Ethiopian National Research Articles

Land Use/Land Cover Change Impact on Hydrological Process in the Upper Baro Basin, Ethiopia

Understanding the hydrological process associated with Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) change is vital for decision-makers in improving human wellbeing. LU/LC change significantly affects the hydrology of the landscape, caused by anthropogenic activities. The scope of this study is to investigate the impact of LU/LC change on the hydrological process of Upper Baro Basin for the years 1987, 2002, and 2017. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for the simulation of the streamflow. The required data for the SWAT model are soils obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization; Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and LU/LC were obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The meteorological data such as Rainfall, Temperature, Sunshine, Humidity, and Wind Speeds were obtained from the Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency. Data on discharge were obtained from Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity. Ecosystems are deemed vital. Landsat images were used to classify the LU/LC pattern using ERDAS Imagine 2014 software and the LU/LC were classified using the Maximum Likelihood Algorithm of Supervised Classification. The Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) global sensitivity method within SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Procedures (SWAT-CUP) was used to identify the most sensitive streamflow parameters. The calibration was carried out using observed streamflow data from 01 January 1990 to 31 December 2002 and a validation period from 01 January 2003 to 31 December 2009. LU/LC analysis shows that there was a drastic decrease of grassland by 15.64% and shrubland by 9.56% while an increase of agricultural land and settlement by 18.01% and 13.01%, respectively, for 30 years. The evaluation of the SWAT model presented that the annual surface runoff increased by 43.53 mm, groundwater flow declined by 27.58 mm, and lateral flow declined by 5.63 mm. The model results showed that the streamflow characteristics changed due to the LU/LC change during the study periods 1987–2017 such as change of flood frequency, increased peak flows, base flow, soil erosion, and annual mean discharge. Curve number, an available water capacity of the soil layer, and soil evaporation composition factor were the most sensitive parameters identified for the streamflow. Both the calibration and validation results disclosed a good agreement between measured and simulated streamflow. The performance of the model statistical test shows the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe (NS) efficiency values 0.87 and 0.81 for calibration periods of 1990–2002 and 0.84 and 0.76 for the validation period of 2003 to 2009, respectively. Overall, LU/LC significantly affected the hydrological condition of the watershed. Therefore, different conservation strategies to maintain the stability and resilience of the ecosystem are vital.

The Washback of the Ethiopian National English Examination (ENEE) for Grade 10 on Students’ Practice: Debre Markos Secondary Schools on Focus

This study was intended to examine the washback of the General Secondary School English Exam on students’ practice. The study was conducted at three secondary schools in Debre Markos Town. 270 Grades 9 and 10 students were included. Questionnaire, focus group discussion (FGD), exam paper analysis and classroom observation were employed. The questionnaire data were analysed with mean per cent and multiple regression analysis. Whereas, the FGD data and observation data collected with field notes were analysed qualitatively. The content of two years national exam was analysed with percentage. The result revealed students were found practising mainly grammar and technical aspects of writing and speaking disregarding using their textbook in their practice. The factors mediated were students’ ambition for success in the exam, awareness of the exam and teachers’ exam-oriented teaching. Therefore, the washback of the exam negatively affected the successful implementation of the communicative syllabi.

Analyzing Precipitation Climatology; and Past and Future Variation Trends in Precipitation and Temperature of Arba Minch and Chencha Districts, Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia (for the period 1981-2100)

Global climate is changing significantly causing changes in the climatic variables especially, precipitation and temperature. This study was conducted to analyze the change in precipitation and temperature in two Arba minch and Chencha districts, Southern Ethiopia. Daily observed rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature data were collected from the Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency for the years 1981 to 2018. The data from the Climate Hazards Center Infrared precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) was used to fill the missing data. REMO2009, a regional climate model (RCM), was used to extract daily rainfall and temperature data for the period 1981-2100, two representative concentration pathways: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were used for the projection. The model data was corrected according to the observation prior to analysis. The results revealed that the study area has bimodal rainfall characteristics with the peaks in April and October of the first and second main rainy seasons respectively. In a decadal time period, there is a shift in the peak of precipitation during the first main rainy season, indicating seasonal shift. The total rainfall received over a decadal time period also varies significantly. In terms of future projections, seasonal rainfall peaks will remain similar on average, but total rainfall will continue to be highly variable. The projection also show that the second main rainy season for both stations will vanish completely by the end of the century, resulting in mono-modal rainfall characteristics. Keywords: Climate Change, Regional Climate Models, representative concentration pathways DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-7-03 Publication date: July 31 st 2021

Promoting Effects of Abilities While Enhancing Probability of College-Success: A Moderation Role of Higher Education

Studies revealed that college readiness promotes college success and higher education student learning outcomes. This study opted to 1) analyze the total effect and the conditional effect of college readiness on college success by university generations and departments; 2) analyze the differences in the probability of college success across departments and university generations; 3) describe the quality of university generations in terms of the conditional effects and the probabilities of college success. The study is an ex post facto research. The Ethiopian 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation universities; and the Ethiopian National Assessment and Evaluation Agency officers were the population of the study. The total sample size was 551. The Ethiopian General Education School Leaving Certificate Examination Grade Point Average, the Ethiopian Higher Education Entrance Examination score, and the College Cumulative Grade Point Average of the students were sources of the data. Using the Process Procedure for Software Package for Social Sciences, the binomial logistic regression was conducted. Maintaining the highest total conditional effect of college readiness on college success while heightening the probability of college success at a value of college readiness has been interpreted as a trait of the high performing university generation.

Maternal Empowerment Indicators Predict Health Care Seeking Behavior during Pregnancy: Evidence from Ethiopian National Data

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the leverage of women’s empowerment status and their living context in healthcare-seeking behavior during pregnancy. The study used the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). In addition, the frequency of Antenatal Care (ANC) was used as an outcome variable to gauge women’s health seeking behavior. The negative binomial regression analysis results showed that the expected mean number of ANC visits was lower for mothers with lower education levels and for women living with husbands having poor education. On the other hand, the expected mean number of ANC visits was much higher for younger women, working women, for those with some household decision making autonomy, women living in better household wealth category, women living in smaller households, and those who had reasonable access to media (radio). Given the significant contribution of women’s status and living contexts, aggressive moves should be made to reduce the demand-side barriers to health care services, mainly promoting women’s education and participation in decisionmaking at household and community levels

A qualitative exploration of barriers in accessing community pharmacy services for persons with disability in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross sectional phenomenological study

BackgroundIt was estimated that over a billion people have a disability and around 110 to 190 million experienced significant difficulties in functioning. Similarly, there were over 5 million and 32,630 individuals with disability in Ethiopia and Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, respectively. Health care is a human right, yet access barriers to healthcare remain one of the major challenges among people with disabilities. Community pharmacists are often the health system point of entry for most patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the barriers to community pharmacy service for individuals with physical, visual and hearing disability in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross sectional phenomenological qualitative study design was employed to explore the barriers to community pharmacy service for individuals with Physical, Visual and Hearing disability. All members from Ethiopian National Association of the Blind (ENAB), Ethiopian National Association of the Deaf (ENAD) and Ethiopian National Association of persons with Physical Disability (ENAPPD) and all community pharmacy professionals in Addis Ababa were the study populations in this study. The analysis was made using content analysis where ideas were classified into themes manually.ResultAll informants with disability pointed out that community pharmacy services were not accessible to them. The study found transportation, physical layout, communication and medication price were the main barriers to obtain community pharmacy services among individuals with visual, physical and hearing disabilities. Respondents also witnessed that pharmacists provided proper counseling and were also cooperative and willing to help them.ConclusionsThis study indicated that individuals with disability experienced different access barriers to community pharmacy services. Further studies are recommended to identify other community pharmacy disparities and access barriers to pharmacy services and propose possible solutions.

Soil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia

Human zinc deficiency is a global public health problem. Many African soils are zinc deficient (ZnD), indicating fertilizers could increase crop yields and grain Zn levels, thereby increasing Zn in the food supply and alleviating human Zn deficiency. To analyze associations among soil Zn, human Zn deficiency, and child nutritional status, we combined the Ethiopian soil Zn map and the Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS). ENMS provides representative, georeferenced data on child nutritional status using anthropometry of children under five years old (CU5) and on human Zn deficiency among CU5 and women of reproductive age (WRA) using the recommended biomarker, serum Zn. ZnD soils mostly occur in lower altitudes, which are less populated and outside the main crop-producing areas. Serum Zn deficiencies were high, and correlated to soil Zn for children, but not for WRA. About 4 million Ethiopian CU5 are ZnD, and, of these, about 1.5 million live on low-Zn soils (< 2.5 mg/kg), while 0.3 million live on ZnD soils (< 1.5 mg/kg). Therefore, if Zn fertilizers are only applied on ZnD soils, their impact on child Zn deficiency may be limited. Greater impact is possible if Zn fertilizers are applied to soils with sufficient Zn for plant growth and if this results in increased grain Zn. Optimal soil Zn levels for plant and human nutrition may be different, and context-specific optimal levels for the latter must be determined to develop nutrition-sensitive fertilizer policies and recommendations.

Analyzing Policy Formulation and Implementation: The Case of Ethiopian National Youth Policy

This paper set out to analyze policy formulation and implementation process of Ethiopian National Youth policy. To this end, the study was conducted on both national and Central Gondar zonal levels. A qualitative approach was employed to collect and analyze the data needed to address the aforementioned objectives. Accordingly, the study has employed document analysis to analyze policy formulation process. In addition, to analyze policy implementation process at zonal level, key informant interviews were held with two officers working at Central Gondar zonal office. Furthermore, the study has employed two different types of analytical framework to address central issues of the study. On the one hand, Value Critical Policy Analysis Framework was employed to analyze the policy formulation process. On the other hand, Copeland and Wexler (1995) Implementation Analysis Framework was employed to analyse the policy implementation process.The study began by analyzing the policy formulation process on the basis of the six policy elements of value critical analysis framework. The National Youth Policy of Ethiopia is formulated in a professional manner. The study shows some hitch in the process of policy formulation such as; while stating vision and goal of the policy, the policy document fails to include reference of time parameter as to when to achieve the stated goal of the policy. In addition, the study found the policy document ignoring to discuss the importance and inclusion of youth participation in decision making process of the policy implementation. Besides, considering financing methods the study ravels that nothing is mentioned in the policy document about the source of funding to carry out the policy functions.The policy implementation analysis was conducted on the basis of Copeland and Wexler (1995) Implementation Analysis Framework. The policy implementation analysis focuses on themes such as enabling legislation and regulations, organizational structure, organizational process, and program performance. Keywords: Ethiopian Youth Policy, Central Gondar, Policy Formulation, and Policy Implementation. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-3-01 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

Zinc deficiency is highly prevalent and spatially dependent over short distances in Ethiopia

Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for human health. In Ethiopia, a high prevalence of Zn deficiency has been reported. To explore demographic variation and spatial dependencies in the Zn status of the Ethiopian population, we analyzed archived serum samples (n = 3373) from the 2015 Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS), a cross-sectional survey of young children, school-age children, women of reproductive age (WRA) and men conducted in all 9 regions and two city administration of Ethiopia. Serum Zn concentrations, measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS), were compared to thresholds based on age, sex, fasting status, and time of blood collection, after adjusting for inflammation status. Median serum Zn concentration of the population was 57.5 μg dL−1. Overall, it is estimated that 72% of the population was Zn deficient, with high prevalence in all demographic groups. Spatial statistical analysis showed that there was spatial dependence in Zn status of WRA at distances of up to 45 km. Zinc deficiency is spatially dependent over short distances. Although WRA in most areas are likely to be Zn deficient, prevalence of deficiency varies at regional scale and between rural and urban inhabitants, suggesting there is scope to explore drivers of this variation, prioritize nutritional interventions, and to design more representative surveillance programs.

Wind energy potential assessment in Nifas Mewucha, Amhara Province, Ethiopia

In recent years, Ethiopia has been developing different strategies to promote the installation of renewable energy plants. In this regard, evaluating territories to assess their potential and thus identify optimum sites for the installation of energy-generating facilities is a crucial task. This paper presents a comprehensive geographic information system (GIS)-based site-selection methodology for wind-power plants in the province of Amhara. High resolution wind speed data from Ethiopian National Metrology Agency (ENMA) and lower resolution daily wind speed data are combined and processed in order to obtain a fine wind speed distribution and thus wind energy production. This assessment is vital to elevate proper utilization of the energy sources into one step. According to the results we have obtained, in this paper, appreciated results are obtained to the power enhancement of the country.

Analyzing Policy Formulation and Implementation: The Case of Ethiopian National Youth Policy

Analyzing Policy Formulation and Implementation: The Case of Ethiopian National Youth Policy

Inequality and Inequity in Outpatient Care Utilization in Ethiopia: A Decomposition Analysis of Ethiopian National Health Accounts.

BackgroundInequity in healthcare use is avoidable inequality, and it exists when there are differences in the use of healthcare after standardization of different needs among the population. In Ethiopia, wide variation and lower achievement exists in outpatient visit per person per year against the target to reach by 2020. Therefore, this study is aimed at measuring inequalities and inequities in outpatient care utilization in Ethiopia.MethodsThe study utilized data from 2015/16 Ethiopian National Health Account survey. The analysis included a weighted sample of 42,460 individuals. Concentration curve and indices were used to measure inequality in outpatient care utilization. Deviations in the degree to which outpatient care was distributed according to need were measured by the horizontal inequity index. All statistical analyses were done using STATA version 14. In all analyses statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe outpatient care utilizations were found to be concentrated among the rich. The actual (C = 0.0335, 95% CI: 0.0298, 0.0431) and need predicted (C = 0.0157, 95% CI: 0.0117, 0.0413) utilizations were concentrated among the rich. The distributions of outpatient care in Ethiopians were pro-rich (rich-favoring). The decomposition analysis revealed that need factors were the main positive contributors to the inequality (23.6%) and non-need factors were among the negative contributors to the inequality (−48.4%).ConclusionThis study evidenced the presence of rich-favoring inequality and inequity in outpatient care utilization in Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a need to consider implementation strategies that focus on fairness in healthcare utilization.

Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Prevention of Tuberculosis Among People Living with HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review of Implementation and Impacts

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) prevents TB in PLWHIV, but estimates of its effects and actual implementation vary across countries. We reviewed studies that examined the impact of IPT on PLHIV and the factors influencing its implementation in Ethiopia. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Controlled Trials from their inception to 01 April 2021 for studies of any design that examined the impact of IPT on PLHIV and the factors influencing its implementation. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42021256579. Result: Of the initial 546 studies identified, 13 that enrolled 12,426 participants: 12,364 PLHIV and 62 HIV clinical care providers, were included. PLHIV who were on IPT, independently or simultaneously with ART, were less likely to develop TB than those without IPT. IPT interventions had a significant association with improved CD4 count and reduced all-cause mortality. IPT was less effective in people with advanced HIV infection. The major factors influencing IPT implementation and uptake were stock-outs, fear of developing isoniazid-resistant TB, patient’s refusal and non-adherence, and improper counseling and low commitment of HIV clinical care providers. Conclusion: IPT alone or in combination with ART significantly reduces the incidence of TB and mortality in PLHIV in Ethiopia than those without IPT. There needs a realistically attainable system in place to meet the Ethiopian National TB guideline of offering IPT to all HIV-infected individuals who are unlikely to have active TB. More research on safety is needed, especially on women with HIV who receive a combination of IPT and ART. Funding Information: This review did not receive specific funding. T.M. was supported in part by the Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the US National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43TW009127. Declaration of Interests: We declare that they have no competing interests.

Quality infrastructure services capability assessment in the coffee value chain

Coffee generates about 25%-30% of total export and securing about 15 million people's livelihoods in Ethiopia. But, it has several quality issues. Studies show a total of 272 million USD of which 99% is due to the non-conformance cost of the export product incurred annually. This justifies mitigating quality problems in the sector is important. Therefore, to deal with this issue coffee quality related data were collected from Ethiopian National Quality Infrastructure Institutions (ENQI) and Coffee Quality Inspection and Certification Association (CLU). Eighteen experts purposively selected from both institutes were asked to associate quality service with defects. Finally, lack of accreditation has the highest contribution followed by conformity and metrology with a share of 83.3%, 75%, and 54% for defects points. Moreover, issues like control of temperature and humidity in storage and transport, lack of soil nutrition testing, inspection performance, and commitment to standards implementation are issues that needs to be improved.

TVET Curriculum Mapping and Its Responsiveness to the Labour Market Demand the Case of the Building Construction Fields in Ethiopia

The primary aim of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is to prepare for the country labour force meeting needs of the labour market, to enable people contribute to sustainable social, economic, environment and industrial development. Ethiopia has implemented the outcome-based Technical and Vocational Education and Training system since 2007. The Ethiopian outcome-based TVET system is a training delivery approach in which the labour market demand is identified and Occupational Standards (OS) are developed by industry and then the curriculum is developed based on the OS developed. Both the Ethiopian occupational standard (EOS) and the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum derived from the OS have similar architectural structural mapping. The main objective of this article was to assess how the TVET curriculum mapping in the case of the building construction fields in Ethiopia responds to labour market demand. The main data gathering instruments used in the study were interviews and document analysis. The interviews were held with the TVET stakeholders such as the Federal and Regional TVET curriculum development officials, the TVET college principals, the HoDs and TVET trainers. The documents that were reviewed included the Ethiopian National TVET Strategy and other TVET working documents such as the Ethiopian Occupational Standard and the TVET Curriculum Development manuals as well as other literature related to the study. It is found out that the curricula of building construction fields are the direct and one-to-one conversion of their respective Occupational Standards. The findings again revealed that the general TVET curriculum mapping of the building construction fields have not addressed the country’s labour market demand and training needs. As a result of this, it was noted that the participants were not comfortable with the curriculum mapping of building construction fields laid by the Ethiopian TVET Authority. The paper concludes that the TVET curriculum should not necessarily have been the direct mirror and reflection of its OS when curriculum mapping was designed as it does not reflect the real societal and training needs of students.

Identifying Ethiopian National Mining Cadastre System (ENMCS) Post Implementation Success Factors: The Case of Ministry of Mines of Ethiopia

Identifying Ethiopian National Mining Cadastre System (ENMCS) Post Implementation Success Factors: The Case of Ministry of Mines of Ethiopia

Etiyopya'nın Somali'den Sınır Tanıma Arayışı: Kısa Bir Tarihsel Analiz

The frontier acknowledgment quest of Ethiopia towards the Somalia Republic was and continued to be one of unending diplomatic strain in African politics. The acknowledgment quest of Ethiopia was recurrently engulfed by the counter self-determination quest of Somalia Republic. Apparently, the differing stance on colonial agreements, the active role of the military on the foreign policy direction of Somalia; the discovery of natural gas and oil on the controversial frontier area, Ogaden; along with headstrong political thought frustrated the quest of Ethiopia for frontier recognition. This article intended to chart a new insight for the frustration of the much-anticipated frontier acknowledgment quest of Ethiopia in the face of Somalia Republic, mainly paying particular attention to differing stance on colonial agreement, hegemonic computation and the issue of self-determination vs. frontier acknowledgment. In the process of analysis, untapped archival documents from the Ethiopian National Archive and Library Agency (ENALA) together with secondary works of literature are employed.

Evaluation of Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation Station (CHIRPS) satellite‐based rainfall estimates over Finchaa and Neshe Watersheds, Ethiopia

AbstractRecent advancements in the field of remote sensing have led to the development of high resolution satellite‐based rainfall products to improve the quality of observed rainfall data through proper evaluation and validation process of the products. This study therefore, intended to evaluate the performance of CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation Station) satellite‐based rainfall products in Finchaa and Neshe watersheds of Blue Nile Basin. Daily ground‐ and satellite‐based rainfall data are collected from Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency and CHIRPS dataset of CHG (Climate Hazards Group) respectively, for the time slice of 25 years (1991–2015). The performance of CHIRPS product is evaluated using quantitative statistical performance indicators and graphical comparison methods. CHIRPS satellite product tends to slightly overestimate the mean rainfall depth at the study area. A positive strong linear correlation (R = 0.93 and R2 = 0.86) and a smaller amount of noise, bias and error (NSE = 0.84, PBIAS = 0.98%, and RMSE = 46.99 mm) have been found between CHIRPS satellite‐based and the ground‐based rainfall products when compared. The overall results in this study also indicated the good performance of CHIRPS satellite‐based rainfall estimates in maintaining patterns of observed measurements at monthly, seasonal and annual time steps across the watersheds.

Rifampicin-Resistant Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cases in Selected Hospitals in Western Oromia, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study.

PurposeWith the recommendation of World Health Organization (WHO) and as per the Ethiopian National Implementation Guideline, GeneXpert is used for rapid diagnosis of rifampicin (RIF)-resistant multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) from the suspected TB patients; however, there were limited findings in Ethiopia particularly in the study area showing the magnitude of RIF-resistant MDR-TB and related factors among suspected TB cases. Hence, we aimed to assess resistance to RIF as a biomarker for the detection of MDR-TB cases from the suspected TB patients in selected hospitals, Western Oromia, Ethiopia.Patients and MethodsWe have conducted a cross-sectional review on 2300 registered GeneXpert data as clinically suspected TB cases in three governmental hospitals, Western Oromia, Ethiopia, between October 2015 and April 2016 to assess resistance to RIF as a biomarker for the detection of MDR-TB cases. Trained data collectors enumerated the data using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires from the Gene Xpert records found in the registration logbook available at each hospital laboratories. Following checking the data for completeness, we have cleaned and entered our data into SPSS version 20 to compute different analyses. P-value of ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant.ResultsA total of 2300 TB suspected cases were included in the study. The overall prevalence of TB diagnosed by the GeneXpert assay was 21.3% (491/2300). In all TB confirmed cases, RIF-resistant TB accounted for 25.9% (127/491) which expressed rpoB gene mutations. Sex (being male), age (within 16–30 age group), patient category (relapse, loss to follow-up, treatment failure and had MDR-TB contact) were significantly associated with rifampicin-resistant TB. Relapse patient was 20 times more likely to develop MDR-TB when compared to the new patient (P-value= 0.01, COR = 20.0, 95%C.I = 17.5–42.5).ConclusionThe rifampicin-resistant TB is prevalent in all age groups. The strong association and high prevalence of RIF-resistant TB to failure after treatment in this study require more attention towards improving the treatment to minimize evolving of the MDR-TB cases.

Hematological profiles of football players according to playing positions in Tigray region, Ethiopia

The Objectives study was to compare hematological profiles of different playing position football players in the Tigray region, Ethiopia. The study was conducted in northern parts of Ethiopia, had played in the Ethiopian premier league, super league, and National league competition programs. Descriptive Cross-sectional design and quantitative research methods were employed to compare hematological variables of different position soccer players. To get appropriate data voluntary health soccer players were selected through purposive sampling techniques. Goalkeepers (GK, 15), Defenders (DF, 27), Midfielders (MF, 36) and Strikers (ST, 23) based on player’s position 101 players were selected from a total of 200 Tigray regions. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to conclude the differences between GK, DF, MF, and ST soccer players and Post Hoc test (LSD) applied at p &amp;lt; .05. No significant difference was found between playing positions in WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, LYM%, NEUT%, LYM#, NEUT#, RDW, PDW, MPV, and PCT (p &amp;gt; .05). Coaches and Medicals might take into consideration positional differences, age, BMI, and training status of players during testing hematological profiles.