Ethnic Minorities In China Research Articles

The non-linear correlation between the severity of alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms in the Chinese Wa ethnic minority

ObjectiveThe aim of this research was to examine the association between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms in the Wa ethnic minority of China, a population where this relationship has been insufficiently explored.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a sample of 317 current drinkers from the Wa ethnic minority, a “direct fast-forward” group in Cangyuan County, between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Utilizing a multi-stage cluster sampling approach, participants were selected, each of whom exhibited an Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) score exceeding 0. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews employing a uniform questionnaire. Quantification of alcohol use was achieved through the application of the AUDIT, while the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 was employed to gauge depressive symptoms. The relationship between the severity of alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms was evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Subsequently, potential non-linear associations were scrutinized through the application of a smoothing plot.ResultsThe study included 317 current drinkers (196 males [61.83%]; mean age 41.78 ± 12.91 years), of which 94 (29.65%) exhibited comorbid depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for confounders, revealed that higher AUDIT scores were significantly associated with an increased probability of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.18, p = 0.008). The risk of depressive symptoms was notably greater in the group with alcohol dependent range in contrast the group at low-risk range (OR = 7.01, 95% CI: 1.66–29.62, p = 0.008). The smoothing plot indicated a J-shaped non-linear relationship with an inflection point at an AUDIT score of 15. To the left of this inflection point, no significant relationship was observed, whereas to the right, a positive correlation emerged (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.11–1.74, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe findings reveal a non-linear relationship between alcohol consumption and the probability of depressive symptoms within the Wa ethnic minority in China, with implications for the development of nuanced and effective treatment strategies tailored to this population.

Study on Ethnic Minority College Entrance Examination Extra Points Policies under the Perspective of Educational Equity

Taking Mianning County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province as an example, this paper analyzes the implementation of the ethnic minority college entrance examination bonus points policy and its impact on local education from the perspective of educational equity. Through the study of the policy background, implementation process and effect evaluation, the positive effects of the policy in promoting education equity and improving the education level of ethnic minorities are discussed, and the problems and deficiencies in the implementation of the policy are also pointed out. This paper aims to provide references and suggestions for the further improvement of the bonus points policy of the college entrance examination for ethnic minorities in China.

An Aesthetic Morphology Approach of Visual Identity on Dong’s Ethnic Costume

The Dong ethnic minority is one of the representative ethnic minorities in China, The Dong ethnic minority has their own unique traditional clothing, The Dongs’ clothing had a long history, they were made by hand by each Dong family throughout the entire process from planting, spinning, weaving, dyeing, sewing and embroidering and decorating. It plays an important role in the life of Dong people, especially in special occasions such as festivals. The Dongs’ clothing had been included in the fourth batch of representative items of national intangible cultural heritage in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Dong ethnic minority and Visual identity in Clothing. Symbolic interactionism was the Theoretical basis of this study. The study was a qualitative study that was descriptive and historical in nature. The results were written in a literary/text format. Data were gathered through inspecte of clothing, photos and video records from the library, museum and interviews. Using aesthetic morphological methods to study the components of the design elements of their clothing, A comprehensive interpretation of the role of costume in expressing and symbolising, defining and shaping identity is presented. The findings concluded that the form and style of clothing worn by the Dong people reflect their visual identity and aesthetics. It is hoped that this study will provide an important reference for future research in related fields.

Factors Affecting the Health of Ethnic Minorities in China: Enhancingtheir Ability to Counter COVID-19

Factors Affecting the Health of Ethnic Minorities in China: Enhancingtheir Ability to Counter COVID-19

Maternal victimization and neglected offspring: Child marriage, IPV and depression symptoms among Salar Muslim women

BackgroundChild neglect is prevalent in western rural China, yet there is limited research among ethnic minority communities. The Salar, a Turkic-Muslim ethnic minority residing primarily in western China, also face this specific problem. The group is deeply influenced by ethnicity, Islam and Chinese Confucianism, which in turn makes women vulnerable to child marriage and IPV. These victimizations, coupled with various life stressors, further complicate the challenges of providing adequate care for their children. ObjectiveThis study hypothesizes a relationship between child neglect and maternal child marriage, IPV victimization, and depression symptoms. Participants and setting201 married Salar women from five villages in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, China, were randomly selected to participate in the study. MethodA probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling approach was used to collect a random representative multi-stage cluster sample in 2022. Random effects Poisson regression models were used to test the hypotheses. ResultsThe participants reported a 65.6 % rate of child neglect and a 30.8 % rate of IPV in the past year. 37.6 % experienced child marriage. Results revealed significant associations between child neglect and child marriage, IPV, and depression symptoms. A two-way interaction between IPV and depression symptoms was strongly positively associated with child neglect. ConclusionsThis research indicates that Salar Muslim mothers who have experienced child marriage, adulthood victimization, and depression are at a higher risk of neglecting their children. The findings represent a valuable initial step toward researching and addressing the protection needs of women and children from Muslim ethnic minorities in China.

Digital memory construction in Lijiang

Purpose The ancient town of Lijiang is a representative place of ethnic minorities in China’s southwest border area jointly built by many ethnic groups. Its rich and diversified history, culture and architecture as well as its artistic and spiritual values need to be better retained and explored.Design/methodology/approach The protection and inheritance of Lijiang’s cultural heritage will be improved through the construction of digital memory resources. To guide Lijiang’s digital memory construction, this study explores strategies of digital memory construction by analyzing four case studies of well-known memory projects from China and America.Findings From the case studies analysis, factors of digital memory construction were identified and compared. Factors led to the discussion of strategies for constructing the digital memory of Lijiang within its design, construction and service phases.Originality/value The ancient town of Lijiang is a famous historical and cultural city in China, and it is also a representative place of ethnic minorities in the border area jointly built by many ethnic groups. The rich culture should be preserved and digitalized to offer better use for the whole nation.

Assessing the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire for pregnant women from the Chinese Miao ethnic group.

Currently, no food frequency questionnaire is available to be administered exclusively to ethnic minorities in China. This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a culturally tailored semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed for pregnant women belonging to the Miao ethnic group in China. A total of 74 questions in the FFQ were administered to collect dietary information from Miao women in China during their pregnancy. This study included 153 and 127 pregnant women, respectively, for testing the validity and reproducibility of the results. Baseline FFQ data (FFQ1) were collected initially, followed by the administration of a repeated FFQ 4-6 weeks later (FFQ2). Two 24-h recalls (24HR) were used as references to compare food groups and nutrient intake. Pearson/Spearman's coefficients were used to measure the validity and reproducibility of the FFQ. Quartile cross-classification, weighted kappa coefficients, and Bland-Altman plots were employed to assess the agreement. Most food groups and nutrient intake estimated by the FFQ were higher than those estimated by the 24HR. Food groups and nutrients' correlations for FFQ vs. 24HR after being energy-adjusted and de-attenuated, respectively, were 0.10 (vegetables) to 0.45 (grains/tubers) and 0.15 (iron) to 0.52 (riboflavin). Comparatively, correlation coefficients for FFQ1 vs. FFQ2 ranged from 0.41 (fruit) to 0.71 (vegetables) and from 0.45 (energy) to 0.64 (calcium). The percentage of pregnant women classified in the same or adjacent quartiles ranged from 64.08% (vegetables) to 95.29% (sour soup) and from 68.88% (vitamin E) to 78.81% (energy). Weighted kappa coefficients exceeded 0.2 for food groups and most nutrients, and Bland-Altman plots demonstrated acceptable agreement between the two tools. This study provides novel information on the validation of FFQ. It demonstrates that the FFQ exhibits ideal reproducibility and acceptable validity in estimating and ranking the intake of food groups and most nutrients among pregnant women belonging to the Chinese Miao ethnic group.

Impact of Perception, Satisfaction, and Penetration Rate of Commercial Cultural Tourism on the Sustainable Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of Xijiang Miao Village in China

The scarcity of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) has prompted many countries to apply it for the development of commercial cultural tourism (CCT). Owing to its traditional culture-centered development model, a contradiction arises between commercial development and traditional cultural protection. Whether the advantages of traditional culture outweigh the disadvantages or the disadvantages outweigh the advantages has also been debated. Results and discussions of the research in this paper are helpful to consider the commercialization of ICH rationally and promote the balance between CCT and the sustainable development of ICH. This paper selects a successful example of cultural tourism of ethnic minorities in China, namely, Xijiang Miao Village. The village has 15 Chinese national-level ICH projects and has successfully applied ICH for cultural tourism development. The questionnaire was designed and distributed in the region by referring to previous research results. IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used to verify and analyze the questionnaire data. Commercial tourism has been a new path for the innovative development of traditional culture, an inevitable trend. CCT can not only increase the enthusiasm for the dissemination of ICH but also increase the intensity of the excavation, protection, and utilization of ICH. The development of tourism has stimulated the development of the local economy. As far as it is concerned, CCT has brought more advantages than disadvantages for the sustainable development of ICH.

Traditional Ethnic Furniture in Tibetan Culture

Ethnic furniture is a kind of furniture unique to ethnic minorities in China. The furniture of various ethnic groups has unique features in structure, color, and pattern application. Due to its geographical, economic, and cultural reasons, ethnic furniture can carry and express culture through its own characteristics such as shape, color, and building process. Ethnic furniture includes Tibetan furniture, Bai furniture, Yi furniture, Dai furniture, Korean furniture, Mongolian furniture, Miao furniture, Uyghur furniture, and so on. This ethnic furniture has strong regional cultural and artistic characteristics, reflecting the national cultural connotation it represents. With the development of history and cultural characteristics, it can be said that furniture is another form of history. When one enters the home of the Tibetan people, one will be overwhelmed by the pieces of carved and exquisite cabinets, tables, boxes, and other furniture. Tibetan furniture is a part of the life of Tibetans, as Tibetans control the development and style of Tibetan furniture. Therefore, this paper studies Tibetan furniture, as it has great significance in Tibetan culture.

The Role of Lusheng Chinese Musical Instruments in Promoting Literacy through Educational Functions and Transmission

Lusheng is a traditional wind musical instrument cherished by various ethnic minorities in China. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of Lusheng Chinese musical instruments in promoting literacy through educational functions and transmission. Conducted in Guizhou Province, a region rich in ethnic diversity, this study employs qualitative methods and engages two key informants who are local artisans with interview and observation forms. The data analysis reveals multifaceted insights into Lusheng’s transmission and promotion. Findings highlight the challenges posed by modernization to traditional craftsmanship, emphasizing the urgency of preserving Lusheng production skills. The inclusion of Lusheng in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage list and the establishment of educational programs in primary, and secondary schools, and universities underscore the government’s commitment to safeguarding Lusheng culture. Moreover, the research underscores the transformative impact of modern media on Lusheng’s dissemination, and cross-cultural engagement is recognized as vital for expanding its influence. Balancing tradition and innovation remains a challenge. The study suggests collaborative efforts among government, academia, and society to develop a comprehensive conservation strategy, ensuring the continued transmission and promotion of Lusheng culture.

Shadows on Solar: A Teaching Case on the Role of Corporate Governance in Addressing Forced Labor Concerns*

AbstractForced labor continues to affect millions of people in the 21st century and worsened globally between 2016 and 2021. Notwithstanding its importance, the issue receives little attention in contemporary business school seminars. Using the recent case of Canadian Solar Inc., a leading solar energy company, this teaching case explores the role of corporate governance as a means of moving toward meaningful changes in the behavior of large, multinational corporations. The case delves into the allegations that the firm has benefited from forced labor by Uyghur Muslims and other ethnic minorities in China's Xinjiang region, exploring the board of directors' actions and a proxy proposal submitted by shareholders. Through this case, students will gain insights into the importance of robust corporate governance, accountability, and transparency in addressing sensitive issues like forced labor. The case highlights corporate governance best practices for companies to adopt, such as proactive board oversight, risk assessment, and transparency.

Equity and Access to Higher Education for Rural Uyghur Students in China: A Consideration of Policy and Structural Barriers

This article examines the impact of rural origin on higher education access among one ethnic group, the Uyghur, a Muslim minority group who reside mostly in China’s northwestern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR). The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with Uyghur university students, graduates, and the faculty who teach them. Since the time of the research, changes in China and in XUAR have impacted education policies, many of which had been developed to provide ethnic minorities in China with better access to higher education. This article discusses some of these policy changes to illustrate that the ways in which policy issues are framed also defines what constitutes the “problem” and thus also constrains the debate.

Research on Farming Culture of the Liangshan Yi Nationality

As the cornerstone of China's excellent traditional culture, agricultural culture carries a profound cultural heritage. As the sixth largest ethnic minority in China, Yi people provide abundant resources for the study of Chinese traditional farming culture. Through the research of agricultural vocabulary, we can explore the progress of Yi's agricultural society and reveal the unique agricultural culture of Yi people. Based on the previous research results, combined with the concept of cultural linguistics and other related disciplines, this paper classifies, sorts, analyzes and studies the existing agricultural vocabulary of the Yi people, excavates the rich cultural connotation behind the agricultural vocabulary of the Yi people, further interprets the cultural history of the Yi people, and explores the historical origin of Chinese farming civilization. In addition, the protection and inheritance of traditional farming words has far-reaching cultural significance, and helps to show the unique charm of the excellent traditional farming culture of the Chinese nation, enhance the sense of identity and belonging to the traditional farming culture, and contribute to the protection and inheritance of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

Emoji as a Non-Verbal Language Created for Jinuo Minority, China

The Jinuo community, officially recognized as an ethnic minority in China in June 1979, represents the final of 55 ethnic groups identified apart from the Han Chinese. This small group, notable for its lack of a written language and reliance on oral tradition, possesses distinct cultural traits. However, it currently confronts the challenges of Sinicization and potential cultural extinction. Larry A. Samovar, a renowned scholar in non-verbal expression, observed that in face-to-face interactions, verbal behaviors communicate only about 35% of social meanings, with the remainder conveyed through non-verbal communication (NVC). Additionally, the use of emojis as a form of non-verbal language (NVL) has gained significant global popularity in online communication. This research aims to explore the utilization of NVC in preserving Jinuo culture, particularly focusing on emoji communication. The study's objectives include a detailed analysis of the NVC practices within the Jinuo community, aboriginals' usage of emojis in communication, and the imperative of developing unique emojis as a NVL tailored for the Jinuo. The research initially developed 2 emojis that encapsulate key cultural symbols of the Jinuo, such as the Jinuo Big Drum and Birth Myths. The new design is intended not just for the Jinuo members but also to spark broader outgroup public interest in Jinuo culture, both among ingroupers and outgroupers. This investigation marks the first exploration into emoji creation specifically for the Jinuo, highlighting its potential as a tool for cultural preservation and awareness.

Analysis of the Uyghur Cultural Genocide

Despite the news coverage about the Uyghurs, there is limited information about historical events that shaped the Uyghur cultural genocide and how the crisis fits into the broader scope of ethnic minorities in China. This paper examines the role of Han Chinese ethnocentrism in the Chinese government's treatment of the Uyghurs. The Uyghurs have experienced an eradication of their way of life and evaluation of evidence from personal correspondence, diaries, speeches, and other primary and secondary sources, assists in deepening understanding of the genocide. Although the oppression is rooted in key events in the twentieth century, it was challenging to find primary sources due to CCP censorship and many documents written in Mandarin. Nevertheless, extensive research led to useful sources for analysis. The Uyghur cultural genocide is an important topic to study as it is a human rights crisis that continues to unfold today.

Preserving the Feitao Ritual in an Era of Globalization: The Heritage Ecology of Maonan Ethnic Minority in Modern China

This article examines the dynamics of the Feitao ritual, a traditional practice of the Maonan ethnic minority, within the broader context of globalization and heritagization in China. It addresses the challenge of preserving the cultural identity and memory of ethnic minorities amidst economic development imperatives, a dilemma common to many late-developing countries. By focusing on transforming the Feitao ritual from a communal practice to a performative spectacle, this study unravels the intricate process of heritage ecology within minority rituals. Utilizing a combination of ethnological fieldwork and interviews, this article explores the perceptions and approaches toward the post-heritagization of the ritual among the Maonan community members and policymakers. It also emphasizes on the evolution of the ritual into a significant tourist attraction, showcasing the performative transformation of religious practices by an ethnic minority in China. The central argument of this article is that this ritual is formed in ecological interactions; it also symbolizes a self-defense for the rights and a pursuit of recognition for a minority group. It has been a vital medium for the Maonan people to construct and uphold a positive self-perception. This study endorses a faith-aware and community memory-focused approach to preserve the cultural heritage of ethnic minorities. The authors contend that this approach is essential to safeguard the cultural memory and identity of minorities in developing countries like China against the homogenizing forces brought by globalization in China.

Profiles of identity and discrimination and the psychological, health, and academic outcomes of Korean ethnic minority youth in China.

Korean Chinese is one of the 55 officially recognized ethnic minorities in China. The protective effects of strong bicultural (ethnic and national) identities and the detrimental effects of ethnic discrimination on adjustment outcomes are well documented for ethnic minority youth in W.E.I.R.D. societies. Yet, ethnic minority youth in non-W.E.I.R.D. societies, such as Korean Chinese, may experience a unique form of discrimination-national discrimination. It is not known how multiple social identities and experiences of dual discrimination may intersect to predict youth adjustment. Thus, this study explored profiles of ethnic and national identities and ethnic and national discrimination among Korean Chinese youth and examined their psychological, health, and academic adjustment. The analytic sample included 267 Korean Chinese youth aged from 12 to 18 (M = 15.21, SD = 1.65) residing in Northeast China. Three latent profiles were identified. The dominant profile of Korean Chinese youth was characterized by high bicultural identity and low ethnic and national discrimination (BILD; n = 171). The second profile was characterized by high bicultural identity and high national discrimination (BIND, n = 50). The third profile was characterized by moderate ethnic and national identities and moderate ethnic and national discrimination (MIMD, n = 46). Regression analyses found that the BILD profile showed fewer depressive symptoms compared to the BIND profile and showed better perceived physical health compared to the MIMD profile. The findings highlight strong bicultural identities as a cultural asset and discrimination-particularly national discrimination-as a contextual risk to Korean Chinese adolescents' well-being.

Cennostnaya organizaciya i put' sohraneniya i razvitiya tradicionnoj fizicheskoj kul'tury malyh narodov v Kitae

This article briefly introduces the traditional physical of ethnic minorities, analyzes its significance, the value orientation and realization path of developing, and accordingly puts forward the realization strategy of the cultural value of traditional physical of ethnic minorities in China. Contemporary physical education (PE) class should dig deep into the educational value of traditional ethnic sports, so as to enrich the content of PE, improve the overall physical quality of students and promote the rapid development of traditional ethnic sports.

Unraveling the paternal genetic structure and forensic traits of the Hui population in Liaoning Province, China using Y-chromosome analysis

The Hui people are the second-largest ethnic minority in China, and they are distributed throughout the country. A previous study explored the paternal genetic structure of the Hui population in nine different regions of China, but it overlooked the Liaoning province. In this study, we examined the paternal genetic makeup and forensic traits of the Hui population in Liaoning province by analyzing 157 Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) and 26 short tandem repeats (Y-STRs). We successfully genotyped 282 unrelated male individuals from the Hui population of Liaoning province using the SNaPshot® single base extension assay and Goldeneye™ Y26 system kit (PEOPLESPOT R&D, Beijing, China). The results revealed high haplotypic diversity (0.9998) and identified 46 terminal haplogroups for the Hui population. Additional analyses, such as heat maps, principal component analysis (PCA), genetic distance (FST), Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis, and median-joining network (MJ) analysis, showed that the Hui population could be classified into three groups: Northwest Hui populations (NWH), including Liaoning, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and Henan; Hui populations from Sichuan and Shandong (SSH); and Yunnan Hui populations (YNH). Pairwise genetic distance (Rst) comparisons with other Chinese populations revealed that the Hui population displayed genetic affinity with the Han population. The comprehensive understanding of the Hui population in Liaoning province, explored by Y-SNPs and Y-STRs, can be utilized to interpret their genetic structure and enhance the accuracy of forensic databases.

Social and Economic Aspects of the Kuhmarim–Sehwalim Mazar in Khotan

Abstract Historical sources and recent data testify to the important role of the mazar pilgrimage in Uyghur daily life. The article deals with pilgrimage to Kuhmarim (alt. Köhmarim), a mazar ‘Muslim shrine’ close to Khotan, largely based on fieldwork by the authors who visited the shrine on separate occasions in 2009, 2015 and 2016. The shrine’s current status is unclear, but here we describe the pilgrimage as it was just before 2017. That was the year that the international community started receiving increasingly disturbing reports of the mass detention of Uyghurs, Kazakhs and other Muslim Turkic-speaking ethnic minorities in China. Given developments in the Uyghur homeland during the past few years, whereby hundreds or even thousands of mosques have been flattened to the ground together with the systematic destruction of numerous family tombs and holy shrines, this might be seen as a historical account of pilgrimage patterns, which still are not fully explored.