Ethical Intentions Research Articles

Norm activation and self-interested process in ethical behaviours for animal tourism: exploring the function of animal co-creation and Asian cultural values

ABSTRACT Animal-based tourism has raised ethical issues, but few studies have been conducted in order to investigate the tourists’ ethical behaviour. The current study developed a theoretical framework that explains Korean tourists’ ethical behavioural intention by considering the norm activation model and the self-interested process. The study specifically linked two major normal factors, which include personal and social norms and one self-interested factor, which is the tourists’ ethical attitude, as a theoretical basis. Furthermore, Asian cultural values, which include views of human-nature and human-human relationships, and animal co-creation, which is an animal tourism activity characteristic, were inserted into an integrative model. The results indicated that the hypotheses were generally supported, which theoretically sheds light on the role of animal co-creation and Asian cultural values in regards to predicting ethical behaviour. The outcomes of this study could practically be developed in order to make effective strategies in regards to fostering the tourists’ ethical behaviours.

Putting the customer at the center: does store managers' ethical leadership make a difference in authentic customer orientation?

PropósitoEl propósito de este artículo es explorar el papel mediador del clima ético y la intención ética de los empleados de primera línea en la relación entre el liderazgo ético de los directores de tienda y la orientación al cliente de los empleados de primera línea (FECO).Diseño/metodología/enfoqueLos autores utilizaron datos originales de pequeñas y medianas empresas ubicadas en la industria minorista mexicana. Una encuesta proporcionó una muestra de 332 empleados de primera línea. Para comprobar las hipótesis, los autores realizaron un análisis por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS).ResultadosLos resultados muestran cómo el efecto positivo del liderazgo ético es principalmente directo. Esto puede ser explicado fundamentalmente a través de los mecanismos de la teoría del intercambio social. Adicionalmente, los resultados mostraron que el clima ético y la intención ética actúan como mediadores parciales esenciales.Originalidad/valorAunque el liderazgo ético de los directivos suele ejercer una influencia directa y positiva en el rendimiento laboral de los empleados, no se ha estudiado con frecuencia la vía que relaciona el liderazgo ético de los mandos superiores con este resultado, especialmente en lo que se refiere a su impacto en la satisfacción de las necesidades de los clientes (es decir, la orientación al cliente de los empleados de primera línea, o FECO). Este estudio amplía los conocimientos actuales al considerar que un verdadero FECO está necesariamente vinculado a estar “orientado a los demás”, lo que se ve favorecido por la percepción de que los valores morales (es decir, la honestidad) están arraigados en la cultura de la organización.

Disclosing sales compensation and its impacts on misleading sales behaviors: some observations from Taiwan’s life insurance salespeople

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how sales compensation disclosure, salespeople’s perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) toward customers (i.e. customer-focused CSR), regulatory knowledge and coworkers’ ethical behavior may influence life insurance salespeople’s moral intensity and intentions to engage in misleading sales behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) regression with the data gathered from full-time life insurance salespeople in Taiwan.FindingsThe main findings indicate that disclosing sales compensations will alter the ethical decision-making process of life insurance salespeople. The findings further point out that customer-focused CSR is an important variable affecting moral intensity and ethical intentions.Originality/valueThere has not been any research on the effects of compensation disclosure on moral intensity and misleading sales behavior. The literature gap has led to a poor understanding of the relationship between the compensation disclosure policy and ethical sales behavior. Moreover, previous studies indicate that specific factors (such as moral intensity and ethical intention) are directly associated, while the research shows that as long as a regulatory policy (e.g. the policy of compensation disclosure) changes, the correlation between these variables may shift from significant to nonsignificant (or vice versa). The results are interesting enough to warrant more research, and they also show that the direct link between variables mentioned in previous research is not always stable or universal.

Factors Influencing Ethical Behavioral Intention among Takaful Agents

Despite the fact that contemporary insurance contracts are simple to read, this does not imply that they are simple to comprehend. Most people rely on trust when purchasing insurance. They trust the insurance agent to recommend and obtain appropriate coverage. Takaful agents act as consumers' representatives in managing their takaful plan participation procedures, while also providing consumers with transparent and clear information about takaful plans. This study is mainly focused on identifying the factors influencing ethical behavioral intention among takaful agents. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on ethical behavioral intention among insurance agents by adopting the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A total of 100 questionnaires were collected from 100 Takaful agents from the Family agency and General Agency. To evaluate the raw data, the paper used the non-probability sampling technique and analyzed it by conducting reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant relationship between attitude and subjective norms toward ethical behavioral intention as the predictors. Hence, these findings assist the practitioners, particularly takaful providers in strategizing their efforts in terms of training aspects for their respective takaful agents.

Ethical AI does not have to be like finding a black cat in a dark room

Ethical AI does not have to be like finding a black cat in a dark room

Public Service Motivation and Ethical Behavior amid Challenge Stressors

This study aims to investigate the relationship between Public Service Motivation (PSM) and ethical or unethical behaviors in the context of work stressors. A survey was conducted on 300 public sector employees in Nepal using structured questionnaires with a seven-Likert scale. The study used a deductive approach to examine the association between PSM and ethical behavior in situations of challenge stressors at work. The research found that high levels of PSM are linked to high levels of ethical behavior intentions, and this relationship is further strengthened in the presence of challenge stressors as a positive moderator. The study also highlights the challenges of self-reported measures and social desirability bias when observing ethical or unethical behavior. The primary variables observed in the public sector of Nepal were PSM, ethical behavior, and challenge stressors, with only three variables and a limited sample size being the major limitations. Overall, this study suggests that the use of PSM as a tool and creating workplace challenges may contribute to improving ethical conduct among public sector employees.

How Disciplinary Processes in the Public Service (Legally) Violate Individual Rights: A Case Study from Brazil

The article presents a case study on the law that regulates disciplinary processes in the Brazilian Federal Public Service (Act 8,112/1990). The aim of this investigation is to examine the features of the law that may lead to unfairness in disciplinary processes. Two theoretical concepts guide the investigation: “institutional corruption” and “administrative evil.” Institutional corruption refers to rules, arrangements, and procedures that, despite their legality and ethical intent, exert a systemic and strategic influence that impairs organizational performance and effectiveness. Administrative evil alludes to the phenomenon in which public officials cause harm to innocent people while explaining away their responsibility, usually by projecting negative emotions to an external “object” (i.e., another person). Through a comparison between disciplinary processes and criminal cases, the analysis makes evident that Act. 8,112/1990 deviates from its original purpose of promoting ethical behaviour in the public service because it fails to provide individual protections to defendants. Thus, disciplinary processes in the Brazilian Federal Government can be seen as a case of institutional corruption that opens opportunities for administrative evil. The article presents measures to prevent disciplinary processes from becoming conveyors of institutional corruption and administrative evil and suggest a theme for further research.

Does SDGs Advertising Promote Ethical Consumer Behavior?: An Integrative Model of Ethical Consumption with Elements of Communication Strategy and Rational Purchase

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) advertising is still not widespread due to uncertainty about its profitability for business, though awareness of the SDGs has been remarkably raised among corporations and consumers recently. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of general SDGs advertising on consumers’ ethical consumption intentions. This study proposes an integrative ethical consumption model in which new determinants related to rational consumption and SDGs advertising are included. The proposed ethical consumption model was validated by analyzing responses from 350 consumers in Japan using structural equation modeling (SEM), and the results demonstrate that ethical consumption intentions are constructed by attitudes toward ethical consumption, together with subjective norms and feasibility assessments. Moreover, this study found that, as a consumer views SDGs advertisements more frequently, they show greater ethical interest, which further increases their ethical consumption intentions. However, no significant evidence reveals that it can also improve the level of knowledge of the SDGs. The findings of this study contribute to the theoretical understanding of ethical consumption from the corporation aspect, providing quantitative evidence for corporations to better allocate resources toward profitable SDGs advertising that aligns with customer behavior.

Non-Indigenous Positionality when Engaging in de-colonising/re-indigenising Research and Its Place Within Visual Methodology

The aim and purpose of this article has been to advocate for autobiographical investigation and identification of positionality when non-indigenous researchers engage in indigenous methodologies. My experience as an international adoptee from a Romanian orphanage who experienced unsafe research practice shaped my emancipatory positioning and interpretive lens. It is from this positioning and experience of marginalisation I was concerned with finding a research paradigm that positions participants not as objective objects; but rather as rivers of knowledge with stories that determine the tide of the research. The lens of tangata tiriti (people of the treaty) from which I base my practice in Aotearoa, New Zealand; invites a positionality of neighbourliness, thus prioritising de-colonising/re-indigenising methodologies. The focus for my research project explored the disconnection between teachers who hold a Biblical world view and their students who experienced feelings of agitation and frustration. The participants contributed insights about teachers’ pedagogy drawn from responding to two prompts: “what is happening when you were empowered by your teachers to flourish?” and “what is happening when you feel disempowered by your teachers?” The chosen research method Photoyarn, is a recently emerged form of photo-elicitation created by Jessa Rogers that honours aboriginal yarning circles. This article makes the case for recognizing our ontological and epistemological positioning thus maintaining authenticity in research and holding steadfast the ethical disposition intention of doing no harm.

Examining Indonesian Accountants’ Dark Triad, Subjective Norm, and Peers’ Behavior in Influencing Their Ethical Intention

Among the unpleasant human traits that have been introduced by researchers in the psychology literature is the Dark Triad. The Dark Triad are three characteristics that correlate with each other and attract attention in the empirical realm, namely Machiavellianism, Psychopathy and Narcissism (Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Narcissism). This study examines the ethical model of accountants in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the effect of dark triad (which consists of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and subjective norm toward perceived peers’ behavior and ethical intention. The method used in this study is quantitative method with survey as the data collection method. Using questionnaire, the data of this study were collected from 68 participants. This study used moderated regression analysis to analyze the data. The findings of this study indicate that dark triad does not significantly affect perceived peers’ behavior but significantly affects unethical intention. Meanwhile, subjective norm has a significant effect on perceived peers’ behavior but does not significantly affect unethical intention. This study also reveals that perceived peers’ behavior has a significant influence on unethical intention. This research provides benefits as literature contributor that describes the profile of Indonesian accountants according to personality theory and subjective norms, as well as how personality and subjective norms can shape characters that affect perceptions of unethical behavior, intentions to take unethical actions in decision making.

Ethics Dilemmas and Autonomous Vehicles: Ethics Preference Modeling and Implementation of Personal Ethics Setting for Autonomous Vehicles in Dilemmas

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) inevitably confront dilemmas in which collisions cannot be avoided, and collision avoidance involves ethical issues due to harm distribution among traffic participants. Regarding how AVs should respond to dilemmas, ethical divergence is the main barrier that exists universally in human society. To overcome this barrier, the rational ethical propensity, i.e., the inclination of evasive steering (IES), of Chinese respondents in two typical dilemmas was collected via an online survey to construct AVs’ ethical model. Respondents were partitioned into two subgroups with relative ethical preferences to address the main ethical divergence based on their IES. The analytical IES ethical model, describing relationships among the respondents’ ethical intention and sensitive factors, was proposed. Three IES models for the two partitioned subgroups and the total respondents were fitted. Personal ethics setting (PES) was implemented with the subgroups’ models as the boundaries of operation space. PES-based trajectory planning experiments were conducted, and simulation results showed that AVs make evasive decisions in line with their ethical preference.

Conversations About Instructional Touch in the Voice Studio

Recent events, such as the #MeToo initiative, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Black Lives Matter movement, have resulted in the reexamination of many aspects of vocal education, one of which concerns instructional touch in the voice studio. Both touchless pedagogy and use of touch are viable approaches if done with ethical intention, process, and research, considerations that are explored in this article.

Consumer Buying Behavior Using Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Study on Reusable Hygiene Products Segment

Innovative solutions are at the base of any social and environmental problems and become the pull forpeople to pursue ethical consumerism. This capability is even more critical in times of global crises, such as theone caused by COVID-19. The purpose of the study is to identify the proposed personal traits and factors that affect female consumers’ ethical fashion adoption towards reusable handloom Hygiene pads and to provide managerialimplications in the future. A quantitative approach to the study was employed. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from Kerala, which yielded 302 responses from the southern states of India. Factor analysis and correlation were employed to test the proposed hypothesis. This studysuccessfully classified twenty-five items covering various personal traits like product awareness, productattributes, price sensitivity, past sustainable behavior, perceived obsolescence and consumer innovativeness intofour factors using exploratory factor analysis. These four factors were Environmental consciousness, Priceconsciousness, Novelty-Style Consciousness, and Consumer innovativeness. These factors also show a robust positiverelationship towards ethical fashion adaptation. The result of the study is expected to be valuable for handloom padmanufacturers and producers that are alert about sustainable revenue generation to establish better sustainableinnovations and niche service strategies. Also, it is hoped that this paper will add more inputs to the existingliterature review on females’ ethical fashion adoption intention, especially in handloom fashion-adoptions.

MORAL INTENSITY AND ETHICAL ANALYSIS IN ACCOUNTING DECISION MAKING

Theoretically there are four stages in ethical decision making, namely identification of an ethical dilemma, ethical judgment, ethical intention, and ethical action. This study examines the relationship between perceived moral intensity and the first three stages of the ethical decision-making process for accounting students. This study uses an experimental design that uses four business scenarios. This study examines three stages in the ethical decision-making process and provides additional support for the role of moral intensity in ethical decision-making. The results of empirical testing at least partially support all the hypotheses developed in this study. Ethical identification was significantly related to ethical judgment and ethical intention of the four scenarios and ethical judgment was significantly related to ethical intention of the four scenarios. The two dimensions of moral intensity are differently related to the stages of the ethical decision-making process with social consensus emerging as the most important component of moral intensity

A Meta-Analytical Assessment of the Effect of Deontological Evaluations and Teleological Evaluations on Ethical Judgments/Intentions.

Deontological and teleological evaluations are widely utilized in the context of consumer decision-making. Despite their use, the differential effect of these distinct types of evaluations, and the conditions under which they hold, remains an unresolved issue. Thus, we conduct a meta-analysis of 316 effect sizes, from 53 research articles, to evaluate the extent to which deontological and teleological evaluations influence ethical judgments and intentions, and under what circumstances the influence occurs. The effect is explored across three categories of moderators: (1) contextual elements of the ethical issue, (2) stakeholders, and (3) methodological characteristics of primary studies. We find that the overall effect of deontological evaluations on ethical judgments and intentions is stronger than for teleological evaluations; however, the magnitude of the effect is contingent on several moderators. Deontological evaluations are weaker in offline consumer contexts and stronger when there are financial implications of the ethical issue. Conversely, the effect of teleological evaluations is relatively stable across ethical consumer contexts. Teleological evaluations are stronger from a utilitarian perspective than from an egoist one. Furthermore, the effect of deontological evaluations is weaker, but the effect for teleological evaluations is stronger, when the decision-maker has a personal relationship (as compared to an organizational relationship) with the victim of the unethical act. Findings validate the effect of both deontological and teleological evaluations on ethical judgments and intentions and highlight their importance in consumers' ethical decision-making. Implications for developing programs to prevent consumer unethical behavior are discussed.

Performances Infantes: um convite ao desver com crianças

ABSTRACT In this article, we aimed to problematize the image performances carried out by 3-year-old children and how these productions cross the context in which they were created: an Early Childhood Education school and a doctoral research in progress. We discuss the intertwining and reverberations of the conceptions of childhood that direct education and the potencies of the images fraught with childhood that create possibilities of cracking the singular and adult-centric ways of being, feeling, and living. It is concluded that, guided by an ethical, aesthetic and political intention, the children's performances create possibilities and announce the urgency of other postures when inhabiting childhood spaces.

Toward Closing the Moral-Judgment Gap: Conceptualizing Learner-Centered, Multi-Modal Business Ethics Education

Business ethics can be taught as a stand-alone course or be woven throughout a curriculum. There is a debate over whether to teach ethics in the form of theory or real-world connectedness or both. A moral-judgment gap exists, and many believe Business education should promote knowledge and skills that enable ethical intentions to be followed with ethical behaviors. This conceptual paper diagrams where the gap exists in Business Ethics education and theorizes how multi-modal, learning-centered ethics teaching can bridge this shortfall. Literature from the field of Education is drawn upon for pedagogies that promote learning and application. Case studies, constructed narratives, and simulations function as several key components useful for developing complex skills needed for applying ethical reasoning. Additional components and strategies that undergird and reinforce the case studies and other active learning components are laid out in pyramid form toward an overall best-practices approach to developing principled moral reasoning in Business Ethics.

Your Body is not your own: A Political Theological Engagement with Gretha Wiid’s Patriarchal Interpretation of Ephesians 5:22-23

Why does Gretha Wiid call upon her predominately white Afrikaner female followers to submit themselves unquestioningly to the sexual will and social authority of their husbands? Why would some of these women willingly give over their bodies and their agency to be considered “Worthy Women of God”? This paper engages the founder of the “Worthy Women of God” movement, Gretha Wiid’s, interpretation of Ephesians 5:22–23. It aims to explicate the political theology that underpins and informs Wiid’s patriarchal hermeneutics by placing it within the cultural, political, racial, and gendered context of a changing South Africa. In order to do so we shall consider the ways in which Wiid has interpreted Ephesians 5:22–23 in her publications, public addresses, and DVD / Video materials. By understanding her tacit political convictions, one can gain a clearer understanding of her hermeneutic strategy, and the reception of her patriarchal theology among her predominantly white, middle class, Afrikaner, women followers. It will be argued that her political strategy is diametrically opposed to the ethical intent contained in Ephesians 5:21–33. Keywords: Feminism, Gender, Sexuality, Patriarchy, Oppression, South Africa, Political Theology, Ephesians, Apartheid, Whiteness, Worthy Women of God

Determining The Factors Influence Ethical Behavior Intention Among Accounting Students: Madagascar and Indonesia Cases

Ethical behavior is very essential for a professional career as well as in academics, especially for accounting students. Ethics makes an individual behave, engage, participate, and intend an ethical and right decision. It is important to study the ethical behavior among accounting students, knowing the factors influencing the intention of accounting students to engage or participate in ethical behavior would help to prepare an effective behavior and engage ethically in their future careers. This study discusses the ethical behavior of university students majoring in Accounting in Madagascar and Indonesia and its purpose is to analyze the influence of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control on the ethical behavior of university accounting students in Madagascar and Indonesia. This study was conducted on 200 respondents, precisely 100 from Madagascar and 100 from Indonesia, all of whom are university accounting students. The result of the analysis showed that together attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control has a positive influence on the ethical behavior of university accounting students in Madagascar and Indonesia. Based on the results of data processing using multi-group regression analysis using SPSS software, proven that attitude and perceived behavior control has a positive effect and significant effect on the ethical behavior of university accounting students, while subjective norm does not affect the intention of student toward ethical behavior.

Validating Antecedent Factors Affecting Ethical Purchase Behavior: Comparing the Effect of Customer Citizenship versus Corporate Citizenship

The objective of this study was to verify the influence of corporate image and subjective norms on consumers’ purchase intention of a firm’s products. Another important objective was to determine what kind of citizenship—corporate citizenship or customer citizenship—has a greater impact on the relationships between corporate image and purchase intention, and between subjective norms and purchase intention. The findings suggest that both ethical corporate image and subjective norms have positive effects on ethical purchase intention, and that both corporate and customer citizenship significantly moderate this causal relationship. Specifically, we found that corporate citizenship exerted greater impact as a moderator than customer citizenship on ethical purchase behavior. This finding has important theoretical/practical implications as it highlights the weighted attention to be paid to individual versus corporate focus in the study of ethical consumption behavior. In particular, the finding sheds light on the importance of subjective norms as a social peer pressure mechanism since ethical consumption is embedded with socially responsible consumption behavior.