Ethical Violations Research Articles

Building a Culture of Academic Integrity in the Student Environment Case of Vinnytsia National Technical University (Ukraine)

Since Ukraine has declared its intention to reform higher education aligned with the European standards, it has been stated that quality assurance of education in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is one of the main conditions for trust, mobility, motivation, compatibility and attractiveness of higher education. One of the key components for the internal quality assurance system in the higher education institutions (HEI) is the establishment of the system of academic integrity at the institutional level allowing creation of a zero environment of tolerance to violations of academic integrity and ethics of academic relations; this justifies the relevance of the article. The aim of the article is to analyze Vinnytsia National Technical University (VNTU) experience in implementing the project “Building a culture of academic integrity in the student environment”. The project has been implemented within the framework of the Ukraine Higher Education Leadership Development Programme. To achieve this aim, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and systematization of a set of actions contributing to the project implementation have been used. The outcomes of the project have been described and it has been established that the implementation of policies and mechanisms to ensure academic integrity in teaching, learning and research needs to be shifted from penalty for violation of academic integrity to planning and implementing explanatory and educational activities. Steps for further development of the culture of academic integrity in VNTU have been outlined.

Violation of ethics of professional communication and legal liability of people's deputies

The study is devoted to interdisciplinary analysis and characterization of ethical behavior of people's deputies, features of its violation and legal liability for such violations. The interdisciplinarity of this study is firstly connected with the study which identified the basic norms and principles of professional communication and parliamentary ethics in terms of philological science, and then analyzed the main areas of legal liability of deputies for violations related to the legal basis of the study. Attention is focused on the features of professional communication, which correlates with various forms of conversation, listening, writing and responding, which are carried out both at work and outside it, in person or in electronic form. Professional communication, as part of the study of political discourse, is related to such concepts as professional competence and the culture of professional communication, which is primarily related to the culture of perception, culture of reflection, culture of communication and culture of interaction. According to the Law of Ukraine on the Status of the People’s Deputy, the status, rights, and responsibilities of the people’s deputies, which are connected with conducting political activity, are determined. Deputy ethics is considered as a subdivision of professional ethics which task is to regulate both parliamentary and extra-parliamentary relations. The Ukrainian model of regulation of such activities envisages the existence of a regulatory body (the Committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the Rules of Procedure, Deputy Ethics and Organization of Work of the Verkhovna Rada, which is accountable to the Parliament of Ukraine). Professional parliamentary activity imposes special obligations on the representatives of the deputy corps to ensure the moral nature of the relationship that develops in connection with its implementation. It is clear that the deputy, carrying out his parliamentary activities, is obliged to adhere to the norms of professional ethics and conduct, violations of which lead to legal liability.

Ethics Committee as A Tool to Improve the Management of Psychological and Pedagogical Research

The article considers the problem of low quality pedagogical and psychological/pedagogical research in the Russian academic context, closely interconnected with bad academic practices in conducting this kind of research. The authors identified the most common ethical violations, including imitation of scientific research, compiling scientific texts, falsification of results, incorrect borrowing, etc. The paper contains a pre-project analysis of the management model of psychological and pedagogical research common in modern Russian universities and conclusions on its failure in the conditions of transition to the global standards for assessing the quality of education and research. The authors present an approach to the development of a model for managing psychological and pedagogical research at the university level. The proposed model is based on international standards of scientific ethics and principles of evidence-based science, and the committee on the ethics of psychological and pedagogical research is its key element. The paper determines the status, structure, functions of the ethics committee, as well as specific features and possible risks of implementing the proposed alternative model in universities with serious problems in the field of good academic practice.

CRISPR's Twisted Tales: Clarifying Misconceptions about Heritable Genome Editing.

The raging controversy about whether heritable genome editing should be permitted is shaped and structured by the prevailing and countervailing narratives in circulation. In recent years, considerable shortcomings have come to characterize this discourse; it is now time to identify and correct a number of serious misunderstandings and distortions that have taken hold. This essay begins by briefly evaluating reactions to the November 2018 announcement that gene-edited babies had been born; it asserts that widespread agreement about the researcher's recklessness and dire ethical violations concealed deep fault lines among participants in the heritable genome editing debate. It goes on to consider several key omissions and misrepresentations that distort public understanding and undermine genuine debate. It suggests that the conversation must be refocused away from technical, medical, and scientific considerations toward matters of societal meanings, values, context, and consequences. It concludes with criteria for a broadly inclusive and meaningful decision-making process about whether heritable genome editing has any place in the shared and just future to which we aspire.

The Regulation of Lawyers in Compliance

The field of compliance has exploded in interest, attention, and growth over recent years. It has emerged as a popular career path for those trained in the law, giving rise to an influx of job opportunities for new law school graduates and seasoned attorneys alike. Additionally, compliance has tightened the essential interplay between business and law. Numerous compliance officers hold J.D. degrees and many also serve simultaneously as both an organization’s chief compliance officer and general counsel, thereby muddying the lines between the circumstances in which such services constitute the “practice of law” requiring adherence to professional rules of responsibility or non-legal work where such rules would typically not be applicable. This Article will analyze these important distinctions, as well as the lack of regulatory guidance for lawyers in the compliance function, by viewing the discussion largely through the lens of an often-unnoticed ethical rule — the American Bar Association’s Model Rule 5.7 — which requires lawyers to comply with the full range of professional conduct rules even when they are providing a non-legal “law-related service.” This Article will argue that the compliance function is a near-precise fit for this rule and will propose reform to the current regulatory model to ensure that the interests of lawyers, as well as the recipients of their services, are protected to the most fruitful extent possible in today’s compliance-driven era. While placing this examination in the context of current scholarly debate that challenges traditional “zealous advocate” models of attorney representation, this Article will claim that, without adequate and clear regulatory reform to establish guidelines for behavior, lawyers in compliance functions risk heightened personal liability due to potential ethical violations from their respective jurisdictions of admission.

Code of Ethics, Clawback Incentive Schemes, and Personal Value to Mitigate Earnings Management Intention

Research aims : This study aimed to examine the role of a code of ethics and clawback incentive schemes to mitigate earnings management intention. This study also examined the effect of personal value on the relationship between the code of ethics and incentive schemes with earnings management intention. Design/Methodology/Approach : The research method used in this study was an experimental approach with a factorial design of 2x3 between-subjects. The subjects were 83 students from the undergraduate and postgraduate of Accounting Program from a public university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. To test the hypotheses, two-way ANOVA was used. Research findings : This study discovered that the code of ethics was able to mitigate earnings management intention. However, it should be completed by clear and strict sanctions for ethical violations. The results, however, showed that there were no significant different effects between clawback and bonus-only incentive schemes on earnings management intention. Additionally, this study provided empirical evidence that personal value did not moderate the relationship between the code of ethics and incentive schemes on earnings management intention. Theoretical contribution/Originality : This study showed the causality relationship between the code of ethics and incentive scheme with earnings management intention through the use of experimental methods. Practitioner/Policy implication : This study has important implications for company management in designing and implementing a code of ethics effectively, namely the company should provide sanctions for those who violate the code of ethics. Research limitation/Implication : First, this study only examined earnings management in the form of real earnings management as the operating decisions. Second, most of the data collection was carried out after class, causing participants to lack concentration as they were tired of the lessons in class. Keywords : Earnings Management Intention, Code of Ethics, Clawback Incentive Schemes, Personal Value

Government responses to physician involvement in the CIA's rendition, detention, and interrogation program after 9/11

Summary Civilian and government bioethicists have debated whether physician participation in detainee interrogations throughout the War on Terror constituted ethical violations. Civilian bioethicists tend to posit that: (1) the government's physicians are subject to the same ethical guidelines as civilian physicians, (2) circumstances may force government physicians into a dual loyalty conflict whereby they must decide whether to prioritize the state or the detainee's interests, and (3) government physicians must always prioritize the detainee's interests. In contrast, government bioethicists argue that: (1) the ethical guidelines for military physicians are not the same as for civilian physicians, (2) military physicians must prioritize the mission's interests over a detainee's when loyalties come into conflict, and (3) military physicians must escalate potential bioethical violations through the chain of command or risk professional and personal consequences. Using declassified documents from the ACLU's Torture Database, this paper explores government responses to the bioethics of physician involvement in detainee interrogations. Documents indicate that government agencies adopted different policies. Recognizing that agencies did not act monolithically helps establish accountability as more records are declassified to develop institutionally relevant solutions.

Banker Professional Ethics Violation in Banking Business

Banker Professional Ethics Violation in Banking Business

Visiting Holocaust: Related Sites in Germany with Medical Students as an Aid to Teaching Medical Ethics and Human Rights

Some doctors and nurses played a key role in Nazism. They were responsible for the sterilization and murder of people with disabilities. Nazi doctors used concentration camp inmates as guinea pigs in medical experiments that had military or racial objectives. What we have learnt about the behaviour of doctors and nurses during the Nazi period enables us to reflect on several issues in present-day medicine (research limitations, decision making at the beginning and the end of a life and the relationship between physicians and the State). In some authors' opinions, the teaching of the medical aspects of the Holocaust could be a new model for education relating to professionalism, Human Rights, Bioethics and the respect of diversity. Teaching Medicine and the Holocaust could be a way of informing doctors and nurses of violations of Ethics in the past. Moreover, a Study Trip to Holocaust and Medicine related sites has a strong pedagogical value. Visiting Holocaust related sites, T4 centres and the places where medical experiments were carried out, has a special meaning for medical students. Additionally, tolerance, anti-discrimination, and the value of human life can be both taught and learned through this curriculum. The following article recounts our experiences of organizing and supervising a study trip with a group of medical students to some Holocaust and medicine-related sites in Berlin and Hadamar (Germany). The study tour included lectures at universities in Düsseldorf and Berlin.

Etika Aparatur Sipil Negara dalam Membangun Good Governance

Civil servants as a government apparatus are required to have ethics. However, the phenomenon of many civil servants being convicted of corruption and still receiving salaries, even filed a lawsuit, left a big question mark regarding their compliance with ethics. The method used in this paper is a literature study. The results showed that corruption is a violation of ethics and the reluctance to resign and even sue when dismissal is clearly contrary to ethical behavior. Legal norms as a manifestation of ethics in the form of written law and an embodiment of good governance are good enough, it's just that law enforcement must be done by superiors, Staff Development Officers are not done and they become part of those who also violate ethics because they do not want to uphold ethics in his environment. This also is not in line with the spirit of good governance that not only wants the rule of law but also must have law enforcement. In the future, as an effort to create ethical Civil Servants, law enforcement must be carried out absolutely.

Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian dan Pejabat yang Berwenang atas Kesalahan dalam Penjatuhan Hukuman Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil

Law enforcement is an effort to build legal ideas and concepts that are expected by the people to become a reality. Supervision and the imposition of the right sanctions for indisiplinary and code of ethics violations is needed in the context of law enforcement. The law firmly states that government officers are dishonorably discharged because they are convicted of a criminal offense or criminal offense that has to do with office and / or general crime, including acts of corruption. It is necessary to review the application of appropriate principles and norms to fulfill the accountability of officials who do not use their authority to impose sanctions for violations committed by public servants. We must examine and review various regulations relating using a normative juridical approach to find out how these regulations are implemented in administrative law enforcement. Administrative and criminal legal liability in the form of sanctions must be imposed on the Chief Officer / Authorized Officer.

Responses to Ethical Violations by Female Sports Leaders: A Relational Approach

Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Studys Responses to Ethical Violations by Female Sports Leaders: A Relational Approach Audrey J Murrell* and Ray Jones Professor of Business Administration, USA *Corresponding author: Audrey J Murrell, Professor of Business Administration, USA Submission: December 11, 2019 Published: December 18, 2019 DOI: 10.31031/PPRS.2020.03.000560 ISSN 2639-0612Volume3 Issue2

The Tension and Synergy of Ethical Sources in The Relations of Lecturers and Students in Indonesian Universities

Higher education is expected to be a place to nurture youth or young generation who is strong, devoted to God and able to work for humanity. However, this highly trusted institution still faces ambiguous ethical issues that are shown by the mental attitude and behaviour of lecturers and students, such as plagiarism, sexual harassment and other immoral acts. Various incidents of ethical violations can be found in private and public universities, which are affiliated with certain religions or not. This research investigates the source of ethical considerations which underlie the relationship between lecturers and students in realizing their spirit and dignity as academic community. This research was conducted in four cities, namely Yogyakarta, Jakarta, Surabaya and Ruteng, using a qualitative approach, with the interview method and FGD to gather information. The ethical framework theory of Ibn Miskawayh and Immanuel Kant is used to analyze the data found. The results showed a variety of ethical sources referred by lecturers and students in carrying out their participation in higher education; the most widely referred sources are informants from religion, culture and objective rationality. The data also shows the existence of this ethical reference contestation, for example in the case of violations of sexual ethics, the male and the lecturers are more advantageous than students and women because cultural ethics is more in favour of men. Although all universities studied have a professional code of ethics, the ethical integrity of individual lecturers and students is no less important to be strengthened.

ARE ALGORITHMS BIASED?

ABSTRACT Algorithms have come to impact major decisions that affect all aspects of our lives. Although one might assume that information and analysis provided by a machine would be completely objective and free of any bias that is not the case. The values of those who develop and use them are reflected, intentionally or unintentionally. In this paper we examine cases of algorithm bias and consider related ethical issues. When managers rely on algorithms to make decisions that impact their organizations, as well as all members of society, it can be a useful tool, but there can also be negative consequences. Developers, users, and managers all must be aware of the ethical questions which can result. Creating ethical system standards should be part of the development process. And analysis provided through algorithms should be part of the decision-making process, but not the dominant factor. Keywords Algorithms; Bias; Ethical Violations

Ethical violations and the publication of journal articles

There is a high demand for publication in the form of scientific articles in reputable journals in the academic world in Indonesia. Research publication in reputable or accredited national journals is required for graduation from tertiary institutions for master level students.Publication in reputable international journals is also a requirement for doctoral-level students graduation. For teaching staff, research publication in the form of peer reviewed journal articles is also a requirement for higher levels in the academic career. The increasing demand for scientific publication also reported globally. Furthermore, various reported reasons for publication include adding work resumes, for job promotion, obtaining funding grants, competition among colleagues or proving supremacy, and even in some universities, the history of publications is used as the criteria for determining dissertation internal and external examiners.

THE JOURNALIST’S COMMUNITY AND ETHICS CODE IN INDONESIA

A violation of ethics code reported by some journalists shows that there is a problem in the journalistic ethics code. This research aims to find out the role of journalists community in influencing the knowledge of journalistic ethics code. This qualitative research method done by interviewing some of reporters in Solo, Central Java, Indonesia. The results showed two supportive community groups that support Indonesian journalist code of ethics, Kode Etik Wartawan Indonesia (KEWI) and also did not support it. The first group will help the role of press companies and organisations in providing the knowledge of journalistic ethics code. Meanwhile, the second group maybe will blockage the role of press companies and organisations in providing the knowledge of journalistic ethics code Thus community will becomes one of the important factor for journalists in learning and gaining the knowledge of journalistic ethics code, outside the press company and the press organization

The impact of value-related crises on price and product-performance elasticities

Previous research on the impact of corporate crises on customers’ elasticity has largely focused on performance-related crises (e.g., product recalls) and found an increasing price elasticity under these conditions. We investigate whether this result differs for value-related crises that are due to ethical violations, such as the use of child labor or environmental pollution. In line with moral foundation theory (MFT), we propose that value-related crises lead to stronger moral outrage and increased boycott intentions, thereby decreasing price and product-performance elasticities. We first analyze more than 360,000 Facebook user comments in relation to four value-related and four performance-related crises and show that the different outcomes for value- and performance-related crises can be explained according to MFT. Then, through discrete choice experiments, we demonstrate that, in contrast to performance-related crises, price elasticity decreases substantially for a value-related crisis that affects both violating and nonviolating companies. We also show for the first time the impact on product-performance elasticities with similar negative effects as for price. The results are stable even for different product categories, causes of ethical violations, and measurement conditions. As a result, it is more difficult for companies to recover from value- than performance-related crises.

Ethical Climate among SME Employees Has No Effect on Job Satisfaction in the Western Sugar Belt Kenya

The practice of business ethics has grown considerably over the last decade. Small business enterprises today are expected to meet standards of responsible business conduct. Moral decay has, however, reached high levels not only in the public sector but also in the business community including cane haulage transport MSEs. An estimated 120 ethical business violations attributed to transport firms have been reported repeatedly in the recent years in the Sugar Belt. Furthermore, 63% of contracted cane transport tractors were reported to have been involved in cane losses, with the situation worsening to 73% in the past years. Consequently, there have been calls for research on the possible effect of ethical business practices among SME employees and their job satisfaction. The objective of the study, therefore, was to examine the effect of ethical treatment towards employees on employee job satisfaction. The study was guided by the stakeholder theory and a conceptual model of the same theory aimed at assessing business/stakeholder relationships. A correlational survey design was adopted for the study. The study population was made up of 1,000 Cane Haulage MSE employees. A sample size of 100 based on a 90% response rate was used. Employees were selected using simple random techniques. Questionnaires were used to obtain data from the employees. Frequencies were used to show the distribution of responses. Correlations and regression analysis were used to assess associations between ethical treatment towards employees and job satisfaction. Pearson correlations revealed that good work safety facilities positively correlated with employee loyalty. Similarly, the correlations showed that job security negatively correlated with employee loyalty. Logistic regression results showed that job security negatively affected employee loyalty. Pearson correlations further revealed that job security positively correlated with the handling of employees. On the other hand, logistic regression indicated that there was no relationship between job security and the handling of employees. The study recommended that cane transport companies should increase job security for employees. The study also recommended that transport MSE managers should use these findings to improve cane transport services and save their businesses from imminent collapse.

Violations of Journalistic Ethics in Television Programs as a Subject of the Modern Russian Television Criticism

The article reveals and studies the regularity and quality of coverage by television critics in newspapers of the journalistic professional ethic violations in television programs of five most popular television channels (“Channel One”, “Russia 1”, NTV, STS and TNT). Using the content method and comparative analysis, the authors of the article found that out of 1583 published in three years the topic of journalists’ ethical violation was covered only in 228 articles (14.4% of the total number of articles). Of the ten authors who regularly analyzed the content of television channels in the Russian press, only four critics did not remain indifferent and tried to draw public attention to violations of ethics on the part of television journalists. I. Petrovskaya, the reviewer from Novaya Gazeta, covered this issue more often than other critics. The most common ethical violation revealed by critics was the discussion in talk shows of not always proven mysteries from personal life of media people on the occasion of their passing. However, there were no special public discussions about the cases and reasons for ethical violations between critics and authors of TV projects, as well as critics and the audience. The article concludes that at present, apart from a public discussion of such cases, television critics have no opportunity to influence on the situation and change it. The authors of the article also concluded that there is a need for further constant and objective reflection of the quality of journalistic work at various levels, especially the practice of regional television journalism. The results of the study supplement the conclusions through the examples from the current practice of the Russian television criticism to the results in the articles and scientific literature of S.K. Shayhitdinova (2007), A. Kaun (2014), P.B. Orlik (2014), J.R. Linder, K.A. Lyle (2011).

Using Short Fiction to Teach Business and Environmental Ethics

This study firstly explores Ecohumanism as the educational paradigm in today’s world. Raising environmental awareness is essential in studying economics to care for the sustainability of earth resources. Using the content-analysis method, the first part of the study looks at how several basic principles in business and environmental ethics can be found in the world of fiction, in this case, a short story. The second part applies quantitative-qualitative data to examine the accounting students’ ability in showing ethical attitudes when facing business problems that potentially cause ethical violations as represented in the short story. From the questionnaire involving 118 accounting students in Indonesia and interviews with randomly selected students, the analysis reveals that the students grasp the concepts of integrity, respect for rules, respect for the environment, and professionalism. This study contributes to the gap in the practical and pedagogical field of using fictional case to teach business and environmental ethics for students of economics. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.10.3