Ethnic Perspective Research Articles

Social cohesion in psychiatry training in the UK More than a number game? – a secondary review

IntroductionWith the growing mental health concerns in the United Kingdom, it is undisputable that there will be a need for more mental health professionals, particularly psychiatrists. It has been estimated that there is 1 consultant psychiatrist per 12,567 people in England. The Royal College of Psychiatrists continue to call for a long term plan to address the mental health crisis by investing in psychiatric training and education.ObjectivesTo analyze the socio-demographic profile of doctors in training in psychiatry and change in demand over the last decade (2012-2021)MethodsWe carried out secondary review of the state of medical education and practice in the UK in 2021 report. We analyzed reference tables in the report pertaining to doctors in training in psychiatry by age group; gender; by ethnicity; and by place of primary medical qualification. The report included data for the period 2012-13 to 2020-21, which was analyzed. In addition, 5-year (2017-2021) and 10-year (2012-2021) trends were also available and included in our analysis.ResultsWhile in 2012, there were 1,370 doctors in training in psychiatry, the number had dropped marginally to 1,352 in 2021. While there has been an overall decline of 1.3% in the decade (2012-21), there has been a 11.1% increase (2017-21) in the last 5 years. A big change was noticed with respect to gender. While there were 670 male doctors in training in psychiatry in 2012, the number dwindled to 522 in 2021 (22.1% decline). A deeper analysis of the decline in the male psychiatry trainees reveals that the steepest decline has happened among male international medical graduates (389 to 131 or 58.1% to 25.1%). However, the 5-year trend for male doctors has been more favorable with a 10.6% increase between 2017 and 2021. Among female doctors on the other hand, there was a 18.6% increase from a baseline of 700 in 2012 to 830 in 2021. From an ethnicity perspective, there has been a sharp decline in the proportion of Asian or Asian British trainees, down by 33.9% (555 to 367) between 2012 and 21, compensated largely by White trainees, where a 50.1% increase (511 to 767) has been seen. There has been a significant fall in the proportion of international medical graduates taking up psychiatry training (down 53.5% from 677 to 315) in the UK. This has been compensated by a 58.2% (607 to 960) increase in those who had primary qualification from the UK.ConclusionsThe theme of the 31ST European Congress of Psychiatry: ‘social cohesion, a common goal of psychiatry’ blends well with what is needed in today’s psychiatry teaching and practice in the UK. With the role of culture and society well established in psychiatry, the pursuit for popularizing the profession should not be a ‘one size fits all’ approach but a more targeted approach to ensure that there is greater diversity among the available psychiatrists for patients to choose and benefit from.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Israel-Palestine Imbroglio- an Asian Minority Ethnic Perspective of the Formative Civilizational and Universally Instructive Humanitarian Lessons.

It is widely acknowledged that colonialism in many of the nations that are free today is solely responsible for the borders drawn arbitrarily creating a stark separation of the ethnic and sub-ethnic populations of societies with their primal co existential group separations. The Israel-Palestine region in the Middle East which was under the British sphere of influence before the end of World War Two, is one such case. It is a tragic one as large numbers of Palestinians especially, and Israelis have become victims of the imbroglio that had risen. There has been no lack of effort by the contending nations, the United Nations, the United States, the Palestine Liberation Organisation, a few Arab states and others, to end armed conflict and broker peace. The situation in the region remains tense. Israel has continued to build settlements in formerly Palestine land. The question of Israeli apartheidism and accusations of subtle attempts at ‘Judaising’ (conversion to Judaism faith) the Palestinian people have been voiced. Opposition and armed retaliation from Palestinian armed groups against Israel, and that of the state of Israel on the Palestinians have mounted. A perspective from that of the Asian marginalised, minority groups relating to the context of the Palestinians with the powerful Israeli state, can well be, that democratic PRINCIPLES and undertakings for equitable governance for all citizens constitute the constructive pathway for peace, stability and prosperity for one and all. Documented sources, researched theses and articles, and media reports on the conflict are the primary sources of data for this study. The conclusions that were derived were that the principle of full equality for the two contending communities is in question and that it needs to be upheld. Dialogue, allowing for the evolving of the spirit of co-existence, enabling secure futures towards ensuring legacies centred on humanitarianism for future generations, and for Israel and Palestine returning to the spiritual teachings of their respective faiths- to honour human life, can be the decisive factors for peace and stability in the above region.

Implementasi Total Quality Manajemen pada Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Gresik Menganti

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a starting point for an approach that assists Islamic financial institutions in improving service quality and regulates how the management control methods used are compatible with the management of financial institutions. This article wants to answer how the TQM concept is at BSI KCP Gresik Menganti and how TQM is implemented in that place. This research is a type of empirical research that emphasizes data collection directly from practice. The approach used by us is a qualitative approach. The results of our study are that the TQM concept in the research location emphasizes 1) friendly, courteous, and friendly service; 2) innovation is an initiative that implements solutions and wants to create added value; 3) role models, as actions and motivations that are correct and appropriate to implement cultural values; 4) professionalism, namely competence and responsibility, as well as innovative work, and; 5) honest, discipline, and consistency. In practice, BSI KCP Gresik Menganti implements TQM in the services provided which are pretty good, and most importantly the services provided do not look at who comes from both a race and ethnic perspective, the customers who come with various obstacles to BSI KCP Gresik Menganti.

Popluna: una dea sidicina in vesti greche

In the territory of ancient Teanum, the sanctuaries of Fondo Ruozzo and località Loreto have returned in fragmentary form two cult statues which, at a distance of fifty years between them, offer different images of the Sidician goddess Popluna. In Fondo Ruozzo Popluna is represented as a Greek goddess with a pig according to the Demeter model (late 6th century BC), in località Loreto as a standing figure with children on her shoulders according to the local model of the kourophoros (mid-5th century BC). The diversity of the two images is generally explained through the evolution of the Sidician culture towards an increasingly autonomous indigenous identity. In contrast to the interpretation of cultural phenomena in an ethnic perspective, the article explores the possibility that the representation of Popluna in Greek guise testifies the will of the Sidician élite to extend its network of relationships in the direction of the Tyrrhenian coast controlled by the powerful Hellenic city of Kyme.

Analysis of Marriage Customs of the Saluan Ethnic Perspective of Islamic Law in Banggai District

This study aims to analyze the marriage customs of the Saluan Tribe in the perspective of Islamic law in Banggai Regency. The analysis of this research includes the implementation of marriage according to the custom of the Saluan tribe, Banggai Regency and a review of Islamic law on the implementation of the traditional marriage of the Saluan tribe. The research used a qualitative method with data collection techniques used namely observation, in-depth interviews and review of written documents. The data were analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, data verification and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the implementation of the traditional marriage of the Saluan tribe in Banggai district begins with the Montoi date or determines the wedding date. Then, the marriage process is continued with exploratory (popitoi), proposed marriage (Monsodoi), marriage deliberation (Mobisalakon Saibatanggo). The final process of the traditional marriage of the Saluan tribe is escorting the bride (Menggundulkan Mangantokon) to the man to get married (Akad Nikah) and visit the parents-in-law's house (Mobilangi Tama).The traditional marriage of the Saluan tribe from the perspective of Islamic law is in accordance with Islamic law. When viewed from a maqâṣidalshariah perspective, the marriage process of the Saluan tribe also does not violate Islamic law because the purpose of the traditional marriage procession is to preserve life and property. This research contributes to people's understanding of the history or origins of the Saluan tribal traditional marriage tradition. Then this research can also contribute to the preservation of the customs of the Saluan tribe regarding marriage.

A Study of Chao Meng-Fu's Saddle Horse Painting from the Perspective of Ethnic Integration

The Yuan Dynasty was a period of multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, mutual exchange and integration in Chinese history. As a Han official who served in the Yuan Dynasty, Chao Meng-Fu's artistic style not only inherited the orthodox Chinese culture but was also inevitably influenced by the culture of minority groups in the Yuan Dynasty due to his political identity. This paper attempts to start from an ethnic perspective, select the theme of saddle horse painting, which was more popular among ethnic minorities, and study the relationship between the evolution of Chao Meng-Fu's saddle horse painting style and the great ethnic integration of the Yuan Dynasty, to understand the relationship between the transformation of Chao Meng-Fu's artistic style and social development, and thus peep into the cultural and artistic development under the background of ethnic integration in ancient China. To the research results, Chao Meng-Fu's early artistic career mainly consisted of learning and inheriting the traditional culture of the Central Plains, but after joining the Yuan Dynasty, his saddle horse painting and artistic thoughts were influenced by the culture and arts of different ethnic groups, in the context of the integration of various ethnic groups in the Yuan Dynasty, eventually formed an artistic style of "simple brushwork and divine spirit with high intention," thus contributing to the development of ancient Chinese art from the perspective of artistic development. The author hopes that through this research, it can provide some contributions to scholars who study this field in the future.

Dilemma and Resistance of “the Other”: An Analysis of Half of a Yellow Sun

The classical piece Half of a Yellow Sun, composed by Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie garners critical acclaim. Post-colonial perspectives such as diaspora, identity, and history have gained popularity among scholars; however, more comprehensive research is required. Grounded on post-colonial theory, this article attempts to present the dilemma of the “other” from the perspective of race and ethnicity and examines how the “other” resists and constructs their space for survival within the colonial discourse. Evidence suggests that Adichie, as the black and the Igbo, delineates the dilemma and resistance of the “other” to convey her firm racial, ethnic, and cultural confidence.

Betawi Ethnic Parents' Perceptions of Girls' Higher Education

This paper concludes that parents of Betawi ethnicity in Tangerang city area have different perceptions about higher education for their daughters. Some of the differences in perception include: 1) Considering higher education very important, because women when they are married and have children, the mother becomes the "first madrasa" for her children and the intelligent mother will give birth to an intelligent generation as well; 2) Consider it unimportant, because they assume that girls when married are more focused at home to be housewives; 3) Although many of the Betawi ethnic parents expect higher education in their children, many of them are at a weak economic level. In principle, this paper aims to photograph the phenomenon of reasoning of Betawi ethnic parents related to higher education for girls in Tangerang City. In its analysis, this paper uses a descriptive qualitative method that assumes that researchers are not only actors in the field but can also be the subject of research. This research is indeed considered less than perfect; therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research at least through this research to provide an overview of how Betawi ethnic perspectives concern higher education for their girls. A study that describes social phenomena in the perspective of ethnomethodology in Betawi society.

Kamusal söylemde olumlu benlik temsili: İnkâr stratejilerinin eleştirel söylem analizine Ekşi Sözlük’ten örnekler

In today's society, racial and ethnic biases / concerns can be shown in a variety of ways. Members of the majority group primarily shape public discourse by expressing their ethnic perspectives in various ways. They may show, hide, and/or deny negative feelings against minorities, immigrants, refugees, and/or the others. In this regard, the present study attempts to examine and explore denial of unfavorable ethnic attitudes, biases, and worries voiced in public discourse regarding Turkey's Armenian minority. Within the framework of the study, I will investigate what kind of denial strategies may be found in the posts (comments) under the headings "Ermenilerden özür diliyorum" [I apologize to Armenians] and "Hepimiz Ermeniyiz" [We are all Armenians] posted on Ekşi Sözlük "Sour Dictionary" (one of the largest collaborative online communities in Turkey) between 2007-2008 years, shortly after the assassination of Hrant Dink (a journalist and member of the Armenian minority group living in Turkey) in 2007. Accordingly, I will discuss the sample entries within the scope of Critical Discourse Analysis and Teun van Dijk's denial strategies, which aim to show how ideology and ideological processes reveal themselves as linguistic systems. Then I will present my analysis of the most frequently used denial strategies observed in these entries. I will examine the denial methods used in the text and determine how racial or ethnic biases and concerns (at the macro level) are expressed in the text through word choice, sentence structure, hierarchy, and context (micro level). In this way, we will be able to see macro-level goals in the text through micro-level structures.

Chineseness, situatedness, and what the Thai-Chinese see in Chinese dramas

Despite their great success in Southeast Asia, Korean dramas have been increasingly facing the challenges of reviving Chinese dramas. Through an online survey, we acquired a sample of 1096 Thai viewers of Chinese dramas and analysed their evaluations primarily from an ethnic perspective. In light of Uses and Gratification Theory, the results indicate that compared with other Thais, the Thai-Chinese attach more importance to the plots and meanings of Chinese dramas while attaching less importance to the fame, looks, and acting of the artists. Based on the findings, we argue that although the recent mainland Chinese dramas can help the Thai-Chinese make sense of their lives, unidirectional re-sinicization is hardly the only way. Rather than relying on cultural proximity and nationalistic sentiments to explain diasporas’ homeland cultural consumption, this study emphasizes both the situatedness of the diasporas in the host country and the evolving ways they connect to their homeland.

Employment precarity and energy poverty in post-apartheid South Africa: Exploring the racial and ethnic dimensions

This study examines the link between employment precarity and energy poverty from racial and ethnic perspectives. Data are extracted from a five-year panel survey from South Africa—a country noted for its high rate of racial, ethnic and gender segregation of occupations. Both employment precarity and energy poverty are measured using multidimensional indices. Our endogeneity corrected results indicate that employment precarity is associated with higher likelihoods of energy poverty, with racial and ethnic heterogeneities. These findings are consistent across different endogeneity-resolving techniques, alternative ways of capturing energy poverty, and robust to different cut-offs and weighting schemes used for the energy poverty index. Based on race, we find that employment precarity increases energy poverty more among Black South Africans compared to White/Asian/Indian/Other South Africans. Ethnically, the increasing effect of employment precarity on energy poverty is lowest among the Afrikaans/English speakers and highest among the Venda ethnic group. Labour income is identified as an important pathway through which employment precarity influences energy poverty.

On the issue of socio-cultural specifics of the development of running practices in Russia

The importance of research on the national specifics of running practices is due to the fact that in a global context, they allow us to identify the most effective of the proven forms of using running to ensure human well–being, and in an ethnic perspective - to better understand the cultural characteristics of a particular society. The subject of this study is the socio-cultural conditionality of diverse running practices that existed earlier and are still inherent in the population of Russia. The author defines their determination by various ideological complexes, social processes and actors, and also analyzes the variations and semantic transformations inherent in running activities in the dynamic field of national culture. The main conclusions of the study are: 1. In the mytho-religious public consciousness of antiquity (pre-Petrine era), legs as part of the bodily bottom had a negative connotation, which caused mainly negative labeling of running as an attribute of evil spirits. Competitive and ritual running practices were condemned as a manifestation of pagan games and ways to "appease" evil spirits, in carnival folk culture running was associated with the lower levels of the social hierarchy: children and women. 2. The Westernization of Russian society (the period from the reforms of Peter I to 1917) led to the applied use of running practices in military affairs and pedagogy. At the end of the XIX century, running in Russia became a kind of amateur sport, used for health-saving mainly by women, and in a competitive form it exists mainly in the male environment of the Western-oriented intelligentsia of large cities. 3. During the formation and development of the USSR, sports and wellness running was used by the state as an element of eugenics, a way of developing productive forces, a means of cultural construction and agitation. In the post-Soviet period, there is a commercialization, massization and humanization of amateur running in Russia against the background of the crisis of high-performance sports running.

Multiple stakeholder perspectives of factors influencing differential outcomes for ethnic minority students on health and social care placements: a qualitative exploration

BackgroundDespite considerable efforts there continues to be a degree awarding gap within the United Kingdom (UK) between the proportion of White British students receiving higher classifications, compared to ethnic minority UK-domiciled students. Practice placement elements constitute approximately 50% of most health and social care programmes, yet surprisingly little research exists related to the factors which may contribute to ethnic minority student placement outcomes or experiences. This study bridges this evidence gap by exploring factors influencing differential placement outcomes of ethnic minority students from the perspectives of key stakeholders.MethodsThe study followed a descriptive qualitative research design and was multi-disciplinary, with participants drawn from across nursing, midwifery, social work and the allied health professions. Participants from four stakeholder categories (ethnic minority students, academic staff, placement educators and student union advisors) were invited to join separate focus groups. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsTen separate focus groups [n = 66] yielded three primary themes: 1) recognition, which highlighted stakeholder perceptions of the issues [sub-themes: acknowledging concerns; cultural norms; challenging environments]; 2) the lived experience, which primarily captured ethnic minority student perspectives [sub-themes: problematising language and stereotyping, and being treated differently]; 3) surviving not thriving, which outlines the consequences of the lived experience [sub-themes: withdrawing mentally, feeling like an alien].ConclusionThis study presents a rich exploration of the factors affecting differential outcomes of ethnic minority students on practice placements through the lens of four different stakeholder groups. To our knowledge this is the first study in which this comprehensive approach has been taken to enable multiple viewpoints to be accessed across a wide range of health and social care professions. The issues and challenges raised appear to be common to most if not all of these disciplines. This study highlights the urgent need to value and support our ethnic minority students to remove the barriers they face in their practice learning settings. This is a monumental challenge and requires both individuals and organisations to step up and take collective responsibility.

Encarcelamiento masivo y violaciones a los derechos humanos: estudio ligado a personas afrodescendientes

The central thesis of this article is that in prisons the inmate population suffers, in general, and the groups excessively represented in them, in particular, human rights regressivity. From an ethnic perspective, the study method is documentary and focuses exclusively on Afro-descendant people as subjects of special protection, problematizing on three basic points, namely: the representative ideology of Afro-descendant people as criminals; the regressivity of human rights in the Americas as a fact that drives crime levels; and this situation doubly aggravated due to overcrowding in prisons as the norm.

Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education in Nepal

Nepal is a multilingual country consisting of 123 languages as reported by the census 2011 (CBS, 2012). Linguistically, all languages are equal. However, there are ideological differences among scholars and stakeholders of language. Critical theorists see language as a tool of dominating the minorities whereas utilitarians see language as a path from local to global world. From ethnic perspective, language is an identity and for politicians and activists, it is a means to activate people and a matter of ideology. For pedagogues, language of instruction has always been a dilemma and a sensitive issue. In this context, this review paper analyses the existing language policy of using mother tongue based multilingual education in Nepal, is just the continuation of assimilationist ideology in disguise and proposes language co-existence approach with a choice in language of instruction in policy and practice as a solution to maintain linguistic identity of ethnic groups. Furthermore, translanguaging can be used as a pedagogical solution in multilingual classrooms.

Ukrainian Folk Dance in Modern Interpretation by Youth: Contemporary Historiography from the Ethnic Perspective

The aim of the article is a dialogue between Ukrainian folk dance and its modern youth interpretation against the background of historiography. Sources of modern youth interpretation are rooted in respect for the spiritual heritage of the Ukrainian people, patriotism, demonstration of folk dance in festive and ceremonial culture, popularization of folk dance by motivating educational, professional, and creative activities. The strategy of research of Ukrainian folk dance is presented against the background of the project “Ukrainian rukhanka”. The study, popularization and preservation of dance traditions of Ukrainian folk dance in modern youth interpretation is a priority for research in art history, cultural research, pedagogy, history. Motivation to dance in the modern youth environment may be considered in the context of dance groups, ensembles, projects. We focus on the project “Ukrainian rukhanka” and on the historiography of the problem. Historical progress of Ukrainian folk dance in the youth environment was outlined with regard to the legacy of V. Verkhovynets, V. Avramenko, P. Virsky, Ia. Chuperchuk, as well as the amateur choreographic art and motivate trends in folk dance.

Feto-mone Gender Paradigm in the Culture and Architecture of the Dawan Tribe Settlement in Kaenbaun Village

This article aimed to show the existence of gender concepts in the culture and settlement of the Dawan tribe in Kaenbaun Village, as indicated with its strong presence in the everyday life of the community, including the formal and ritual aspects. The concept exists in the inner world and mindset of every villager and has also become the guiding element of their world view, behaviour, place arrangement, and living space structures. This study was, there, conducted using participatory observation based on the Husserlian phenomenology paradigm supported by the inductive-empirical and qualitative descriptive methods to discover and understand the gender concept as well as its application and background in the selected tribe. The results showed the fetomone gender concept has become a paradigm of the thought expressed broadly and consistently through words, behaviour, as well as place and spatial arrangements among the villagers. Its function and meaning were further clarified in relation to the life and settlement architecture of the people. The core principle observed to be behind the concept is the separation and integration of life elements in an intense and permanent mutualism symbiotic relationship. Therefore, it was necessary to research the concept, function, and meaning of gender in ethnic cultures throughout Indonesia in order to form a collection of knowledge on gender and spatial planning which is useful to the understanding of ethnic settlements’ uniqueness based on local or ethnic perspectives and their preservation.

Understanding housing inequalities in urban Pakistan: An intersectionality perspective of ethnicity, income and education

ABSTRACT Urban housing inequality is a major academic and policy concern in Pakistan, but empirical investigations and, in turn, evidence-based policy interventions are limited. This study examines the nature of housing inequalities and their determinants focusing on ethnolinguistic groups using a nationally representative household survey, where housing inequality is measured using two indicators: housing space usage (room per capita) and access to utilities (an index based on access to piped water, sewerage, cooking gas, and electricity). Results show that housing inequality by ethnicity is very high, and ethnic belonging, along with socioeconomic factors, significantly influences space consumption and access to utilities. Intersectionality between ethnicity, income, and education plays a crucial role in housing inequality. Balochi, Sindhi, and Siraiki communities have a lower potential for achieving adequate housing than other communities. To reduce housing inequalities, identified disadvantaged communities along with the economic poor should be targeted through housing policies and programmes.

Prevalence and early risk factors for bulimia nervosa symptoms in inner-city youth: gender and ethnicity perspectives

BackgroundResearch on risk factors associated with bulimia nervosa symptoms (BN) in ethnic minorities has been limited. This study adds to the existing literature by providing the ethnicity- and gender-specific prevalence of BN in US inner-city youth and by exploring the longitudinal associations between a clinical level of BN and early risk factors assessed one year previously.MethodsThe study was conducted on a representative sample of predominantly ethnic minority youth (N = 2794; 54.1% female; age 11–16 years old (M(SD) = 12.77(1.29)); 60.0% African-American, 26.1% Hispanic American, 13.9% White). Self-reported information was obtained on BN and early risk factors (e.g., depressive and anxiety symptoms, posttraumatic stress, somatic complaints). Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine the longitudinal associations.ResultsThe 3-month BN prevalence was higher in girls (5.1%) than in boys (2.3%) (ratio 2.22:1). Significant differences in BN rates were found between White and African American students (higher in Whites), whereas Hispanic-Americans did not differ significantly from either group. Individuals with BN had significantly higher levels of early risk factors one year prior.ConclusionsTimely recognition of BN and associated early risk factors is important for early prevention and intervention strategies.

THE TOURISM ETHNIC SPACE AND ITS SYMBOLIC INTERFACES

This article discusses the touristic ethnic space in an indigenous community located in the metropolitan region of Manaus. The study is based on the ethnic perspective, as a historical construction of the identity of a specific group of people, a social group that has a different way of life from the urban world. The research purpose was to analyze the absolute, relative and relational space of a touristic indigenous community, pointing out the territorialities that were built from the touristic activity. The methodology was based on an exploratory study, and the geographic constituency was the Sahu-Apé community, in which it was possible to identify not only the functional dimension, but also its symbolic dimension within the space formed by a set of unique symbols of the ethnic group, compared to other groups. For Haesbaert (2004), these mastery constitute the identity and establish the ways in which relationships are built in indigenous societies based on their ancestors. As main results, it was found that the identity of the Sateré people is configured in its most important object in the tourist activity, and the physical and symbolic space is the tourist product that has been built over time.