Eudragit E100 Research Articles

Fiber materials based on amine-containing copolymer Eudragit® for radioanalytical applications

The physicochemical properties of fine fiber materials Eudragit® [amine-containing methylbutyl methacrylate copolymer Eudragit E (Ed-E) and quaternary salt dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternary salt copolymer Eudragit RS (Ed-RS)] were studied in radionuclide adsorption and flocculation for radioanalytical applications. The ultrafine fibers of Eudragit® were prepared by electrospinning from Ed-E and Ed-RS solutions. Here, we report data on interactions of radionuclides, such as 233U, 239Pu, 241Am, 152,154Eu, 90Sr, and 90Y, with Ed-E and Ed-RS in 5 g/l sodium nitrate, sulfate, and carbonate solutions. The copolymer Ed-E was shown to be a scavenger of 233U, 239Pu, 241Am, and 152,154Eu in trace quantities. Flocculation experiments demonstrated that coprecipitation of Ed-E together with Am(III) and Eu(III) allows the separation of this pair in a 200 g/l NaNO3 solution.

Storage stability and solubilization ability of HPMC in curcumin amorphous solid dispersions formulated by Eudragit E100

The present study elucidated the advantages of using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E5 (HPMC) as auxiliary excipient in maintaining storage stability and solubilization ability for curcumin amorphous solid dispersion (Cur ASDs) formulated by Eudragit E100 (E100). Polarized light microscopy and in vitro dissolution experiment was applied for confirming the ability of HPMC on inhibiting crystallization thereby maintaining storage stability in Cur ASDs. Meanwhile, as a non-ionic surfactant, HPMC can form micelles in pH 1.0 hydrochloric acid and played a role in solubilization ability on Cur. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), molar solubilization ratio (MSR) and micelle-water partition coefficient Kmc of surfactants (HPMC, E100/HPMC 1:1 and E100/HPMC 6:1) in pH 1.0 hydrochloric acid were calculated to determine the solubilization ability of surfactants. The results showed that the solubilization ability of E100/HPMC 6:1 was the best and the solubilization mechanism of E100/HPMC 6:1 was also different from HPMC and E100/HPMC 1:1.

Time-dependent phase separation of amorphous solid dispersions: Implications for accelerated stability studies

Freshly prepared amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) may not be in an equilibrium mixed state, as high-temperatures and/or solvents are generally used during their preparation. In this study, tolbutamide (TLB) and acetaminophen (AAP) were transformed into ASDs using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate, Eudragit E100 (E100), Soluplus, and Kollidon VA64 using the melt-quench method to observe their phase stability at 5, 25, 40, and 60 °C. Time-dependent phase separation was observed for all the drug and excipient combinations under all investigated storage conditions. The phase separation of the E100/TLB and Soluplus/TLB ASDs was faster under high-temperature storage conditions, whereas the opposite trend was observed with the other ASDs. In the above-mentioned stability studies, phase separation kinetics of the E100/TLB and Soluplus/TLB ASDs appeared to be dominated by molecular mobility due to the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of both the drug and polymer, whereas departure from equilibrium was a dominating factor for the other ASDs. The Tg of the mixed phase just after preparation could be used as an indicator for predicting phase separation after long-term storage, as the mixing ratio calculated from the Tg was in agreement with that after storage for certain ASDs.

Solid-State NMR Investigation of Drug-Excipient Interactions and Phase Behavior in Indomethacin-Eudragit E Amorphous Solid Dispersions.

To investigate the nature of drug-excipient interactions between indomethacin (IMC) and methacrylate copolymer Eudragit® E (EE) in the amorphous state, and evaluate the effects on formulation and stability of these amorphous systems. Amorphous solid dispersions containing IMC and EE were spray dried with drug loadings from 20% to 90%. PXRD was used to confirm the amorphous nature of the dispersions, and DSC was used to measure glass transition temperatures (Tg). 13C and 15N solid-state NMR was utilized to investigate changes in local structure and protonation state, while 1H T1 and T1ρ relaxation measurements were used to probe miscibility and phase behavior of the dispersions. Tg values for IMC-EE solid dispersions showed significant positive deviations from predicted values in the drug loading range of 40-90%, indicating a relatively strong drug-excipient interaction. 15N solid-state NMR exhibited a change in protonation state of the EE basic amine, with two distinct populations for the EE amine at -360.7ppm (unprotonated) and -344.4ppm (protonated). Additionally, 1H relaxation measurements showed phase separation at high drug load, indicating an amorphous ionic complex and free IMC-rich phase. PXRD data showed all ASDs up to 90% drug load remained physically stable after 2years. 15N solid-state NMR experiments show a change in protonation state of EE, indicating that an ionic complex indeed forms between IMC and EE in amorphous solid dispersions. Phase behavior was determined to exhibit nanoscale phase separation at high drug load between the amorphous ionic complex and excess free IMC.

Eudragit E100 Nanofibers Fabricated with Varied Solvent Mixtures as the Sheath Working Fluids During Electrospinning

It is still a big concern that how to manipulate the nanofibers’ diameters in an accurate manner. The most recently reported modified coaxial electrospinning, where un-spinnable solvent could be tried as a sheath fluid, is a potential method to achieve this goal. In this study, with Eudragit E100 at a concentration of 15 wt. % in a mixture of ethanol/N, N-dimethylformamide with a volume ratio of 8:2 as the core fluid, a varied of mixed organic solvents were exploited as the sheath fluids to manipulate the sizes of electrospun Eudragit nanofibers. The scanning electron microscopic results demonstrated that the nanofibers’ diameter (D, μm) had a clear exponential relationship with the DMF content (C, %) in the sheath mixtures as D=1.434 - 0.023 C (R=-0.9976) within a rage between 0% to 30%. The microformation mechanism was suggested. The present investigations paved a new way for implementing the modified coaxial processes, which can be utilized to manipulate the diameters of nanofibers robustly and stably.

Molecular-level elucidation of saccharin-assisted rapid dissolution and high supersaturation level of drug from Eudragit® E solid dispersion

In this work, the effect of saccharin (SAC) addition on the dissolution and supersaturation level of phenytoin (PHT)/Eudragit® E (EUD-E) solid dispersion (SD) at neutral pH was examined. The PHT/EUD-E SD showed a much slower dissolution of PHT compared to the PHT/EUD-E/SAC SD. EUD-E formed a gel layer after the dispersion of the PHT/EUD-E SD into an aqueous medium, resulting in a slow dissolution of PHT. Pre-dissolving SAC in the aqueous medium significantly improved the dissolution of the PHT/EUD-E SD. Solid-state 13C NMR measurements showed an ionic interaction between the tertiary amino group of EUD-E and the amide group of SAC in the EUD-E gel layer. Consequently, the ionized EUD-E could easily dissolve from the gel layer, promoting PHT dissolution. Solution-state 1H NMR measurements revealed the presence of ionic interactions between SAC and the amino group of EUD-E in the PHT/EUD-E/SAC solution. In contrast, interactions between PHT and the hydrophobic group of EUD-E strongly inhibited the crystallization of the former from its supersaturated solution. The PHT supersaturated solution was formed from the PHT/EUD-E/SAC SD by the fast dissolution of PHT and the strong crystallization inhibition effect of EUD-E after aqueous dissolution.

Formulation and evaluation of sustained released buccoadhesive tablets of Itraconazole

The aim of present research was to report the buccoadhesive tablet of itraconazole to provide localized delivery of drug for the treatment of oral thrush and maintain the drug concentration in the mouth for prolonged period of time thereby improving the oral bioavailability of drug. Buccoadhesive tablet is a sustained release of itraconazole for easy permeation across buccal mucosa and provide a local delivery concentration that may or may not be sufficient to maintain MIC to kill the microorganism. Solid dispersion of itraconazole was prepared by solvent evaporation technique using silica gel act as adsorbent and drug was soluble in chloroform to obtain a slurry or uniform mixture. The buccoadhesive tablet was prepared by direct compression method using different polymers such as Carbopol(C934P), HPMC K4M, Eudragit E100. Five formulations of different concentrations were prepared. Itraconazole strength were kept constant at 30mg and target was fixed at 120mg. After examine the moisture content, bulk density, tapped density, Angle of repose of powder blend get the result were found to be prescribed limit and indicated good flow property. Then the tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, drug content, friability, swelling index, In-vitro drug release.

Impact of HPMC on inhibiting crystallization and improving permeability of curcumin amorphous solid dispersions

The purpose of this paper was to elucidate the impacts of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose E5 as assistant excipient on inhibiting crystallization and improving membrane permeability in curcumin amorphous solid dispersions that formulated by Eudragit E100. Intermolecular interactions formed between curcumin and polymers were probed using in situ Raman imaging and infrared spectroscopy. The abilities of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose E5 in inhibiting crystallization and improving membrane permeability were confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis and in vitro permeability experiment. The results demonstrated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose E5 was significant in maintaining the amorphous drug concentration owing to the hydrogen bond interactions formed with curcumin, rending its ability to inhibit crystallization by reducing drug droplet size. Furthermore, the addition of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose E5 in curcumin amorphous solid dispersions promoted drug membrane permeability through lowering the order level of phospholipid bilayer layer.

Potential of Cationic-Polymeric Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery of Naringenin: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations

The objective of the study was to improve the bioavailability and anticancer potential of naringenin (NRG) by developing a drug-loaded polymeric nanodelivery system. NRG-loaded eudragit E100 nanoparticle (NRG-EE100-NPs) system was developed and physicochemically characterized. In vivo pharmacokinetic and in vitro cytotoxicity abilities of the NRG-EE100-NPs were investigated. In vivo anticancer activity was evaluated in murine BALB/c mice-bearing colorectal tumor. The NRG-EE100-NPs had an optimum mean particle size (430.42 ± 5.78 nm), polydispersity index (0.283 ± 0.089) with percent entrapment efficiency (68.83 ± 3.45%). The NRG-EE100-NPs demonstrated significant higher bioavailability (∼96-fold; p <0.05) as well as cytotoxicity (∼16-fold; p <0.001) as compared to free NRG. Furthermore, NRG-EE100-NPs indicated significant tumor suppression (p <0.01) subsequently improvement in survival rate compared to free NRG in vivo. Thus, the physicochemical properties and colorectal cancer efficacy of NRG were improved by successful encapsulating in cationic-polymeric nanoparticle system.

Particle engineering for intracellular delivery of vancomycin to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected macrophages

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a serious threat to the public health. MRSA is particularly difficult to treat when it invades host cells and survive inside the cells. Although vancomycin is active against MRSA, it does not effectively kill intracellular MRSA due to the molecular size and polarity that limit its cellular uptake. To overcome poor intracellular delivery of vancomycin, we developed a particle formulation (PpZEV) based on a blend of polymers with distinct functions: (i) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA, P) serving as the main delivery platform, (ii) polyethylene glycol-PLGA conjugate (PEG-PLGA, p) to help maintain an appropriate level of polarity for timely release of vancomycin, (iii) Eudragit E100 (a copolymer based on dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate, E) to enhance vancomycin encapsulation, and (iv) a chitosan derivative called ZWC (Z) to trigger pH-sensitive drug release. PpZEV NPs were preferentially taken up by the macrophages due to its size (500–1000nm) and facilitated vancomycin delivery to the intracellular pathogens. Accordingly, PpZEV NPs showed better antimicrobial activity than free vancomycin against intracellular MRSA and other intracellular pathogens. When administered intravenously, PpZEV NPs rapidly accumulated in the liver and spleen, the target organs of intracellular infection. Therefore, PpZEV NPs is a promising carrier of vancomycin for the treatment of intracellular MRSA infection.

Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Taste-Masked Ondansetron Hydrochloride by Solid Dispersion

Ondansetron hydrochloride (ONH) is a very bitter, potent antiemetic drug used for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of chemotherapy or radiotherapy or postoperative induced emesis. The objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate of taste masked fast dissolving tablet (FDTs) of ONH to increase patient compliance. ONH taste masked granules were prepared by solid dispersion technique using Eudragit E100 polymer as an inert carrier. Solvent evaporation and fusion melting methods were used for such preparation. Completely taste masking with zero release of drug in phosphate buffer pH 6.8was obtained from granules prepared by solvent evaporation method using drug: polymer ratio of 1:2, from which four formulas pass pre-compression evaluation and compressed to FDTs and evaluated for their drug content, in-vitro disintegration time, in-vivo disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro drug release profile. F7 which is prepared from solid dispersion product equivalent to the required dose of ONH , Crosspovidone as superdisintegrant, Aspartame as sweetener ,Ross berry as flavor ,Polyvinylpyrolidone K30.3.as binder ,Avicil PH102 and , mannitol as diluents give best in- vitro, in-vivo disintegration time and best drug release profile. Key words: Ondansetron hydrochloride, taste masking, solid dispersion, Eudragit E100.

Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Taste-Masked Ondansetron Hydrochloride by Solid Dispersion

Ondansetron hydrochloride (ONH) is a very bitter, potent antiemetic drug used for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of chemotherapy or radiotherapy or postoperative induced emesis. The objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate of taste masked fast dissolving tablet (FDTs) of ONH to increase patient compliance.&#x0D; ONH taste masked granules were prepared by solid dispersion technique using Eudragit E100 polymer as an inert carrier. Solvent evaporation and fusion melting methods were used for such preparation.&#x0D; Completely taste masking with zero release of drug in phosphate buffer pH 6.8was obtained from granules prepared by solvent evaporation method using drug: polymer ratio of 1:2, from which four formulas pass pre-compression evaluation and compressed to FDTs and evaluated for their drug content, in-vitro disintegration time, in-vivo disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro drug release profile.&#x0D; F7 which is prepared from solid dispersion product equivalent to the required dose of ONH , Crosspovidone as superdisintegrant, Aspartame as sweetener ,Ross berry as flavor ,Polyvinylpyrolidone K30.3.as binder ,Avicil PH102 and , mannitol as diluents give best in- vitro, in-vivo disintegration time and best drug release profile.&#x0D; Key words: Ondansetron hydrochloride, taste masking, solid dispersion, Eudragit E100.

Engineering Synergistically Active and Bioavailable Cost-effective Medicines for Neglected Tropical Diseases; The Role of Excipients.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease responsible for the ninth largest disease burden in the world threatening 350 million people mostly in developing countries. The lack of efficacy, severe adverse effects, long duration, high cost and parenteral administration of the current therapies result in poor patient compliance and emergence of resistance. Leishmaniasis' unmet need for safer, affordable and more effective treatments is only partly addressed by today's global health product pipeline that focuses on products amenable to rapid clinical development, mainly by reformulating or repurposing existing drugs for new uses. Excipients are necessary for ensuring the stability and bioavailability of currently available antileishmaniasis drugs which in their majority are poorly soluble or have severe side-effects. Thus, selection of excipients that can ensure bioavailability and safety as well as elicit a synergistic effect against the Leishmania parasites without compromising safety will result in a more efficacious, safe and fast to market medicine. We have evaluated the in vitro activity of 30 commercially available generally regarded as safe (GRAS) excipients against different Leishmania spp., their cytotoxicity and potential use for inclusion in novel formulations. Amongst the tested excipients, the compounds with higher selectivity index were Eudragit E100 (cationic triblock copolymer of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate), CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cationic), lauric acid, Labrasol(non-ionic, caprylocaproyl polyoxyl- 8 glycerides) and sodium deoxycholate. An ideal excipient need to possess amphiphilic nature with ionic/polar groups and possess a short or medium fatty acid chain such as lauric (C12), capric C10) or caprylicacid (C8). Inclusion of these excipients and identification of the optimal combination of drug and excipients would lead to a more effective and safer antileishmanial therapies.

Anti-biofilm properties of a mupirocin spray formulation against Escherichia coli wound infections

Mupirocin ointment is a widely used topical drug for the treatment of bacterial skin infections. However, ointments have some limitations which motivated the development of a film forming spray of mupirocin. Mupirocin spray (2%) was formulated with Eudragit E100 as a film forming agent and tested for its antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities against Escherichia coli, a skin pathogen causing wound and surgical site infections. Treatment with mupirocin spray resulted in significant antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities (inhibition and disruption) with single spray and sub-actual dose concentrations at par with the commercial ointment concentration. The spray formulation was found to be non-toxic to fibroblast cells and greatly resisted removal from the site of application upon washing, in contrast to the ointment which was significantly removed after a single wash. This is the first study to develop and evaluate a spray formulation for mupirocin that forms a stable thin film for sustained release of the drug.

Development of a topical mupirocin spray for antibacterial and wound-healing applications

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop mupirocin topical spray using Eudragit E100 as a film-forming agent for the treatment of bacterial skin infections as well as to promote wound healing.Materials and methods: Twenty-seven of mupirocin formulations were formulated containing Eudragit E100 and other excipients. Mupirocin spray was prepared by aerosol crimping and filling machine using HFA-134a as a propellant. The formulations were evaluated for their stability and physicochemical properties. The factorial study was applied to evaluate the effects of glycerol and PEG400 on mupirocin-loaded Eudragit E100 films. The optimized formulation was assessed of drug release, antibacterial activities and in vitro cell line studies in comparison to the ointment formulation.Results and discussion: Mupirocin sprays were formulated and optimized to obtain the formulation with excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties of the dressing film. The formulation had an excellent stability up to a year with more than 80% of mupirocin content. Mupirocin was released from the film up to 90% within 2 h. The formulation had a potent antibacterial effect against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The formulation was safe to use as a topical formulation that had no toxicity to keratinocytes, fibroblasts and monocytes. The formulation also had an antiendotoxin effect without stimulating the production of NO and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α).Conclusions: Mupirocin topical spray was successful developed as a topical formulation and can be used instead of the ointment formulation. Animal experiments are warranted to further emphasize the safe use in the human skin.

A new blend of polymeric encapsulation of azithromycin by spray-drying with a pH responsive in drug release

ABSTRACTThe microencapsulation of macrolides with polymers has been reported to retard the release of the drug in oral cavity. However, these methods are unable to control drug release in gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of formulation of a new polymeric encapsulation of azithromycin which is suitable for both masking and sustained release usage. Eudragit E100 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 were chosen as the barrier coatings. The spray drying technique was used to obtain the microcapsules containing azithromycin. To obtain the initial results, the effects of several parameters were evaluated. A 3:2:1 ratio of E100:PEG 4000:azithromycin at pH 6 gave the best coating condition. Thermogravimetric analysis and IR analysis data confirmed the encapsulation of azithromycin inside polymers. The encapsulated drug was released in different rates from the particles by changing the pH (1.7 and 7.4). An analysis of the kinetic release properties indicates that the release of the drug is a combination of swelling and diffusion mechanism. The synergistic cooperation between polymers and drug due to the existence of several hydrogen bonding is supposed to influence the pH-responsive property of the encapsulated drug. Moreover, the use of mixtures of E100 and PEG 4000 appears to offer a good balance between cost and efficiency.

Optimized furosemide taste masked orally disintegrating tablets

Optimized orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) containing furosemide (FUR) were prepared by direct compression method. Two factors, three levels (32) full factorial design was used to optimize the effect of taste masking agent (Eudragit E100; X1) and superdisintegarant; croscarmellose sodium (CCS; X2) on tablet properties. A composite was prepared by mixing ethanolic solution of FUR and Eudragit E100 with mannitol prior to mixing with other tablet ingredients. The prepared ODTs were characterized for their FUR content, hardness, friability and wetting time. The optimized ODT formulation (F1) was evaluated in term of palatability parameters and the in vivo disintegration. The manufactured ODTs were complying with the pharmacopeia guidelines regarding hardness, friability, weight variation and content. Eudragit E100 had a very slightly enhancing effect on tablets disintegration. However, the effects of both Eudragit E100 (X1) and CCS (X2) on ODTs disintegration time (Y1) were insignificant (p>0.05). Moreover, X1 exhibited antagonistic effect on the dissolution after 5 and 30min (D5 and D30, respectively), but only its effect on D30 is significant (p=0.0004). Furthermore, the optimized ODTs formula showed good to acceptable taste in term of palatability, and in vivo disintegration time of this formula was about 10s.

Polyelectrolyte Complex Based Nanocapsules Carrying Novel 5-Nitroindazole Thiazolidines with Potential Use in Treating Oral Infections

The aim of this research was the synthesis of novel 2,3-disubstituted 1,3 thiazolidines, derived from 5-nitroindazole with antimicrobial activity and their encapsulation into polymer nanocapsules. Starting from previously synthesised hydrazones, there have been obtained novel thiazolidines by reaction with thioglycolic acid. The envisaged chemical structures were confirmed by spectral and elemental analysis. Two of the obtained thiazolidines were encapsulated into cationic Eudragit E100 nanocapsules, obtained by nanoprecipitation. In order to enhance drug release characteristics and particle stability, Eudragit E100 nanocapsules were covered with anionic polysaccharide (sodium alginate), thus forming a complex polyelectrolyte based membrane. The obtained nanocapsules presented a slower and more controlled drug release. The synthesized active principles, in free state and encapsulated into polymer nanocapsules, were tested for their acute toxicity and their influence on the development of model bacterial strains (Staphylococcus mutans, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus).

Rationalising polymer selection for supersaturated film forming systems produced by an aerosol spray for the transdermal delivery of methylphenidate

Film forming systems offer a number of advantages for topical and transdermal drug delivery, in particular enabling production of a supersaturated state which can greatly improve drug absorption and bioavailability. However the suitability of individual film forming polymers to stabilise the supersaturated state and optimise delivery of drugs is not well understood. This study reports the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the solubility of methylphenidate both as the free base and as the hydrochloride salt in two polymethacrylate copolymers, Eudragit RS (EuRS) and Eudragit E (EuE) and relates this to the ability of films formed using these polymers to deliver methylphenidate across a model membrane. EuRS provided greater methylphenidate delivery when the drug was formulated as the free base in comparison EuE because the lower solubility of the drug in EuRS provided a higher degree of drug saturation in the polymeric film. In contrast EuE provided greater delivery of methylphenidate hydrochloride as EuRS could not prevent its crystallisation from a supersaturated state. Methylphenidate flux across the membrane could be directly related to degree of saturation of the drug in the film formulation as estimated by the drug solubility in the individual polymers demonstrating the importance of drug solubility in the polymer included in film forming systems for topical/transdermal drug delivery. In addition DSC has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for determining the solubility of drugs in polymers used in film forming systems and the approaches outlined here are likely to be useful for predicting the suitability of polymers for particular drugs in film forming transdermal drug delivery systems.

Enhanced gastric retention and drug release via development of novel floating microspheres based on Eudragit E100 and polycaprolactone: synthesis and in vitro evaluation

Eudragit E 100 and polycaprolactone (PCL) floating microspheres for enhanced gastric retention and drug release were successfully prepared by oil in water solvent evaporation method. Metronidazole benzoate, an anti-protozoal drug, was used as a model drug. Polyvinyl alcohol was used as an emulsifier. The prepared microspheres were observed for % recovery, % degree of hydration, % water uptake, % drug loading, % buoyancy and % drug release. The physico-chemical properties of the microspheres were studied by calculating encapsulation efficiency of microspheres and drug release kinetics. Drug release characteristics of microspheres were studied in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid i.e., at pH 1.2 and 7.4 respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to reveal the chemical interaction between drug and polymers. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to study the morphology of the synthesized microspheres.