Moral Views Research Articles

Artistic and aesthetic features of the image of the province in modern Ukrainian literature

This study deals with the features of the description of the Province topos in modern Ukrainian prose and the problems of the development of the ideas of geopoetics in Ukrainian literary studies. The subject of the study is the poetic and stylistic parameters of the Province topos in modern Ukrainian prose. Elzhbieta Rybitska’s ideas of structuralism and geopoetics became the intellectual support of this research. The goal is a systematic analysis of the poetic and stylistic parameters of the topos of the Province in the novels “The Servant from Dobromil”, “Enchanted Musicians”, “The Tycoon”, by Halyna Pahutiak, “Voroshilovgrad” by Serhiy Zhadan, and “District D” by Artem Chekh. A combination of structural-typological analysis and conceptual analysis methods in the context of the ideas of geopoetics was chosen for this research. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that it describes three models of understanding the topos of the Province in modern Ukrainian literature, proposes and argues for an aesthetic paradigm of modeling the world and man in the prose works of modern Ukrainian writers in the context of the ideas of structuralism and geopoetics. The study’s results present three models of the topos of the Province. Within the first model, the Province is described as a geographical space in which the opposition of the Center / Province is revealed. The second model is based on myth as a sacred space in which the aggressive Center and the Arcadian and harmonious Province are opposed. The third model is based on post-colonial ideas of the contradiction between colonized cultures and regions, describing the dialogue with the colonial past and images of Own / Strangers. Such theoretical ideas of this article made it possible to analyze the novels by Halyna Pahutiak, “The Servant from Dobromil”, “Enchanted Musicians”, “The Tycoon”, Serhiy Zhadan’s “Voroshilovgrad”, Artem Chekh’s “District D” and describe the features of depicting the topos of the Province in the works of modern Ukrainian writers. Thus, in the novels by Halyna Pahutiak, the topos of the Province are reproduced as a mystical space with symbolic ambivalent images. In this place, the character gets an opportunity for self-discovery and rethinking ethical views. Instead, Serhiy Zhadan’s novel presents the topos of the Province as a space deformed by the Soviet past, a kind of semantic wasteland, abandoned and hostile to the character. In the novel by Artem Chekh, the model of the topos of the Province is embodied as an existential trap from which the character seeks to escape and simultaneously feels both his own and a stranger. The study results prove the productivity of geopoetics for modern Ukrainian literary studies, the perspective of the study of the topos of the Province in particular, and the poetic features of geographical images in artistic works in general.

A Study of the Ethics of Contemporary American Women’s Cinema

Abstract As one of the essential mediums of global cultural communication, American films, especially those involving women’s themes, have played a key role in shaping and transmitting women’s images and ethical concepts. The diversity of women’s roles and deep-seated emotions in contemporary American films with women’s themes is reflected in changes in society’s understanding of women’s status and rights. This paper aims to examine the impact of ethical views presented in contemporary American female-themed films on society and the audience. By collecting and analyzing popular American female-themed films in recent years, it explores ethical issues and the portrayal of women in the movie. Of the 100 films studied, more than 60% present a strong ethical tendency towards female self-identification and autonomous choice, with 40% showing a clear tendency towards gender equality and anti-discrimination. We find that the images of resilience and independence shown by female characters in movies in the face of difficulties and challenges have positively impacted the values and behavioral patterns of predominantly female audiences. Contemporary American women’s films not only reflect the current social concern and exploration of women’s issues, but also promote the public’s awareness of gender equality and women’s rights through the portrayal of diversified and profound women’s images, and provide an essential perspective for the promotion of social progress and the development of cultural pluralism.

ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRANSHUMANISM AND TECHNOLOGIES OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

This paper deals with the impact of transhumanism and the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on ethics and environment of the emerging society. Transhumanism, with its ideas of radical technological transformation of human being aiming at creating a new being – a hybrid form developed from the fusion of man and machine, with transhuman, as a transi-tional form, and posthuman, as the ultimate stage of the human-machine fusion, brings many controversies and radically affects the position and essence of the human being. The ethics of transhumanism is being manifested through the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which, based on new set of technologies, enables a radical transformation of the human being, requiring the necessity of a new approach to ethics, from the point of view of technological ethics. Technologies within the framework of 4IR bring new, hitherto unimagined challenges that require the entire global community to review current ethics and adopt new measures and tasks for the purpose of redefining, reorganizing and restructuring the relationship between humans and technologies, in the direction of preserving the stable, humanist, holistic sustainable development of human society.

The Ethical Significance of the Consequences of Our Actions: Contemporary Theory of Action, Aquinas, and the Utilitarian Point of View

Human actions have consequences for others and for oneself. The consequences may be positive. They may, however, also be devastating. This is why it is important for the moral evaluation of actions to take their consequences into account. The ethical significance of the consequences may depend on many aspects: From the point of view of action theory, ethicists may distinguish different kinds of consequences, like intended/unintended or foreseen/unforeseen consequences. From the point of view of normative ethics, scholars give different ethical weight to the consequences. This paper tries to combine insights from both disciplines: In section 1, I present a view of the consequences which draws heavily on contemporary theory of action. In section 2, I compare the normative accounts of three exemplary moral philosophers: the act utilitarian theory of John J. C. Smart, the rule utilitarian account of Richard Brandt, and the scholastic approach of Thomas Aquinas. I argue that we should give different moral weight to different kinds of consequences. It is shown that when it comes to complex actions, Aquinas’ account is more sophisticated and has more intuitive support than its utilitarian rivals.

The Necessity and Chance in Aristotle’s Theory of Society and Ethics

This study deals with Aristotle’s ideas on society in the context of his ethical and political philosophy focusing on the question of whether society emerges out of necessity or chance. Since his social philosophy is part of his ideas on society, morality, and politics, to respond to this question it analyzes his ideas on society as interconnected to his moral and political views. Moreover, it explains his ideas on life, soul, and mind exhibiting Aristotle’s perspective on these ideas in his philosophical system. Therefore, the study examines these ideas about his general philosophy concerning discussions about mind, life, human, and politics. Accordingly, it posits that society is the outcome of collective good and happiness, which is achieved through ethical behaviour. This habituation is the very product of politics that occurs through moral behavior whose telos is a just life amongst fellow humans. In this sense, it claims that Aristotle puts forward that society is not the product of either necessity or chance since human actions are neither automatic results of natural laws nor uncontrollable external forces.

Ethical Problems in the Field of Legal Protection of Personal Data

The article is devoted to issues of legal protection and protection of personal data from the point of view of philosophy and ethics; approaches to the protection of personal data in judicial practice in the Russian Federation through the prism of ethics; features of the relationship of legal protection of personal data and ethics; current judicial practice in solving ethical issues in the field of protection of protection of personal data; problems of improving legislation in terms of ethics in the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation on personal data.

ИДЕЯ ЦЕННОСТИ ПРИРОДЫ В БАШКИРСКОМ ЭПОСЕ «УРАЛ-БАТЫР»

The actualization of ecological discourse in modern research is due to the growth of problems in the relationship between man and nature both in the world and in modern Russian society, requiring the involvement of all possible mechanisms in their complex solution, including the study of everything rational and constructive in the cultural and historical heritage of each nation, including its mythopoetic folklore creativity, which it can bring real practical benefits in overcoming the consumer attitude of an individual to his environment and the formation of personal and social ecological culture. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that the value dimension and the significance of the spiritual meanings of the Bashkir epic Ural-Batyr, in particular the proclamation of nature as a value, are revealed for the modern world and man, who are on the verge of an ecological catastrophe today. The purpose of the study: to consider the axiological and ecological components of the ideological ideas of the epic about the Ural Batyr. In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were solved: to identify the spiritual, moral and ecological potential of the epic Ural-Batyr; identify the key environmental imperatives of the legend; and to prove the relevance and significance of the ecological ideas of the epic for modernity. The authors used general scientific and philosophical methods: dialectical, hermeneutic, descriptive, abstraction, generalization, analysis and synthesis within the framework of the socio-cultural approach to the study of the topic and on the basis of the philosophical and axiological interpretation of the text of the epic about the Ural Batyr. These methods, in contrast to the exclusively philological analysis of epic works, the study of their poetics, the system of images, etc., made it possible to identify the spiritual and cultural meanings of the epic, the significance of its ecological imperatives for modernity. Moreover, the philosophical and ethical view of the value aspects of this work, the results obtained and the conclusions drawn about the importance of the ecological ideas of the epic for contemporaries allow us to further project the concept of “nature as value” also to other genres of Bashkir folklore and use their pedagogical potential in the educational process, in particular in the formation of the ecological culture of the individual and society.

Morals and Historical Considerations of Ethics

Objectives: The primary aim of this article is to examine the history of cultural heritage and philosophical thought in Central Asia, utilizing a scientific-theoretical perspective. The focus is on providing a comprehensive understanding of the historical stages of moral development among Central Asian thinkers, emphasizing the significance of these stages based on the principles of historicism.
 
 Methods: The research methodology involves a thorough investigation of the moral heritage of Central Asian people. The study pays special attention to the unique features of moral views held by medieval Central Asian thinkers, highlighting their relevance to independence. The paper explores diverse aspects of socio-philosophical and moral thoughts in Central Asia, emphasizing their pivotal role in shaping and enriching the region's moral heritage.
 
 Results: The findings reveal that the issue of moral heritage extends beyond a global perspective, manifesting distinct characteristics in Central Asia. The article delves into the creative enrichment of views expressed by thinkers and mystics throughout the historical development of moral ideas, incorporating influences from folk art, "Avesta," and Islamic values, including verses from the Qur'an and hadiths. The results affirm that this rich tapestry of moral heritage serves as a solid foundation for the spiritual identity of the region.
 
 Conclusion: The conclusion drawn from the exploration of Central Asian moral heritage underscores the scientific basis of the tradition of succession in glorifying morality within the human values system. The article contends that the issue of morality, central to philosophy and mysticism, remains pertinent in the education of the contemporary young generation. The advanced traditions embedded in the moral heritage, as influenced by the holy book of Islam "Qur'an Karim," "Hadith Sharif," and Sufism teachings, have become a program guiding behavior, education, and personal perfection in the region.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ НАВЧАННЯ ТА ВИХОВАННЯ (НА ОСНОВІ ЕТИЧНИХ ПОГЛЯДІВ ІВАНА ОГІЄНКА)

The article examines aspects of the formation of elements of national conscious-ness of younger schoolchildren in the process of learning the Ukrainian language (on the basis of the ethical views of Ivan Ohiienko); the ways and methods of fostering patriotism of elementary school students and improving the practical preparation of teachers for working with children are outlined; the issue of national-patriotic educa-tion is highlighted, the conditions for the formation of Ukrainian national conscious-ness are indicated; Ivan Ohiienko’s views on the issue of spiritual and moral educa-tion of younger schoolchildren are summarized; the main contradictions aff ecting the upbringing of children are revealed. The topic of the study is devoted to the problem of pedagogical support for the development of elements of national consciousness of elementary school students. In order to solve it, the model of conscious mastery of national values by younger school-children is substantiated. On the basis of this model, the structural components of the system of pedagogical support for the development of the national consciousness of the younger schoolboy’s personality, the conditions for its eff ective functioning, are deter-mined; a complex of factors infl uencing the positive attitude of younger schoolchildren to the values of Ukrainian culture, the hierarchy of motives for their self-formation by students is established; the main theoretical and methodical approaches to the design of the nationally and personally oriented educational process in primary grades are consid-ered; the dynamics of the development of national consciousness and self-awareness of younger schoolchildren in the process of education and upbringing are revealed

A Poet in the Land of the Sciences. Thinking About Human Nature with Wisława Szymborska

Is it necessary to have a notion of transcendence, a traditional metaphysics, to defend the human? This article addresses this question through an interpretation of the texture and rhythm of Szymborska’s language. Her poems are multi-faceted, and often playful, but it is difficult to ignore the poet’s insistence on ethics, despite the utter indifference of the natural world to good and evil. Humans are themselves a part of the natural world, and thus, if, like Szymborska, one does not accept a reality beyond nature, the strangeness of the ethical demand, which appears groundless, becomes shorn of any possible explanation. In the conclusion of the essay, the researcher puts Szymborska’s view of ethics in conversation with Emmanuel Levinas, whose position resembles hers and yet also sheds a new light on what the groundlessness of ethics might mean.

European Vector of Hryhorii Skovoroda’s PHilosophy: Resonance of Media Transformations in XVIII century

The article proposes the consideration of Skovoroda’s philosophical heritage in the complex contexts of the European philosophical thought in its historical dimension. This complexity was caused through the secular tendency of the Enlightenment ideology with its explanation patterns for human being and social life. The mediological method developed of R. Debray and A. Koschorke is used for analyzing of Skovoroda’s attitudes towards the Enlightenment innovations in cultural and political life. The contemporary narratives of the First, the Second and the Third Enlightenment are applied as pattern for explanation of Skovoroda’s attitude towards the secular trends in the culture and education caused of the Enlightenment ideology. Skovoroda is balancing on the edge of the First and Second Enlightenment: as a philosopher of freedom he makes human responsible for his way of life, but as philosopher of morality he defended the idea of God using the neo-platonic approach. The resurrection of Epicureanism in the Age of Enlightenment was a theoretical challenge for Skovoroda with resonance reactions because his ethical views were based on Epicurus concept of necessity as regulative principle for successful life which can be got without any effort. The religious anthropology developed of Skovoroda is considering in its anthropological-technical aspect. The central ideas of the First Enlightenment — omnipotence of education, disenchanting of religion and project of a new human are rethinking by Skovoroda from the perspective of his religious anthropology with imperatives of self-knowing and making distinction between visual and invisible thereby the way to the eternal truth is possible only possible by the new hermeneutic of the Bible. The semantics and heuristic metaphors in Skovoroda’s works are analyzed, which have a resonance effect with Protestantism and Freema sons ideas, some of which are actualized today.

When Does Psychotherapy Encourage Selfishness?

This paper explores how psychotherapy, with its inherent focus on the self, may inadvertently contribute to problematic selfishness. By comparison with religious traditions which have encouraged humility and dedication to serving others, psychotherapeutic schools have historically emphasized ways to meet one’s own needs. We review here the evolution of ego-centric approaches toward more relational and growth- and virtue-oriented ones, before considering four clinical contexts which risk fostering undue absorption with oneself and one’s therapy. A greater awareness of these risks can help clinicians and patients appreciate the role of moral values, world views, and religious commitments in shaping the direction of their work.

Aura of Digitalization and Digital Humanism in Tamil Celluloid Screen in the Twenty First Century

This paper highlights the applications and uses of technology in the pitch such as digitalization and digital humanism. The former refers to the process of converting information, processes, or activities into a digital form and the latter refers to the outlook that focuses on the ethical and human-centric view of interface with digital technologies. Both are considered as boons for the needy, whereas it is the other way round for those who do not have conviction toward that. The role of technology integrated with digitalization and digital humanism will be appraised in the paper with reference to the select Tamil movies. The sample movies select for this article do not stand as standing testimony either to flaunt or to flounce technology. This discussion will touch on the digitalization in real life situations and portrayal of digital humanism on celluloid screen.

INTEGRATION OF LEGAL AND MORAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE ACADEMIC INTEGRITY OF THE FUTURE MANAGER OF EDUCATION

This article examines a modern acute problem: the formation of academic integrity of future educational managers, who must not only learn the essence of the current laws of Ukraine regarding the protection of intellectual property and copyright during their studies in domestic specialized institutions of higher education. First of all, they must acquire a reputation, authority, even an aura of a kind of respectability of the image of a teacher-leader (a teacher is also for a team of colleagues, parents, and not only for pupils, students), which is important not only for themselves – as managers of pedagogical affairs, but also for pupils and students. – for your successful career. Therefore, they will have weight for valuable in science, because they are original, their author's possessions (as well as in high art) – material manifestations of individual imagination, so important from the point of view of authorship rights, intellectual property, and at the same time - from the point of view of morality: conscience, nobility , honesty, because all this integrally constitutes the true originality of the creative product, which is submitted to the review of the scientific and social public.
 Therefore, education of such personal traits can form a special kind of value competences of future managers of education – spiritual. And they will undoubtedly, over time, become characteristic not only of the most progressive educational and scientific community of Ukraine, but literally of the entire world.
 But the leitmotif of the article lies not in the utopian plane of ideal ideas about an ideal society, but in practical recommendations on methods of forming academic integrity in future educational managers. Thus, the assimilation by students of a whole series of laws of the current legislation of Ukraine on copyright and related to them, on copyright and protection of intellectual property should gradually, on education in the process of training and practice, be integrated in the minds of future managers, becoming a generator of the movement towards honest work for the good future generations.

A quantitative survey measure of moral evaluations of patient substance misuse among health professionals in California, urban France, and urban China

BackgroundThe merits and drawbacks of moral relevance models of addiction have predominantly been discussed theoretically, without empirical evidence of these potential effects. This study develops and evaluates a novel survey measure for assessing moral evaluations of patient substance misuse (ME-PSM).MethodsThis measure was tested on 524 health professionals (i.e., physicians, nurses, and other health professionals) in California (n = 173), urban France (n = 102), and urban China (n = 249). Demographic factors associated with ME-PSM were investigated using analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and t-tests, with results suggesting that ME-PSM is higher among younger health professionals, nurses (when compared with physicians and other health professionals), and Chinese health professionals (when compared with French and American health professionals).ResultsResults provide preliminary support for the psychometric quality of the survey measure introduced in this study, including the existence of a single latent structure and partial invariance of collected data across countries.ConclusionThe survey measure for ME-PSM which was developed and tested in the current study appears to hold potential utility for use as a measure of moral views of patient substance misuse. With development, this measure may be used to examine moral evaluations, both as factors of stigma and of other clinical factors associated with the treatment of patients with substance use disorders.

Pain sensitivity predicts support for moral and political views across the aisle.

We live in a time of exacerbating political polarization. Bridging the ideological divide is hard. Although some strategies have been found effective for interpersonal persuasion and interaction across the aisle, little is known about what intrapersonal attributes predict which individuals are more inclined to support their ideological opponent's views. The present work identifies a low-level attribute-sensitivity to physical pain-that robustly predicts individual variations in support for moral and political views typically favored by one's ideological opponent. We first summarize a psychophysical validation of an established pain sensitivity measure (n = 263), then report a series of exploratory and preregistered confirmatory studies and replications (N = 7,360) finding that more (vs. less) pain-sensitive liberal Americans show greater endorsement of moral foundations typically endorsed by conservatives (Studies 1a-1c), higher likelihood of voting for Trump over Biden in the 2020 presidential election, stronger support for Republican politicians, and more conservative attitudes toward contentious political issues (Studies 2a and 2b). Conservatives show the mirroring pattern. These "cross-aisle" effects of pain sensitivity are driven by heightened harm perception (Study 3). They defy lay intuitions (Study 4). They are not attributable to multicollinearity or response set. The consistent findings across studies highlight the value of deriving integrative predictions from multiple previously unconnected perspectives (social properties of pain, moral foundations theory, dyadic morality theory, principle of multiple determinants in higher mental processes). They open up novel directions for theorizing and research on why pain sensitivity predicts support for moral and political views across the aisle. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Social factors in choosing personal names among Turkmens

This article is devoted to the analysis of social factors that indicate the choice of a certain personal name among the Turkmen people. The article examines personal names which contain extensive information about the features of the cultural, historical, social and everyday picture of the development of society. The relevance of this work is determined by the growing interest in the onomastics of Turkmenistan, namely personal names, which are the most important linguistic source of information about the culture and history of the Turkmen people. The article discusses the system of principles underlying the naming of a born child by a name among the Turkmen people. The Turkmen anthroponymic system indicates a wide range of criteria associated with family-tribal, religious, historical, natural, and physiological naming traditions. The purpose of this article is to analyze the motives for naming among the Turkmen people. In the article we have highlighted the main models of naming. In Turkmen linguistic culture, parents’ attitudes were manifested in intentional names. In conclusion, we can conclude that a personal name carries a deep semantic load. Moreover, it affects a person’s future. Along with the usual rules that Turkmens use when choosing names for their children, they have special customs that reflect the specifics and originality of naming a child and these customs are closely related to the character of the people themselves, the nature of their economy, sociocultural and religious and moral views. Our analysis of the motives for naming among the Turkmens showed that the Turkmen anthroponymic system reflects the unique features of the life understanding of the surrounding reality, which clarifies certain periods of the social life and spiritual culture of the Turkmen people.

PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM TERHADAP MORAL CREDENTIAL EFFECT MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS MATH'LAUL ANWAR BANTEN TERHADAP TRADISI TAHLILAN

The moral credential effect has a huge clout to change other people's sight. The community are ethnicity that potentially has views that change from time to time, including tahlilan tradition that is commonly done by the Muslim community. In community interaction, every person is given influence to each other or has a tendency to follow moral action. This research wants to analyse social phenomena which happened and the alteration that occurred in it. Using instrument observation and research interview resulted from tahlil tradition’s view changed and became a moral view that is more acceptable and make sense, this thing constitutes inclination to another opposite group. Respondents consisted of undergraduate students from the Islamic Religious Education study program at Math'laul Anwar University, Banten, who took part in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) lessons and discussions related to the tahlilan tradition. This research yield shown there’s a fundamental change related tahlil tradition in the community in which students exist. Concept change and this view show the occurrence of moral belief securities. This social phenomenon is very interesting if in-depth research.

Profiles of Youth Citizenship: A Cluster Analysis of Ethical Factors, Demographics, and Problem-Solving Disposition

Youth have the capacity to drive positive change in their communities through active and engaged citizenship (AEC). Teen leadership programs provide youth with opportunities to develop the skills necessary to participate as partners in community problem-solving efforts. Situated in relational developmental systems metatheory, this study examined how cluster membership based upon demographic characteristics, ethical factors, and problem-solving disposition impacted AEC. The findings indicated significant differences between clusters for AEC, civic duty, and civic skills. These differences were predominately observed through membership in long-term or short-term leadership programs, gender, enrollment in honors/AP courses, ethical views, and problem-solving disposition. Youth leadership practitioners should consider avenues for infusing problem-solving and character development in gender inclusive program curricula to increase the likelihood for contributing.

Общение в образовании и работе врача с позиций педагогической и биомедицинской этики

The authors analyze the ethical aspects of communication in the training and practice of a doctor from the point of view of pedagogical and biomedical ethics. The following research methods were used in the work: study and analysis of specialized literature, synthesis, modeling, comparison, generalization, observation, system analysis and theoretical knowledge. The higher the spiritual and moral culture of the doctor-teacher and medical student, the fewer ethical, deontological and psychological mistakes they make. The future and practicing doctor must prepare to communicate with the patient. Using the basic principles of professional (pedagogical and biomedical) ethics, a doctor-teacher and a medical student can treat each other and their patients with respect and humanity.