Ethnic Identity Research Articles

UNMET PROSTHODONTIC NEEDS AND ORAL HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG TRADERS IN AN URBAN KANO MARKET: A PILOT SURVEY

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Prosthodontic needs may affect oral health quality of life among subsets of an urban population like traders in urban markets. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the impact of unmet prosthetic needs on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) among traders in urban markets within Kano metropolis. Materials and Methods: Institutional Ethical approval was obtained. Study location was selected after a stratified sampling of available markets. A study proforma retrieving information on sociodemographic, prosthetic status and needs; and, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was administered on consenting participants. Retrieved data were summarized as frequencies, percentages and means. Prosthetic needs were quantified and assessed to derive patterns and odds ratios across participants sociodemographic characteristics. Rank Correlation and subgroup analyses were to assess the relationship between prosthetic need and OHIP-14 scores and how this is influenced by gender and age. Results: A total of 360 individuals participated in the study. There were 274 (76%) males and 86 (24%) females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 85 years with a mean age of 35.9 ± 14.8 years. A comparable percentage of participants were either married (48%), or had never been married (44.1%). Participants who identified as Muslim (84.7%) predominated, and Hausa/Fulani (69.4%) were the predominant ethnic identity. Many (48.1%) of participants had at least a secondary school level of education. About a fifth (79 or 21.9%) of the participants had a prosthodontic need. Unmet needs were present in 51(64.6%) of this segment of the participants. Females were more likely to have a prosthesis (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 0.90, 4.74). Prostheses were more common among participants 50 years or older (OR=7.49; 95% CI:1.50, 37.29) and were about 3.5 times more likely to be found in individuals who had at least a secondary school education. Mean OHIP-14 scores was 1.3±3.9 in those without prosthetic needs and 13.1±12.7 for those with needs. Prosthetic need influenced OHIP=14 scores in all tested domains (p<0.001). Prosthetic needs correlated with OHIP-14 scores (rs=0.64, p<0.001). The correlation between prosthetic needs and OHIP-14 scores was stronger in females (p<0.001) and with increasing age (p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a high level of unmet prosthetic need within the studied population. Prosthetic need was inversely related to Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Increasing age and female gender were directly related to prosthetic needs and prosthetic status.

The problem of identification in Ch. N. Adichie’s “Half of a Yellow Sun”

The article deals with the novel “Half of a Yellow Sun” (2006) by the African-American writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. The writer shows different components of the identification process in the modern multicultural world. The main historical event of the novel is the Civil War of 1967-1970, which took place due to political and ethnic struggle. It was caused by numerous attempts by the southeastern provinces of Nigeria to secede and form the Republic of Biafra. The novel shows how the interethnic conflict between the Hausa and Igbo peoples, and later the war, influence not only the fate of the characters, but also the peculiarities of their identification process. This process is represented by three components: ethnic, national and gender. Kainene and Odenigbo, whose ethnicity is formed and recognized with the emergence of a new republic, feel, first, not as Nigerians, but as Igbos. Therefore, they take an active part in the Civil War. British interest in the war is shown through the characters of Susan and Richard who demonstrate typical colonial attitudes towards Africans. However, Richard’s interest in African culture contributes to the process of realizing the ethnic identity of Ugwu who chooses a member of the African community for his role model. Olanna, representing a new generation of Nigerian women, destroys the traditional forms of gender relations in Nigerian reality.

Печоры: точки пересечения

This article discusses a border town of Pechory in Pskov Oblast and its surroundings. During the fieldwork for the project “People’s History of Russia: Crossroads of Local Civilizations” local residents were interviewed about significant periods in the history of the city and the uniqueness of the area. The focus of the article is on how the residents comprehend the border as a phenomenon (in spatial, geopolitical, intergroup, and other senses) and conceptualize the frontier as a local specificity. The paper reviews the particularities of the aforementioned fieldwork, which took place in the autumn of 2020, the toponymy and microtoponymy of the town where three ethnic identities interact, the conceptual frameworks of the state border, city branding through food and architecture, and the coexistence of two main conceptual frameworks: the primary one, “for our own and for others”, and the hidden one, “mostly, for our own”.

Familial and religious ethnic-racial socialization in promoting activism among Asian American Christians.

The adversity faced by Asian Americans (AAs) due to discrimination is a testament to the ongoing fight for human rights. At the crux of social activism, familial and religious ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) instills cultural values, ethnic identity, belonging to one's racial group, and a meaningful outlook, navigating generations through these challenges. This study examined the role of family and religion in amplifying social advocacy among AAs by assessing the relationship between race-related stress and social activism, as well as the mediating role of familial and religious ERS via a parallel mediation. Our research, utilizing a cross-sectional, nonexperimental design, involved 254 AA emerging adults identifying as Christian (Mage = 29.06, SDage = 7.55), sourced from Prolific (n = 203) and community sampling (n = 51). Linear regression findings revealed significant positive associations between familial ERS and social action (β = .226, p < .001), as well as religious ERS and social action (β = .085, p = .033). Nevertheless, parallel mediation analysis through bootstrapping demonstrated that neither familial nor religious ERS fully mediated the effects of race-related stress on social activism. These results underscore the significance of applying culturally imbued insights from different contexts to address discrimination within the AA Christian community. Scrutinizing these pathways can safeguard AA Christians, while promoting the amalgamation of Christian theology and psychological science. Future research should address the spectrum of beliefs and practices within Christianity that intersect with AA families and culture, unraveling the foundations of the call for social action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Advancing Multicultural Education in Indonesia: Insights from Amin Abdullah’s Perspective

This article examines multicultural education through the lens of Amin Abdullah, a notable Indonesian Muslim scholar. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, it reviews his works to elucidate his perspective. Abdullah’s ideas address Indonesia’s diverse social and cultural landscape, emphasizing intercultural understanding and tolerance, particularly in the post-Suharto era, marked by the resurgence of ethnic and religious identities. The article defines multicultural education and its goals, explores the influence of organizations like Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama on Abdullah’s thought, and discusses the implications for Indonesian education. It advocates for inclusive curricula, tolerance promotion, teacher training, and multicultural materials, while addressing challenges such as resistance from conservative groups. Integrating perspectives from other scholars, it offers a comparative analysis within the broader discourse on multicultural education, enhancing understanding of integrating cultural and religious diversity into Indonesian education, while noting potential limitations and practical application difficulties

ЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ КАРТИНА МИРА В РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ РЕКЛАМЕ

The article deals with specific features of the ethnical view of the world in advertising accounting for regional differences. The definition of the concept of an advertising text with regional differences alongside with the concepts of ethnicity, ethnic identity, ethnic worldview in regional media advertising are analyzed on the linguoculturological approach and are presented in the article. Some domestic and foreign views on the study of identity in general are highlighted; linguistic and nonlinguistic ways of explicating the ethnic view of the world in advertising accounting for regional differences are established. Observations of the ethnic view of the world of the people of the region in question in advertising texts as a special ethno-semiotic space that convey lore about the goods/services of the world through the prism of the culture elements of the ethnic group in terms of signs are made. It is concluded that advertising accounting for regional differences making an appeal to semiotics of the ethnic identity of the consumer provides some additional opportunities to stand against the destructive influence of globalization processes promoting the consolidation and maintaining the unique character of the cultures and the integrity of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ, КОНТЕКСТУАЛЬНЫЕ И ЦЕННОСТНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ СМИ В СИСТЕМЕ МЕДИА ЮГА РОССИИ

The article summarizes and categorizes various theoretical and methodological approaches to the concept of ethnic media, as well as analyses their place and role in the system of Russian media and that of the South of Russia in particular. The research reveals such contextual peculiarities of ethnic media as bilingualism, focusing on a specific ethnic community and meeting its needs, as well as creating and maintaining ethnic identity. Among other concepts, the predominant are traditional values, interethnic collaboration and preserving historical memory and culture. The principal values spread by the ethnic media of the South of Russia are interethnic cooperation, language preservation, as well as maintenance of cultural achievements and people’s identity.

Rational Value in the Identity Political Discourse of 2024 RI Presidential Candidates

In politics, discourse plays an important role as a stage for political actors to utilize language as a tool to build, reveal, or strengthen their power domination. Political discourse is a crucial element of political communication, providing a platform for political actors to utilize language to establish, reveal, or reinforce power dynamics. Repetition is a common feature in political discourse, often used by politicians to emphasize key messages and concepts. This research aims to identify and explore the various dimensions of identity politics, including social, ethnic, religious, professional, regional, gender, and cultural identities. This research will use the critical discourse analysis (AWK) method to process and analyze data. The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative. The data to be analyzed are the campaign speeches of RI 2024 presidential candidates delivered in the form of language utterances, especially focusing on grammatical relational values that reflect identity politics, obtained from YouTube social media. The data source comes from the video of the campaign speech of the 2024 RI presidential candidate uploaded on the Kompastv account on YouTube. The data collection techniques to be used include documentation, listening technique, and note-taking technique. Through the use of command sentences, the speaker gives instructions to his supporters to perform certain actions and aims to influence the listeners' behavior and actions. Meanwhile, the use of statement sentences reinforces a clear and unequivocal message regarding the social relationship between the presidential candidate and his supporters, emphasizing commitment and continuity in the relationship. In addition, the use of relational modality creates an atmosphere of hope and belief in the positive outcome of the struggle and the desired change, strengthening the emotional attachment between the speaker and his supporters.

Персуазивная роль этнонимов в испанском электоральном дискурсе

The article examines the persuasive impact of ethnonyms and ethnic categories on the voters in Spanish electoral discourse. In the modern world, the mechanisms of political communication are generating a growing interest. It is explained by the influence of political processes on all spheres of society, the fate of peoples and entire states, and the interests of every citizen. Therefore, political problems remain relevant at all times. The important role of electoral discourse, which has a pronounced persuasive effect on the voters, should be highlighted. When struggling for power, leaders and representatives of Spanish political parties, naturally, strive to establish trust, exert a certain emotional impact on potential voters and induce them to make the “correct” electoral decision, i.e. to vote for their party. It should be noted that persuasiveness has not only an argumentative, but also a manipulative component, forcing an addressee to act in the interests of the sender of the message. One of the persuasive speech mechanisms of Spanish electoral discourse is the use of ethnonyms in the election programmes of political parties. Ethnonyms contain valuable historical, ethnographic, cultural and linguistic information and, accordingly, cover the religious, cultural and historical spheres, as well as play an important role in intercultural communication. Ethnic identity includes the desire of peoples to preserve their identity, the uniqueness of their culture, language and worldview. Ethnonyms allow native speakers to identify their own traits and stereotypes. The essence of cultural, spiritual and political life is revealed through language. Thus, the study of ethnonyms and ethnic categories, as well as their functions in political discourse, is an urgent task of modern linguistics.

AGE DYNAMICS IN KUMYK-RUSSIAN BILINGUALISM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE VITALITY: LINGUISTIC AND SOCIOCULTURAL DIMENSIONS. PART 2

This article explores the linguistic and sociocultural situation of the Terek Kumyk linguistic community. Data for the study was collected in the fieldwork expedition in August 2023 in the village of Predgornoye (Mozdok district, North Ossetia - Alania). Vitality of Terek Kumyk is assessed through the age dynamics of Kumyk-Russian bilingualism. For seven age groups, their bilingual and sociocultural profiles have been identified. Linguistic generalizations were supplemented by the ethnological evidence demonstrating the role of Kumyk in establishing ethnic identity of the community. The study has demonstrated a relatively high status of Kumyk, with intergenerational transmission being full retained.

Nyilvános táblák és korlátok. A közösségi média állampolgári részvételi oldala és a digitális objektivizmus igénye

Online movements based on local, regional or ethnic identities and their positive effects, which support civic participation and express community solidarity, are of particular importance in evaluating digital media. To better understand the social impact of digital media, three case studies are presented. Two independent case studies – one on language use in southern Slovakia and the other on online organisations in Szeklerland – will be analysed to understand the context of online social mobilisation. Thirdly, a further case study is used to investigate the extent to which certain ideas related to competitiveness, meritocracy and consumption prevail among the domestic population, with a particular focus on university networks. Finally, it is concluded that it is important to take into account the complexity of the impact of digital media in the evaluation and not to stick to optimistic or pessimistic extremes.

Brick by brick bias: Arab Muslim experience of intersectionality in housing

ABSTRACT The study presented in this paper examined intersectional discrimination against individuals with multiple minority identities in the housing market, specifically those identifying as Arab Muslims. By sending inquiries from three fictitious applicants – a Swedish Christian, an Arab Christian, and an Arab Muslim – to 1,200 landlords in Sweden, we analyzed differences in landlord responses. Results showed the Swedish Christian received the most positive replies, followed by the Arab Christian, with the Arab Muslim receiving the fewest. The study underscores the compounded discrimination faced by those with multiple minority identities and challenges the conflation of ethnic and religious identities in prior research.

How can ethnicity promote recognition of an ethnic identity?

The aim of this article is to find out and reflect on what has been produced in the last decade and a half of this century on the subject of ethnicity, from 2001 to 2016. The methodology adopted was a consultation of the Portal of Periodicals of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) / MEC. The choice of topic was a personal decision, as it was a production for the end of a course with Professor Dr. Estevão Rafael Fernandes, who gave us autonomy to choose the topic. When I accessed the portal, I chose to search by subject. Entering the word ethnicity, the portal retrieved and made available 166 articles related to the topic, written in English and Spanish, of which 101 were peer-reviewed. I only chose articles written in Portuguese. As a selection criterion, I chose the most accessed articles on this topic. After refinement, the result was reduced to 10 articles. These are the articles on which this work is based.

Identity threat through the lens of heritage language maintenance: second-generation Indian diaspora in Sydney, Australia

ABSTRACT Australia’s demographic is transforming rapidly due to its increasing immigration rate, leading to the diversification of its linguistic and cultural landscape and resources. This makes it integral to study and understand the linguistic skills and repertoire of migrants, and its impacts on their identity formation and threat. Despite Indian migrants’ growing population rate in Australia, there is a scarcity of studies on their linguistic skills and repertoire. To fill in this gap, a large-scale study was conducted in Sydney, Australia. This paper explores 54 second-generation Indian migrants’ proficiency in two Indian heritage languages: Hindi and an Indian regional language that they spoke the most. Either of these languages could be their first or other language. This is followed by an evaluation of their language practices in the home and public domains. The results of their proficiency in Indian heritage languages and their language preference and use are fundamental in inferring their attitudes towards their ethnic identity in a transnational context.

Do languages open doors? A theoretical model of linguistic capital and (im)mobility and its application in Spanish youth migration

ABSTRACT Language skills have demonstrated their significance in migration decisions; however, their role as a potential cause of immobility has been largely overlooked. In this paper, I first propose a theoretical model that seeks to explain decisions regarding mobility and immobility based on the instrumental returns generated by an individual's linguistic capital within a given opportunity structure. Secondly, I apply this model utilizing data from university and vocational training graduates in Spain. Leveraging its particularity as a case study, which encompasses five regions where a minority's co-official language is an integral part of ethnic identification and shares a similar institutional environment that encourages its use, I find that bilingualism is primarily linked to internal immobility. Simultaneously, it affects the direction of internal migration, since bilinguals are more inclined to relocate to areas with similar language conditions. Bilingualism also presents indirect effects. The results indicate that bilingualism influences international migration by facilitating the acquisition of a foreign language, which becomes increasingly attainable as the cost of language acquisition decreases, though the effect remains relatively small.

“I'm a Kid Citizen of Two Countries”: A Case Study of Bilingual Kindergarteners’ Discussions about Dual Citizenships

Despite the increasing emphasis on social studies in Early Childhood Education, there has been a serious paucity of empirical studies on how culturally and linguistically diverse children develop their emergent understanding on their identities and citizenships in different racial and cultural surroundings. The main purpose of this article is to explore the intersections of bilingualism, early literacy practices, and social studies education by examining bilingual children’s conversations about dual citizenships and ethnic identities during read-aloud sessions. The data were collected by video/audio recordings, open-ended interviews, and children’s artifacts over a period of four months. The findings suggest the potential of bilingual discussions about dual citizenship as a means to help young bilinguals develop their emergent understandings of their rights and responsibilities as young dual citizens.

POLICY AND LINGUISTIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THE PROPOSED RENAMING OF WEST JAVA PROVINCE TO TATAR SUNDA

This legal study investigates the implications of the proposed renaming of West Java Province to Tatar Sunda Province, employing the approach of intuitive semantic dualism to address issues of language, territory, ethnicity, and national identity. The research draws on data from academic journals, books, media reports, and interviews, comparing secondary data with field opinions on the languages and bordering regions of the Sundanese dialect. The findings reveal that, although the Sundanese linguistic system was expected to play a crucial role in the renaming process and promote territorial unity, it falls short due to the inclusion of regions such as Banten, pre-independence Batavia, and bilingual border areas in the east and north. This geographic and linguistic complexity means that the name "Tatar Sunda" does not accurately reflect the distinct linguistic, cultural, and territorial identities of the Sundanese people as described by J. van Baal. Legally, while there are no barriers to the renaming policy, the proposed name fails to adequately represent the region's diverse identities. Consequently, the study recommends further exploration of more representative alternatives that align with the existing legal framework, ensuring that the name change is not only legally valid but also appropriately reflects the region's identity.

Creativity in Narrative Writing: Utilizing Mind Mapping with Ethnic Identification Model in Higher Education

Arabic language learning innovations are developing with various learning media, such as mindmapping. The use of mindmapping-based media can provide learning experiences for students. This research aimed to test the effectiveness of Mind Mapping concept in narrative writing skills for ethnic groups in Indonesia. A mixed research design was used with a quantitative approach to test the effectiveness of learning writing skills using Mind Mapping and a qualitative approach to identify student creativity in developing narrative paragraphs. 35 students who studied writing skills at UIN Imam Bonjol Padang in the Arabic Language Education study program were involved. The results showed that; 1) The effectiveness of Mind Mapping in narrative writing showed an increase in the average learning outcomes for writing skills to 77.91 which showed positive significance; 2) Creativity in writing narratives about Indonesian ethnic groups was identified including the distribution of the meaning of ethnic groups, characteristics of ethnic groups and examples of traditional culture, characterized by varied writing structures with the choice of various grammatical structures such as the arrangement of verbal phrases, adjectives, prepositions, adverbial attributes and nominal phrases. This article confirmed that the use of Mind Mapping for learning writing skills can develop paragraph ideas for writing skills in higher education.

Constructing Identities in a Diverse School Setting: From Finnish Learners to Multilingual Experts

ABSTRACT This article investigates how Shanaya and Zona, two 11-year-old multilingual migrant children, construct identities as knowledgeable, multilingual, and socially aware experts in a comprehensive school in Finland. I use ethnographic data that includes school observation and interviews to show how they find moments for overcoming disadvantageous circumstances through identity construction, and thus empower themselves. This empowerment seems to happen in informal situations, implying that there is little space for being something other than Finnish or Finnish-speaking elsewhere in the school. This study describes the children’s lived experience holistically by showing how linguistic, ethnic, and social identity categories intertwine and manifest in language use. It adds to our knowledge of the empowerment of young migrant children in school-related discourses outside of the anglophone world and calls for acknowledging children’s voices in developing education globally.

Increasing Voter Participation Through Health Care–Based Voter Registration

Young people and historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups are poorly represented in the democratic process. Addressing voting inequities can make policy more responsive to the needs of these communities. To assess whether leveraging health care settings as venues for voter registration and mobilization is useful, particularly for historically underrepresented populations in elections. In 2020, nonpartisan nonprofit Vot-ER partnered with health care professionals and institutions to register people to vote. This cross-sectional study analyzed the demographics and voting behavior of people mobilized to register to vote in health care settings, including hospitals, community health centers, and medical schools across the US. The age and racial and ethnic identity data of individuals engaged through Vot-ER were compared to 2 national surveys of US adults, including the 2020 Cooperative Election Study (CES) and the 2020 American National Election Study (ANES). Health care-based voter registration. The main outcomes were age composition, racial and ethnic composition, and voting history. Of the 12 441 voters contacted in health care settings, 41.9% were aged 18 to 29 years, 15.9% were identified as African American, 9.6% as Asian, 12.7% as Hispanic, and 60.4% as White. This distribution was significantly more diverse than the racial and ethnic distribution of the ANES (N = 5447) and CES (N = 39 014) samples, of which 72.5% and 71.19% self-identified as White, respectively. Voter turnout among health care-based contacts increased from 61.0% in 2016 to 79.8% in 2020, a turnout gain (18.8-percentage point gain) that was 7.7 percentage points higher than that of the ANES sample (11.1-percentage point gain). Demographically, the age distribution of voters contacted in health care settings was significantly different from the ANES and CES samples, with approximately double the proportion of young voters aged 18 to 29 years. This cross-sectional study suggests that health care-based voter mobilization reaches a distinctly younger and more racially and ethnically diverse population relative to those who reported contact from political campaigns. This analysis of the largest health care-based voter mobilization effort points to the unique impact that medical professionals may have on voter registration and turnout in the 2024 US elections. In the long term, health equity initiatives should prioritize expanding voting access to address the upstream determinants of health in historically marginalized communities.