Oil Ethyl Esters Research Articles

Supercritical fluid fractionation of fish oil esters using incremental pressure programming and a temperature gradient

AbstractIncremental pressure programming was demonstrated to be an effective technique for increasing the yield of 90% pure allcis‐5,8,11,14,17‐ethyl eicosapentaenoate (EPA) in the fractionation of urea‐crystallized fish oil ethyl esters using supercritical fluid CO2. The fractionations, which also produced high purity allcis‐4,7,10,13,16,19‐ethyl docosahexaenoate (DHA), were performed using a column temperature gradient. In initial experiments, the maximum temperature of the superimposed gradient was 80°C, and processing pressures ranged from 1900–2200 psi. By reduction of processing pressures, comparable yields of EPA were obtained from fractionations in which the maximum temperatures in the gradient were 70°C and 60°C.

The preparation of triglycerides highly enriched with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids via lipase catalyzed interesterification

The preparation of triglycerides highly enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA in particular, via interesterification of cod liver oil and free fatty acid or ethyl ester concentrates catalyzed by an immobilized 1,3-specific lipase from Mucor miehei, is described.

Absorption of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish oil triacylglycerols or fish oil ethyl esters co-ingested with a high-fat meal

The absorption of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil triacylglycerols and fish oil ethyl esters consumed in a high-fat meal (44 g total fat) by male volunteers was measured and compared to values previously reported for consumption in a low-fat meal (8 g total fat). Absorption of EPA, but not of DHA, from fish oil triacylglycerols was significantly improved from 69% to 90% by co-ingestion with the high-fat meal. Absorption of both EPA and DHA from fish oil ethyl esters was increased three-fold, to about 60%, by co-ingestion with the high-fat meal, indicating that absorption of fatty acid ethyl esters is highly dependent on the amount of co-ingested fat.

Effect of Possible Interferences on the Extraction of 1-Butanol from Aqueous Solution by the Ethyl Esters of Soybean Oil Fatty Acids

Abstract The methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl esters of vegetable and tree oils are effective solvent extractants for 1-butanol from aqueous solution. Early applications of this process will probably involve bacterial mixed solvent fermentations of relatively impure waste and low-valued carbohydrates. Two types of materials, salts and solvents, could be expected to affect the extraction of 1-butanol from such industrial fermentation systems. The effect of four salts, three alcohols, and a ketone were evaluated using factorial experiments. Variations in NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2SO3, and KHPO4 from 0 to 0.15 M on the extraction of 0.1 to 4.1% 1-butanol from aqueous solutions at 25,40, and 55 C gave small changes in distribution coefficient. Mild increases occurred with increasing teperature and increasing NaCl, Na2SO4, and KH2PO4. Mild decreases in 1-butanol extraction occurred with increasing Na2SO3. Variations in acetone, ethanol, and 2-propanol concentrations ranging between 0 and 4% w/v at 25, 40 and 55 C gave s...

Effects of .OMEGA.3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on growth and tissue fatty acid compositions of maternal rats and their progeny.

The effects of to ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA; mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, ω3)] on the growth, tissue weights and fatty acid compositions of tissue total lipids in female rats and their progeny were investigated. Female rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 77-94g, were fed a 25% casein diet containing 5% of either corn oil (control), sardine oil or PUFA ethyl ester for 8-9 weeks prior to mating, and during gestation and lactation, and then for a further 2 weeks. The progeny were weaned to the maternal diet and then the latter was administered for a further 2 weeks. Dietary changes in the body weights of the dams were not generally seen, but the body weights at birth and growth of the offspring from the females supplied with the PUFA diet were inferior compared to those of the other groups. The fertility did not differ among the dietary groups. The weights of several tissues in the dams and the progeny increased in proportion to their body weights but not that of the progeny brain, which remained almost unchanged by the dietary fats. As to the fatty acid compositions of total lipids in the tissues, on the whole, decreased levels of ω6 fatty acids and increased percentages of ω3 fatty acids were found in the sardine and PUFA groups, the changes being greater in the PUFA group than in the sardine one. Such findings due to the feeding of PUFA were more remarkable in the progeny compared with in the dams. Eicosatrienoic acid (20:3, ω9) was almost completely undetectable in the tissue total lipids of all the dietary groups.

Soybean Oil Fuel in a Small Diesel Engine

SHORT term performance tests were conducted to evaluate crude soybean oil, crude-degummed soybean oil and soybean ethyl ester as complete substitutes for No. 2 diesel fuel in a small diesel engine. A longer term evaluation of the engine when using 100% crude soybean oil was prematurely terminated. Severe injector coking led to decreases in power output and thermal efficiency

Effect of Dietary Lipids on Growth, Tissue Composition and Metabolism of the Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)

Hatchery reared oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were fed six different diets for 30 weeks. The diets contained cod liver oil (CLO), corn oil (CO), corn oil and cod liver oil (1:2) (CO + CLO), hyrogenated coconut oil (HCO), ethyl esters of cod liver oil fatty acids (SF) or cod liver oil ethyl esters supplemented with cholesterol (CH). Data on growth and tissue composition imply that oysters have an essential fatty acid (EFA) requirement for both linolenic or omega 3 and linoleic or omega 6 series fatty acids, with the former playing a more significant role. The feeding study supported by a 14C-acetate metabolism experiment suggests that these oysters were unable to synthesize sterols and excessively high dietary sterol (1% of the dry weight of the diet) inhibited growth.

Ｎ‐アシルアミノ酸エステルの植物病原菌生育阻害作用

Nα-cocoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester DL-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid salts (abbreviation: CAE) was prepared by neutralization with pyrrolidone carboxylic acid after condensing fatty acids of coconut oil and L-arginine ethyl ester. Tests for protection of plant pathogens were performed because of wide antimicrobial action of CAE. As the results of investigation in laboratory, CAE in the medium had shown remarkable antimicrobial effects to anthracnose of banana, rust of broad bean, sheath blight of rice plant, black spot of pear respectively. Field tests were carried out and growth inhibitory actions to plant pathogens were clearly shown at such concentration as 500 μg/ml to chocolate or red spot of broad bean, 70 μg/ml to black spot of pear and scab of pear, 150 μg/ml to rust of pear, and 500 μg/ml to bacterial leaf spot of cucumber and downy mildew of cucumber. A slightly inhibitory action to powdery mildew of cucumber was also found.

A note on improved isolation of concentrates of linolenic acid and ethyl linolenate from linseed oil

SummaryLinolenic acid and ethyl linolenate concentrates (80–85%) have been obtained from linseed oil fatty acids or ethyl esters in 50–60% yield, based on linolenic recovery, by a single urea complex separation at room temperature.