbia hirta extract and Euphorbia hirta phytosomes decreased histamine’s contractile effect. The entrapment efficiency was observed well at 60°C and a 1:2 ratio of extract: phospholipids. The solubility studies and in vitro drug release studies depicted a rise in the lipophilic nature of extract by formulating it in the form of phytosomes. The antiasthmatic activity of the extract and phytosomes increased as the concentration was raised. Conclusion: The presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, glycosides, and saponine may play a role in the antiasthmatic activity observed. Moreover, enhanced lipophilicity might have enabled phytosomes to show a better antiasthmatic profile as compared to extract.

Adsorption potential of Euphorbia Hirta’s (leaf and stem) towards methyl red in aqueous systems

Dyes harm both aquatic species and humans in wastewaters, which are poisonous as well as carcinogenic. For decades, the adsorption system technique has been widely used to take out dyes from aqueous solutions since it is a trouble-free and successful process. The present study investigated the use of Euphorbia hirta’s leaf powder/stem powder/leaf ash/stem ash for the adsorption of methyl red dye (MRD) from aqueous samples for the first time. MRD aqueous solutions (250 ml, 100 ppm) were incubated for the required contact period with 1.2 gm/l of investigated sorbent with agitation at 100 rpm. The temperature and pH remained maintained at 27 degrees Celsius and 4.0, respectively. The residual amounts of MRD were evaluated by spectrophotometrically measuring MRD absorbance at 464.9 nm. The percent MRD clearance using E. hirta’s leaf powder/stem powder/leaf ash/stem ash showed that the optimal condition of MRD clearance happened at pH unit of 4, 100 ppm concentration of MRD, sorbent dose at 1.2 gm/l, ambient temperature, mechanical shaker agitation speed of 100 rpm. The optimal equilibration time for highest percentile MRD clearance was 125 min (E. hirta leaf powder), 105 min (E. hirta leaf ash powder and E. hirta stem powder) and 90 min (E. hirta stem ash powder). Negatively charged chemical groups like –COOH, -CHO, -NH, etc. present in the phytochemicals of E. hirta’s leaf and stem binds to positively charged ions in MRD, as a result, adsorption occurs. For its significant biosorption potential and cheap cost, E. hirta’s leaf powder/stempowder/leaf ash/stem ash can be regarded as alternative biomass for removing MRD from the aqueous solution.

The potential of young and old Euphorbia hirta leaves extract as antibacterial against Escherichia coli and antihelminthic against Ascaridia galli obtained in Sentul chickens

Abstract. Puspitasari M, Abun, Rochana A, Widjastuti T. 2022. The potential of young and old Euphorbia hirta leaves extract as antibacterial against Escherichia coli and antihelminthic against Ascaridia galli obtained in Sentul chickens. Biodiversitas 23: 3243-3250. The declining production of indigenous Sentul chickens is due to pathological microbes in the digestive tract. Euphorbia hirta or patikan kebo is a weed exhibiting active compounds that are expected to remove Escherichia coli and Ascaridia galli from the digestive tracts of chicken. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of E. coli and anthelmintic A. galli from the ethanol extract of E. hirta. The anthelmintic activity was analyzed in a completely randomized design with four doses (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/mL) and five replicates. Mortality time series data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test. While a probit analysis determined the Lethal Concentration (LC50) and Lethal Time (LT50), experiments on antibacterial activity were performed by the microdilution method. The result showed a powerful anthelmintic activity in ethanol extracted from both young and old leaves. However, LC50 and LT50 were higher in young leaves than the old ones. While antibacterial activity against E. coli was apparent from ethanol extract in old and young leaves. Old leaves have a Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of 3.125% lower than young leaves (12.5%).

KEBO LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT (Euphorbia hirta L.) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS IN FEMALE WHITE RATS DETERMINED USING ARTIFICIAL UDEMA METHOD

An ordinary protective reaction to tissue damage brought on by physical trauma, chemical agents, or harmful microbiological agents is inflammation. The kebo excerpt plant has significant amounts of flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study used the artificial udema method to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Kebo Petikan leaves (Euphorbia hirta L.) ethanol extract in female white rats. This study applied a subcutaneous 1% carrageenine inducer as an anti-inflammatory drug on the soles of rats' feet. Following the injection of the test material at doses of 26 mg, 52 mg, and 104 mg, a decrease in volume was the metric that was observed. The results of the study showed the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of kebo petikan leaves at a dose of 26 mg/5ml had a strength of 32.3%, a dose of 52 mg/5ml had a strength of 78.48 %, and a dose of 104 mg/5ml had a strength of 91.46% compared to drugs.

Lagerstroemia, Euphorbia Hirta, and Kleinhovia Hospita as Inhibitors of Heptad Repeat (HR) SARS‐CoV-2 Spike Protein Based on an In Silico Study

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), has become a global health issue. Spike proteins from the virus have a vital role in infection. Herbal medicines such as Lagerstroemia, Euphorbia hirta, and Kleinhovia hospita have several pharmacological functions such as anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant because of their bioactive compound content. Based on an in silico study, this research was conducted on the possibility of phytochemicals from herbal Lagerstroemia, E. hirta, and K. hospita to inhibit spike protein SARS-CoV-2. A three-dimensional (3D) compound structure of each herbal medicine was docked with HR protein using AutoDock Vina software. The docking result, which has the best binding energy value, is continued with the analysis of molecular dynamics simulation. Lagerine, rutin, and nicotiflorin compounds might bind to proteins with lower binding energy. Protein was unstable when complexed with compounds compared with control, as seen from the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value. Therefore, this research is pre-experimental to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins by herbal medicines.

Aspect of Euphorbia Hirta in the Intendance of Obesity: A Review

Aspect of Euphorbia Hirta in the Intendance of Obesity: A Review

Euphorbia hirta Leaf Ethanol Extract Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Inflammatory Response via Down-Regulating JNK or STAT1/3 Pathways in Human Keratinocytes.

Skin inflammation may cause allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Euphorbia hirta (E. hirta) is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family and is well-known for its anti-asthma effects. E. hirta has traditionally been used to treat respiratory ailments, dysentery, jaundice, and digestive problems. However, its effects on skin inflammation remain unclear. Here, we determined the effects of 70% ethanol extract of E. hirta leaves (ELE) in vitro using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, which constitute most epidermal skin cells. We determined the inhibitory effects of ELE on the inflammation caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ in keratinocytes using ELISA, immunoblotting, and qRT-PCR assay. ELE was found to reduce the production and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α or interleukin-6 and the expression of various proteins, including signal transducers, activators of transcription 1/3, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Expression levels of these proteins were found to be upregulated in the TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated condition and downregulated by ELE treatment. These results indicate that ELE protects HaCaT cells against TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced skin inflammation.

EVALUATION OF NEWER POLY HERBAL FORMULATIONS FOR WOUND HEALING AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

According to Herbalism, independent medicinal herbs are not sufficient to obtain the required pharmacological effect, but when we use these herbal compounds in combination at appropriate proportions will help to obtain maximum pharmacological effects with minimal toxic effects. In this present study, efforts were made to develop an intervention with a poly herbal formulation which was prepared from ethanolic leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata, Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hirta Linn. The impact of poly herbalism is assessed for its wound healing property by using excision wound model and anti-inflammatory property by using formalin induced paw oedema model. For wound healing assessment two polyherbal formulations F1 and F2 are prepared with 2% and 4% W/W. These formulations were examined for stability studies. F1(*p<0.005) and F2 (**p<0.001) have shown significant wound closure and faster epithelialisation when compared to standard Povidone-Iodine (5%) ointment (**p<0.001). For assessing anti-inflammatory activity, the poly herbal formulations are prepared as 2% (F1) and 4% (F2) solutions. The doses from each formulation are given as 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg to different groups of animals. Both the poly herbal formulations have shown significant results F1(*p<0.05, **p<0.005) and F2 (***p<0.0005, ****p<0.0001) respectively when compared to standard Indomethacin 4 mg/kg dose (****p<0.0001). This study has revealed that poly herbal formulations have shown better anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties due to the synergism of the phytochemicals present in these plant extracts which may lead to future developments of potential poly herbal formulations in the treatment of wounds and inflammatory mediated diseases.

Effects of <i>Euphorbia thymifolia</i> and <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> leaf extracts on membrane-bound, mitochondrial enzymes and lipid profile of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The present investigation was aimed to identify the potentiality of <i>Euphorbia thymifolia</i> Linn. and <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Linn. leaf extract on the toxin-induced (carbon tetrachloride - CCl<sub>4</sub>) Albino Wistar rats. The animals were grouped into 7 categories including control (basal diet, G1), CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced (1.5 mL/kg, b.w., i.p.) (G2), G1 administrated with 300 mg/kg b.w., extract of <i>E. thymifolia</i> (G3) and <i>E. hirta</i> (G4), G2 administrated with 300 mg/kg b.w., extract of <i>E. thymifolia</i> (G5), <i>E. hirta</i> (G6), and standard drug (silymarin 25 mg/kg b.w.; G7) for 21-days trial period with each group contains 6 rats. The samples were collected and the following parameters including mitochondrial enzymes, different ATPase and lipid profiles were analyzed. The membrane-bound enzymes, the mitochondrial enzymes levels and the lipid profiles were reduced in the toxin-induced rats but the levels of enzymes were restored, significantly increased and lipid profiles are returned to the normal in the treatment of both extracts.

Assessing a Medicinally Important Common Indian Weed Growing in the Arsenic-Affected Areas of West Bengal, India, Considering Its Impact on Human Health.

Euphorbia hirta is used traditionally for medicinal purposes. A vast stretch of land in West Bengal is arsenic affected, where agricultural activities present the hazard of arsenic entering the food chain putting the entire community at health risk. The present work tried to study if these areas could be safely utilized to grow this medicinal plant. In this study, the medicinal plant Euphorbia hirta and a known hyperaccumulator Brassica juncea were exposed to a high level of arsenic, and after a certain span of time, arsenic translocation in both the plants was checked. The data revealed that Euphorbia hirta is not a hyperaccumulator and does not translocate high levels of arsenic to the aerial parts of the plant as compared to Brassica juncea. It was also found that the biochemical and genetic effects of arsenic stress were enhanced significantly more in Brassica juncea than in Euphorbia hirta. Thus, the present study points to the growth potential of the common medicinal weed Euphorbia hirta in the arsenic-affected areas without being a cause of human health concern.

Toxicity and lethal effects of herbaceous plant crude extracts against Spodoptera litura

BackgroundTobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, attacks various cultivated plants and causes significant yield losses. In this study, an eco-friendly approach like using botanical insecticides was adopted to examine the toxicological effect of six herbaceous plants (Phyllanthus niruri, Cyperus rotundus, Euphorbia hirta, Boerhavia diffusa, Parthenium hysterophorus and Cynodon dactylon) against S. litura.ResultsSix herbaceous plants crude extract showed a definite level of toxicity against S. litura larvae (3rd instar) using the surface diet contamination method. Among tested herbaceous plants crude extract at 5 μg/ml concentration, C. dactylon showed significant high larval mortality (75%) against S. litura larvae compared to P. niruri (39%), C. rotundus (36%), P. hysterophorus (26%), B. diffusa (22%) and E. hirta (22%) treatments. A cent percent S. litura larval mortality was achieved at lower concentration from crude extract of C. dactylon (11.2 μg/ml) compared to E. hirta (18.6 μg/ml), B. diffusa (24.39 μg/ml), P. hysterophorus (31.4 μg/ml) crude extracts. The lethal concentration (LC50) of C. dactylon, P. hysterophorus, C. rotundus, P. niruri, B. diffusa and E. hirta crude extracts was estimated to be 1.45, 4.09, 5.74, 6.75, 10.92 and 13.62 μg/ml, respectively.ConclusionThe study results suggested that C. dactylon crude extract possesses the potential to reduce the S. litura damage on crops as a natural alternative to the chemical insecticides with no toxicity to beneficial species.

Euphorbia hirta as a gold mine of high-value phytochemicals: A comprehensive review of its pharmacological activities and possible role against SARS-CoV-2

Euphorbia hirta is a common medicinal plant in folk and traditional medicine systems. This plant has shown promising effects against several human ailments and infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to summarize the medicinal activities and value of Euphorbia hirta. The main intent of this literature review was to summarize the phytochemical content and pharmacological applications of Euphorbia hirta. The literature review about the pharmacology and phytochemistry of Euphorbia hirta was collected from different global platforms, such as Scopus, ERIC, PubMed, and Web of Science. E. hirta has a rich phytochemistry and exhibits remarkable activity against respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and venereal diseases. Different extracts of this plant have shown significant preclinical anticancer propensity against an array of different cancer cell lines. It acts as a highly active antiviral agent and has shown pronounced activity against coxsackievirus, human immunodeficiency virus, dengue virus, poliovirus and simian immunodeficiency virus. A clinical study showed its inhibitory responses against flu and fever in dengue patients. Most importantly, the plant possesses remarkable inhibitory action on ACE, which aids SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. The multidimensional role of Euphorbia hirta as a potential antiviral agent suggests its possible application to control COVID-19 along with modern and Western medicinal strategies. In conclusion, the literature review regarding Euphorbia hirta showed its strong pharmacological applications, such as antimicrobial, antimalarial, anti-asthmatic, antioxidant, antiviral and anticancer activities. Further in-depth research is necessary to monitor its role in the management of viral diseases, especially COVID-19.

Aktivitas Ramuan Herbal sebagai Antagonis Reseptor H1, Relaksan Otot Polos dan Penghambat Degranulasi Sel Mast sebagai Antiasmatik

Asthma is still become a major health problem worldwide, affected all ages from pediatrics to 
 adults. The severity of the disease vary from mild to severe and leads to the risk of death. The 
 uses of medicinal plants as antiasthmatic have often been conducted by the local community. 
 The present study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine the activities of herbs 
 containing of sembung leaves (Blumea balsamifera L.), kemukus seeds (Piper cubeba L.), teki 
 rhizome (Cyperus rotundus L.), and patikan kebo herbs (Euphorbia hirta L.) with certain ratio 
 as an antiasthmatic. The in vitro test was carried out on isolated smooth muscle cells of guinea 
 pig. Histamine was used to stimulate the contraction of smooth muscle cells of guinea pig 
 trachea. The in vivo test was carried out using guinea pigs which sensitized with ovalbumin 
 and administered with the herbs formula. The trachea of guinea pigs were prepared for 
 histopathological examination and stained on toluidine blue. The result revealed that the 
 antiasthmatic herbs of 1, 2, and 3 showed activities as H1 receptor antagonists. The 
 antiasthmatic herbs of 1, 2, and 3 were able to relax the smooth muscle of guinea pig’s trachea 
 that was experiencing contraction, but in lower level compared to theophylline. The
 antiasthmatic herbs formula in this study did not have the activity to inhibit mast cell 
 degranulation.

<i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Leaves Extracts for Removal of Warts and Skin Diseases

<em>Euphorbia hirta</em> is a a medicinal plant which is been widely used from olden days as a herbal medicine for various purposes for mankind. Our country is known for its medical and Ayurvedic treatments. Various parts of the plant is been used for various uses, and here the leaves are been used for the treatment of warts and skin diseases. Questionnaire was prepared and the feedback was collected before the usage of this medicinal plant. The latex or the sap of the plant was collected from <em>Euphorbia hirta</em> and it has been used for the treatment. After the completion of the treatment again questionnaire was given and the feedback was collected for the group of people. This research describes about the medicinal properties, the days of treatment, the feedback and the other important aspects of <em>Euphorbia hirta</em>. The research enlightens on how efficient the leaf extracts of <em>Euphorbia hirta</em> totally irradiated the warts and the fungal diseases totally without any pain and side effects. Moreover, the availability of the leaves are abundant and easily available, hence economical. There are many medicinal plants around us like this each having its own chemical composition which can be used in our daily life without any side effects instead of going for synthetic drugs.

Phytochemicals of Euphorbia hirta L. and Their Inhibitory Potential Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.

Euphorbia hirta L. is a medicinal plant widely used in the Philippines and across tropical Asia against various diseases, including respiratory disorders. In this study, the phytochemical components of E. hirta were investigated in silico for their potential to inhibit the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) drug target that plays a critical role in the infection process of SARS-CoV-2. Phytochemical mining in tandem with virtual screening (PM-VS) was the strategy implemented in this study, which allows efficient preliminary in silico assessment of the COVID-19 therapeutic potential of the reported phytochemicals from the plant. The main rationale for considering E. hirta in the investigation was its reported efficacy against respiratory disorders. It is very promising to investigate the phytochemicals of E. hirta for their potential efficacy against diseases, such as COVID-19, that also target the respiratory system. A total of 298 E. hirta phytochemicals were comprehensively collected from the scientific literature. One hundred seventy of these phytochemicals were computed through molecular docking and were shown to have comparable or better binding properties (promising inhibitors) toward SARS-CoV-2 Mpro than known in vitro inhibitors. In connection to our previous work considering different medicinal plants, antiviral compounds were also rediscovered from the phytochemical composition of E. hirta. This finding provides additional basis for the potential of the plant (or its phytochemicals) as a COVID-19 therapeutic directly targeting drug targets such as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and/or addressing respiratory-system-related symptoms. The study also highlights the utility of PM-VS, which can be efficiently implemented in the preliminary steps of drug discovery and development.