Copolymerization Of Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Research Articles

Conductive composites prepared via a propagating polymerization front

AbstractA novel material, a conducting composite with variable temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity, was prepared in a propagating front of an addition polymerization. Graphite and zinc particles were incorporated into an acrylamide‐triethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer. Specific electric resistance values of the materials yielded were measured at room temperature and also conductivity measurements were performed in the range of 20–220°C. The basic recipe was modified by doping the conductive composite materials with microscopic‐scale‐size particles of several inorganic and organic compounds, resulting in significantly different conductivity features of the composite. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to study the morphology of materials yielded. No percolative patterns containing zinc particles were found to support the conductive behavior of the composite. In accordance with to the modifying effect of doping materials we suspect that the acrylamide‐triethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer plays a specific role in the electric conductivity behavior of the composite material.

Selective Recognition of the Herbicide Atrazine by Noncovalent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

Molecular imprinting was applied to the synthesis of methacrylic acid−ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers specific for the herbicide atrazine. In toluene, these imprints bound atrazine with dissociation constant (KD) values as low as 10-6 M, and could be used for the development of a ligand binding assay for the detection of atrazine. The selectivity profile of the imprints for triazines structurally related to atrazine was comparable to those of antibodies. The substituent of carbon C1 is the most important feature determining the level of cross-reactivity, and the binding affinity decreased in the order Cl > OCH3 > OH > SCH3 (atrazine, the imprint species, has Cl at this position). No cross-reaction of structurally unrelated herbicides and other compounds was detected. Rebinding experiments in phosphate buffer containing 0.15% Tween 20 gave similar results. The polymers could be packed into HPLC columns and used for the separation of triazine derivatives. The potential uses of imprinted polymers f...

Thermal characterization of some cross-linked methacrylic adsorbents

The thermal decomposition of some homopolymers and copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylates and of acrylonitrile cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylates has been studied using pyrolysis in combination with gas chromatography and thermogravimetric techniques. The main pyrolysis products of hydroxy methacrylate homopolymers are the monomers and ethyl alcohol. The thermal degradation of the copolymers depends upon the nature of the comonomer. The hydroxy methacrylate units present in the main chain of the copolymer inhibit the formation of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate units, while acrylonitrile units favour their formation. Copolymers of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with hydroxy methacrylates have a higher thermal stability than the homopolymers, while copolymers with acrylonitrile have a lower thermal stability.

The influence of inert component composition on the porous structure of glycidyl methacrylate/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers

AbstractThe influence of the content of inert component in monomer phase on the parameters of porous structure (specific pore volume, Vs, specific surface area, Ss, total porosity, P, pore size distribution and pore diameter dp) of the copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate, GMA, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, EGDMA, obtained by suspension polymerization has been studied. The content of standard inert component (cyclohexanol/dodecanol) was changed by substituting dodecanol with one of the aliphatic alcohols with 4, 8, 10, 14 or 16 C‐atoms and by varying the ratio of aliphatic alcohol in inert component.The results obtained showed that it was possible by changing type and ratio of aliphatic alcohol in inert component to influence the parameters of pore structure of poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA) copolymers significantly and that by using tetradecanol or hexadecanol it was possible to obtain these copolymers with pore diameters larger than 200 nm.

The synthesis of [14C]SK&F 97426A. A novel bile acid sequestrant

SK&F 97426A (10), a 1% crosslinked 11-trimethylammonioundecylmethacrylate chloride ethylene glycol dimethacrylate co-polymer bile acid sequestrant, has been prepared in two carbon-14 labelled forms, namely in the 1-position of the undecyl side chain and the pendant N-methyl group. 11-Bromo[1-14C]undecyl methacrylate has been prepared and conditions developed for its small scale suspension polymerisation.

Synthesis and separation characteristics of strongly basic anion‐exchange resins prepared from different monomers

AbstractChloromethylstyrene–ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) copolymer beads (PCMS) and dimethylaminomethylstyrene‐EGDMA copolymer (PDAMS) were synthesized by suspension polymerization as noble polymer matrices. The chemical and physical properties of the quaternized resins (PCMS‐Q and PDAMS‐Q) were approximately equal. The characteristics of both resins were examined by high‐performance liquid chromatography using columns packed with the resins. These resins served as conventional anion‐exchange resins for small organic anions, but indicated markedly different retention for large molecular anions, namely, PDAMS‐Q retained proteins having a negative net charge, but PCMS‐Q did not. It was suggested that the chemical and physical structures on the external surfaces of ion exchangers are very important in ion‐exchange chromatography of proteins.

Synthesis and formation mechanism of porous 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate–ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer beads

AbstractPorous poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) beads cross‐linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) were prepared by the suspension polymerization of the monomers in the presence of cyclohexanol or toluene as the diluents. A 20% aqueous NaCl solution containing MgCl2 · 6H2O, bentonite, and gelatine was used as the water phase. In this way, spherical, highly swellable, and/or porous copolymer beads of sizes 0.1–1.0 mm could be synthesized at EGDM contents higher than 20 mol %. The copolymers formed in cyclohexanol, compared to those prepared in the absence of a diluent, exhibit a larger degree of volume swelling in water, indicating that most of the diluent remains in the gel phase throughout the copolymerization. Contrarily, toluene induces porous structures even at a very low degree of cross‐linking (41% porosity at 2 mol % EGDM). An interesting feature of HEMA–EGDM copolymerization in toluene is that the pore volume of the networks increases with increasing EGDM concentration up to 20 mol %, but it decreases again as the EGDM concentration further increases. The results can be explained with the differences in the solvating conditions of the copolymers depending on their EGDM contents.

Internal stress of epoxy resin modified with acrylic polymers containing functional groups produced by in situ u.v. radiation polymerization

To reduce the internal stress generated in cured epoxy resin by shrinkage in the cooling process from cure temperature to room temperature, three kinds of acrylic polymer were introduced by in situ ultraviolet radiation polymerization before the curing. They were polybutyl acrylate (A), butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer ( 95 5 , mole ratio) (B) and butyl acrylate-monoethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer ( 95 5 , mole ratio) (C). In the A and B modified resins, a heterogeneous structure with spherical shaped submicrometre domains consisting of acrylic polymers was formed. In the C modified resin, a heterogeneous structure with irregularly shaped submicrometre domains was formed. Further, in the B and C modified resins, microphase separation was observed in the domains. These results suggest that the interaction between acrylic polymer domains and the epoxy matrix increased in the order C>B>A modified resin. As a result of the modifications, the modulus and the internal stress of cured epoxy resin decreased effectively in the same order.

Internal stress of epoxy resin modified with acrylic polymers having crosslinks produced byin situ UV radiation polymerization

In order to reduce the internal stress of cured epoxy resin generated by shrinkage in the cooling process from cure temperature to room temperature, two kinds of acrylic polymers were introduced byin situ UV radiation polymerization prior to curing. Polybutyl acrylate (A) and butyl acrylate-monoethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer (molar ratio 95∶5) (B) were used as the acrylic polymer. In the A-modified resin, a heterogeneous structure with spherical submicrometre domains were formed. In the B-modified resin, irregularly shaped submicrometre domains in which the microphase separation occurred were observed. The modulus of cured epoxy resin decreased as a result of the modifications, and was lower in the B-modified resin than in the A-modified resin. Therefore the internal stress decreased more effectively in the B-modified resin.

Solute and penetrant diffusion in swellable polymers: X. Swelling of multiethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers

AbstractThe swelling behavior of copolymers containing 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and various multiethylene glycol dimethacrylates was examined at 25°C. These highly crosslinked copolymers show some hydrophilic behavior due to the hydroxyl groups of HEMA. Analysis of the swelling data indicates and anomalous water transport in the network, which depends on the degree of crosslinking attained according to the dimethacrylate comonomer molar fraction in the copolymerization feed. Thermomechanical analysis data were used to further characterize the network structure.

Immobilization of penicillin acylase on acrylic carriers

Penicillin acylase obtained from E. Coli (E. C. 3.5.1.11) was covalently bound via glutaric aldehyde to acrylic carriers crosslinked with divinylbenzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The best enzymatic preparation was obtained by using ethyl acrylate/ ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer. 1 cm3 of the carrier bound 6.4 mg of protein, having 72% activity in relation to the native enzyme. The preparation lost only 10% of its initial activity after 100 d of storage at 4°C. A negligible effect of immobilization on the enzyme activity at different temperatures or pH as well as significant increase of the stability of the immobilized enzyme at elevated temperatures were observed.

Preparation of functional polymer‐microspheres by suspension copolymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with hydrophilic monomers

AbstractA study was made of suspension copolymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) with some hydrophilic monomers (M2) to prepare gel particles having a large number and various kind of functional groups on their surface. Delayed charge of M2 to partially prepolymerized EDMA suspension resulted in the formation of favorable particles. The polymerization leveled off despite an appreciable amount of remaining M2 in the aqueous phase, and the amount of copolymerized M2 and the fraction of on‐surface M2 units depended significantly on the kind of M2 as well as the mode of M2 charge. These dependences were explained in terms of the partition coefficient of M2 between EDMA and water and the monomer reactivity ratio.

Photoelastic effect in three-dimensional networks of ethyl acrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers

Photoelastic effect in three-dimensional networks of ethyl acrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers

Crosslinked polychlorostyrene as an optically sensitive material for photoelastic stress analysis

The photoelastic properties of chlorostyrene-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers have been investigated. Thanks to the high segmental polarizability anisotropy of chlorostyrene and the possibility of regulating the crosslink density in the crosslinked polymer, these materials possess high optical sensitivity combined with a broad range of moduli of elasticity at the "freezing" temperature.

Mechanism of three‐dimensional polymerization of the system methyl methacrylate–glycol dimethacrylate. I. Determination of the structure of the three‐dimensional product

AbstractA method has been developed for determinationof structure of a three‐dimensional methyl methacrylate–glycol dimethacrylate copolymer by using NIR absorption spectrometry. The results show that it is possible to determine the content of pendant vinyl groups in the range of approximately 0.5–18% of the crosslinking agent in the monomer.