Ethical Violations Research Articles

Ethical leadership and employee information security policy (ISP) violation: exploring dual-mediation paths

PurposeA growing number of studies have investigated the effect of ethical leadership on behavioral outcome of employees. However, considering the important role of ethics in IS security, the security literature lacks a theoretical and empirical investigation of the relationship between ethical leadership and employees' security behavior, such as information security policy (ISP) violation. Drawing on social learning and social exchange theories, this paper empirically tests the impact of ethical leadership on employees' ISP violation intention through both information security climate (i.e. from a moral manager's perspective) and affective commitment (i.e. from a moral person's perspective).Design/methodology/approachThe research was developed based on social learning theory and social exchange theory. To measure the variables in the model, the authors used and adapted measurement items from previous studies. The authors conducted a scenario-based survey with 339 valid responses to test and validate the research model.FindingsResults indicated that information security climate fully mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and ISP violation intention. The authors also found that information security climate enhances the negative effect of affective commitment on ISP violation intention.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the literature of information security by introducing the role of ethical leadership and integrating two theories into our research model. This study also calls attention to how information security climate and affective commitment mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and employees' ISP violation intention. The theory-driven study provides important pragmatic guidance for enhancing the understanding of the importance of ethical leadership in information systems security research.

Fall from grace: Ethical shortfalls and firm actions

Financial misconduct damages and stigmatizes organizations because top management is perceived to have substantial control over such actions. The extent to which misconduct is considered egregious, however, may vary depending on the context of the ethical violation. This study introduces the idea that perceptions of and reactions to a firm’s ethical performance are influenced by the conduct of its peers. Using data on S&P 1500 firms charged with financial misconduct between 2003 and 2012, we find that a firm’s ethical underperformance relative to peers, which we label as ethical shortfall, predicts CEO dismissal following an ethical violation. Our study confirms that even egregious ethical violations are interpreted and acted on using a comparative yardstick. We also find that the media’s reaction to the ethical shortfall moderates this relationship, with greater media attention strengthening the relationship between ethical shortfall and CEO dismissal. Finally, we demonstrate that the firm’s past involvement and support for corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives act as a buffer, reducing the effect of the ethical shortfall on CEO dismissal. This finding indicates that the positive reputational benefits of CSR activities can help safeguard the firm in cases of comparative ethical lapses.

Down the Slippery Slope: Moral Disengagement and Academic Integrity’s Grey Areas

Most students do not engage in serious cheating, but many engage in seemingly insignificant transgressions. While these small misgivings may be brushed aside as trivial, prior research shows that major ethical violations tend to follow small, common violations – the so-called slippery slope effect. In this study we combine computer-facilitated focus groups, an online survey and open-ended responses to identify when and why students think it is acceptable to engage in both specific minor academic integrity violations and violations more generally. We also demonstrate that the slippery slope effect occurs in academia as students who find it acceptable to violate academic integrity in more “grey area” situations also engage in more trivial and non-trivial academic integrity violations in general. We analyze our findings using mechanisms of moral disengagement and neutralization theory to categorize why students violate academic integrity and find that the mechanisms they use to justify engaging in specific trivial violations differ from those they use to justify violating academic integrity more generally. We conclude with recommendations that directly address ways that faculty and administration can neutralize the mechanisms that students use to morally disengage both in relation to specific trivial violations as well as more generally.

A “Talent Agency” refers children for research: A case study

Objective Ethical standards state research participation must be voluntary and free of coercion and undue influence, but what if a third party appears to engage in research-relevant coercion, without the researchers’ knowledge? This case study describes this type of situation and its resolution. Methods We are engaged in a randomized clinical trial evaluating pedestrian safety with 7- and 8- years old. Depending on children's rate of learning, families receive up to $1275 for their time. We recently learned a third-party “talent agency,” a firm placing children in modeling and acting jobs, was referring families to our research with the expectation that families would share 20% of study reimbursements. Results We sensed clear impropriety, but identified no ethical violations on our part as researchers. Once paid a study reimbursement, participants can spend funds how they wish. We were concerned, however, that the third-party was exploitatively coercing families to participate. Conclusions We pursued four avenues to resolve the issue. First, we documented the situation to our university Institutional Review Board. Second, we contacted the talent agency and requested they stop referring families to our research. They agreed. Third, we retained children engaged in our study who were referred from the talent agency; removing them partway through the clinical trial could impact study results. In doing so, we explained that we were unaware of the talent agency referral and that they were not obligated by us to offer a portion of the study reimbursement to the talent agency. Last, we asked newly enrolled families about their referral source.

How I Review a Paper to Help Improve Citability and Impact

How I Review a Paper to Help Improve Citability and Impact

Ethics on the Beat: An Analysis of Ethical Breaches Across News Beats from 1999 to 2019

ABSTRACT This article examines press ethics across different news beats. Traditionally, studies of news beats have focused on the development, output or routines of a particular news beat, but few studies have focused on press ethics. In Denmark, the debate on press ethics began in the 1930s and has often focused on the crime beat. Today, the “Advisory rules of sound press ethics” apply to all content produced by leading news media and are under the supervision of the Press Council. We analyse rulings from the Press Council from 1999 to 2019 to investigate if and how breaches of press ethics differ across news beats. We find that out of 3406 complaints, 764 have led to rulings that criticise specific news media for ethical violations. We code each violation according to news beat, finding that breaches most often concern the business beat, the crime beat, and the health and social beat. We also find that the types of ethical breaches differ across beats. Thus, the most common breach within the business beat is not following up on a ruling from the Press Council, whereas the most common breach in crime reporting is the unnecessary identification of persons mentioned in crime stories.

Upholding ACM's principles

Repeated ethical violations ends with membership revocation and ban.

Forensic Anthropology as a Discipline.

Simple SummaryForensic anthropology in the United States is a specialization within the overall field of anthropology. Forensic anthropologists are specially educated and trained to search, recover, and examine human remains within a medicolegal context. Over time, forensic anthropology has become increasingly specialized and distinct from other specializations within anthropology. As such, we argue that forensic anthropology should be considered its own discipline, with a unique knowledge base, separate from other similar forms of anthropology, such a bioarchaeology. We argue that forensic anthropologists have unique expertise, making them the only type of anthropologist qualified to perform medicolegal examinations of human remains. Finally, we contend that to perform or represent yourself as a forensic anthropologist without the appropriate expertise is ethical misconduct. The value of this paper is that it explains the importance of expertise and knowledge, and how forensic anthropology has diverged from other specializations of anthropology enough to be considered its own discipline.This paper explores the current state of forensic anthropology in the United States as a distinct discipline. Forensic anthropology has become increasingly specialized and the need for strengthened professionalization is becoming paramount. This includes a need for clearly defined qualifications, training, standards of practice, certification processes, and ethical guidelines. Within this discussion, the concept of expertise is explored in relation to professionalization and practice, as both bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology have different areas of specialist knowledge, and therefore unique expertise. As working outside one’s area of expertise is an ethical violation, it is important for professional organizations to outline requisite qualifications, develop standards and best practice guidelines, and enforce robust preventive ethical codes in order to serve both their professional members and relevant stakeholders.

Taken for Suckers: Causal Attributions of the Consequences of Overcharging Sales Tax in Daily Deal Transactions

ABSTRACTIn an experimental setting, we examine consumer reactions in daily deal transactions when they are overcharged sales tax. Overcharges arise when the daily deal operators subsequently provide additional discounts to consumers unbeknownst to the merchants. Drawing on social status and attribution theories, we posit that consumers will ascribe causes for the overcharges to the merchants because of their lower status when compared to the higher status of the daily deal operators. We then examine the main and moderating effects of the overcharges on the behavioral intentions of consumers to repurchase from merchants. Merchants' ability to verify correct sales prices, descriptive social norms, and the trust placed in accountants explain variations in repurchase intentions. Overall, the results suggest that ethical norm violations by higher-status entities results in the transfer of negative consequences to lower-status entities. Forensic accountants can be instrumental in helping businesses to understand the effects of ethical norm violations.

EFEKTIVITAS BADAN PENGAWAS PEMILIHAN UMUM DALAM PENANGANAN PELANGGARAN PADA PEMILIHAN UMUM TAHUN 2019

Abstract: There are still many violations in every general election such as administrative, criminal and ethical code violations in Bengkulu City. There are two problems examined in this thesis reviewing the Effectiveness of the General Election Supervisory Agency in handling violations in the general election and sanctions given by the Election Supervisory Agency in settlement of handling violations that occur in the general election. This research used the normative-empirical legal research method, namely legal research on the enforcement or implementation of normative legal provisions in action on any particular legal event that occurs in the community. Normative research is a legal research that examines written law from aspects of theory, history, philosophy, comparison, structure and composition, scope and material, general explanation of article by article, formality and the strength of binding a law but does not bind the applied aspects or its implementation whereas the Empirical research is an unwritten positive legal research concerning the behavior of community members in community relations. The resolution in handling of violations in the general election is still less effective because there are still many violations that still occur at the time the general election takes place and the sanctions given have no clear firmness and have not caused a deterrent effect for who committed violations. Keywords: Effectiveness, Supervision, Violations

Perceived health risk, online retail ethics, and consumer behavior within online shopping during the COVID-19 pandemic

The risk of virus contracting during the COVID-19 pandemic has changed consumer preference for online shopping to meet their daily needs than shopping in brick-and-mortar stores. Online shopping presents a different environment, atmosphere, and experience. The possibility of ethical violations is higher during online than face-to-face transactions. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the influence of perceived health risk and customer perception of online retail ethics on consumer online shopping behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, involving seven variables, namely perceived health risk, security, privacy, non-deception, reliability fulfillment, service recovery, and online shopping behavior. The data were collected through an online survey by employing the purposive sampling technique to a consumer who has shopped online during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. 315 valid responses were obtained and analyzed through quantitative method using SEM-Amos. The results showed that perceived health risk and four variables of online retail ethics including security, privacy, reliability fulfillment, and service recovery affected online shopping behavior. Meanwhile, non-deception was found to have an insignificant effect. The coefficient value proved perceived health risk to be more dominant in influencing online shopping behavior than the variables of online retail ethics. Thus, consumers pay more concern for their health during online shopping. However, positive consumer perceptions of the behavior of online retail websites in providing services also can encourage consumers to shop online during this pandemic.

On Improving Administrative and Legal Provision of HR Management in State Forensic Institutions and Professional Training of Forensic Experts of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine

The problematic issues of administrative and legal provision HR management of state forensic institutions and professional training of forensic experts of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine have been studied. Specific propositions for improving the regulatory and legal, organizational and methodological provision of this area of ​​activity have been provided. The author has emphasized the need to reform the HR management system of state forensic institutions and professional training of forensic experts, which is a guarantee of filling these institutions with highly qualified personnel.
 It has been offered to further study, develop and approve certain regulatory acts by orders of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on HR management of state forensic institutions and professional training of forensic experts, namely: standard staffs; instructions on the organization of personnel accounting, staffing and HR work, professional training of forensic experts of state forensic institutions and forensic experts who are not employees of state forensic institutions; provisions on the formation of employee pool for superior positions.
 The emphasis has been placed on the need to revise and update the Handbook of Qualifications for employees of forensic research institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, approved by the order of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine dated from April 19, 2012 No. 611/5.
 It has been proved that the Code of Professional Ethics of forensic experts has to be developed and approved at the level of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which would be applied to all forensic experts of Ukraine regardless of departmental subordination and employment and should have a positive impact on the quality of judicial duties performed by forensic experts – drawing up qualitative and objective expert opinions. The guarantee of executing the requirements of the specified Code by the experts should be the normative consolidation of the expert’s responsibility for violation of professional ethics.

Social workers’ perceptions of their peers’ unprofessional behavior

Summary This article explores social workers’ perceptions of their colleagues’ professional mistakes, and the influences of those opinions. Vignettes in a factorial survey helped to determine whether certain variables related to the social worker or the situation influenced the perception of others’ professional errors and ethical violations. The changed variables included personal characteristics of the offending social worker such as perceived race, gender, and sexual orientation of the social worker, and characteristics of the situation, such as the length of time involved in unprofessional behavior. Findings Licensed social workers in six U.S. states ( n = 5596) read vignettes based on real cases brought before licensing boards ( n = 22,127) and assigned levels of seriousness and importance to discipline. The vignettes rated most highly involved perceived harm to a client or other vulnerable individual. Those on the lower end of seriousness and importance to discipline were those violations against the profession of social work. Analysis of changed variables indicated respondents’ ratings were influenced by several situational factors, but not by personal characteristics of the social worker involved in the vignette. Applications Our findings provide some insight into the decision-making factors important to social workers. The results may be helpful to licensing boards considering the contextual factors of unprofessional behavior and whether to discipline certain actions.

Maqashid Sharia in Islamic Economics and Finance Research

Islam has governed all aspects of human life in various fields. be it the social, political, legal, cultural, health and so on. During the development, the bad guys also increased. This is because many business ethics violations do not realize the five basic principles of life; religion, soul, ancestry, logic, and wealth (maqashid Sharia). The purpose of this study is to determine the application of Maqoshid Sharia in the economic or financial aspects of Islamic institutions. This research uses a qualitative approach. To study the content, the authors analyze the information collected through several journals registered in Scopus. The conclusion of this research is that the application of maqoshid sharia has been done well as implemented by Rasulullah SAW, as in maqoshid sharia with four protection systems that have been applied to protect the rights of human rights. but still need a lot of ideas for development. The recommendation of this research is that all aspects of life must be entered into Islamic values that are in accordance with the Sharia to meet the principles of sharia.

THE SYNCHRONIZATION NECESSARY OF NOTARY SUPERVISION BY NOTARY SUPERVISORY AND HONOUR COUNCIL

In line with the Notary's accountability for his authority, and compliance with that authority, legal certainty must be guaranteed with a continuous and effective supervision and guidance. There are currently two notary supervision and guidance institutions in Indonesia, namely the Notary Supervisory Council and the Notary Honorary Council. This study uses a normative juridical approach, which is a research that is focused on examining the application of norms or norms in positive law. Article 67 paragraph (2) of Act No. 2 of 2014 states that the Notary Supervisory Council shall supervise notaries including the behavior of the notary and the implementation of office by the notary. Meanwhile, the Honorary Council itself only provides guidance and supervision to the extent that it violates ethics. What must be remembered is that the authority possessed by the Notary Supervisory Council looks so 'broad'. This is because the Notary Supervisory Council is not only authorized to carry out guidance and supervision of notaries who violate the provisions of the law. However, the Notary Supervisory Council also provides guidance and supervision of ethical violations as carried out by the Honorary Council. The conclution of this reseach is Synchronization of Notary Supervision by the Notary Supervisory Council and guidance by the Notary Honorary Council in law enforcement is very necessary.

Pelanggaran Etika Birokrasi dalam Pemerintahan di Indonesia

In government ethics, there is a prevailing assumption that through the appreciation of good ethics, an apparatus will be able to build a commitment to make himself an example of goodness and maintain government morality. Good government officials and have high morals, will always guard themselves in order to avoid disgraceful acts, because they are called to maintain the mandate given, through imaging the behavior of daily life. Within the scope of the government profession, for example, there are certain values ​​that must be upheld in order to maintain the image of a government capable of carrying out its duties and functions. Trends or symptoms that arise today, many bureaucratic apparatus in carrying out their duties often violate the rules of the game that have been set. Cases related to ethical violations in the government bureaucracy such as corruption and gratification (bribery) involve many professions in violating ethics such as state administration officials, regional heads, legislators, prosecutors, judges, police, tax officials, and so on. Bureaucratic Ethics is part of the rules of the game in the Bureaucracy or Civil Service organization which structurally has regulated the rules of the game, which we know as. Code of Ethics for Civil Servants, which has been regulated by the Civil Service Act. To be more effective in delivering the code of ethics, the code of ethics can be read together -the same on certain occasions which is sometimes followed by a discourse from a ceremonial leader called a ceremonial inspector, the intention is to create favorable moral conditions in experienced organizations and to cultivate the necessary mental attitude, as well as to create good morals. The Code of Ethics is usually read in flag ceremonies, monthly ceremonies or ceremonies anniversary of the organization concerned, and national ceremonies. In order to create a more ethical Bureaucratic Apparatus according to the above expectations, it is necessary to make efforts and training in that direction as well as to enforce strict and clear sanctions for those who violate the code of ethics regardless of their rank and position. Anyone who violates the code of ethics, whether it's superiors or subordinates, must be dealt with firmly to create a deterrent effect. Therefore, in relation to the Code of Ethics for Civil Servants, it must really animate, appreciate and implement the employment rules that have been determined or set as the rules of the game for the Bureaucratic apparatus. Keywords: bureaucratic ethics, government

PRINSIP PENTING PUBLIKASI ILMIAH DAN PENCEGAHAN FALSIFIKASI FABRIKASI

The purpose of this study is to identify the important principles of publishing scientific research results, benefits, and systematic review of the constraints and solutions of scientific publications. The discussion of this research focuses on scientific errors in the form of falsification and fabrication. The identification of violations of scientific data distortion includes the character, causes, and prevention perspectives through a holistic approach.The research method used is qualitative research with the type of library research using keywords, namely scientific publication, manuscript, falsification, and fabrication. This study involved a systematic literature search from the online publishing database sources Sciencedirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find relevant articles published from 2000 to 2020. The study was conducted in September 2020. An electronic search revealed that there were 896 scientific publications published. relevant, of which 42 manuscripts are included in the bibliography. The synthesis of published data that was drawn was sourced from 88% of primary journals from all references, each of which was identified regarding the validity of the data for writing papers. A prospective design was used to maximize the homogeneity of the information extracted from the selected studies, as part of the research instrument.The results of the study found that the obstacles to scientific publications included the quality and novelty of research results, limited English skills, and minimal writing skills. Repeated violations of scientific thought include falsification and fabrication. This scientific error leads to distortion of research data. Individual falsification and fabrication errors are caused by unethical behavior, violations of applicable scientific norms and ethics.

Ad Hoc Board’s Ethics and Conduct Code Violation in Bolaang Mongondow General Election Commissions (KPU)

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of repressive and preventive actions of the Ad Hoc board’s Ethics and Conduct Code in Bolaang Mongondow KPU. The research method used was empirical legal research methods, the data were from primary and secondary data with data collection techniques used were documents study and interview. The data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis, where all collected data were analyzed, connected into one another, and presented descriptively and systematically. Based on the study results, it is known that the repressive and preventive mechanism of the Ethics and Conduct Code of Ad Hoc Board of Bolaang Mogondow KPU in organizing Election for the Governor and Deputy Governor of North Sulawesi in 2020 had been carried out in accordance with statutory regulations. There were 5 (five) cases of Ethics and Conduct Code violations carried out by the Ad Hoc Board within the Bolaang Mongondow KPU.

‘Scaling’ the academia: Perspectives of academics on the impact of their practices

AbstractThe pressure on the universities to take a visible place in the rankings has caused anachronistic policies and practices in evaluating the performance of universities. The value attributed to the rankings results in policies prioritizing the criteria imposed by rankings while evaluating the performance of academics, which successively causes several issues in assessing the real impact of the academic practices. Considering these criticisms and concerns about the impact assessment, this study aimed at exploring the perceptions of academics about the impact of their academic practices. Adapting the interpretive phenomenological design, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from the field of education in five flagship universities of Turkey. The findings of the study revealed that, although impact assessment understanding of the academics and their institutions go parallel with covering the practices around three basic missions of the university, many activities go in between without recognition by the same impact assessment practices. Interestingly, the academics exhibited their commitment to institutional policies in impact assessment practices; however, they exhibit resentment for the same policies due to failing to recognize the localized mission of the university, threatening the deeply rooted values of the academy, fouling the academy with ethical violations, and causing further detachment between academic practices and societal needs. The concerns and criticism of the current impact assessment are likely to alter the priorities of the universities and push them to adapt an impact assessment, which is less relevant to the local needs of their societies.

RETRACTION NOTICE TO ‘‘N-Terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) in Stage 1 and Stage 2 Hypertension Patients” [Ina. J. Med. Lab. Sci. Tech. 2019;1(2): 64-67

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor in Chief of the Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratoy Science and Technology (IJMLST) volume 1 number 2 of 2020 pages 65-67 with DOI: 10.33086/ijmlst.v1i2.1159 because it has been published in the Journal of Health Information volume 17 number 1 year 2019 pages 64-74 with DOI: 10.31965/infokes.Vol17.Iss1.232.
 Papers submitted to IJMLST should neither published previously nor be under consideration for publication another journal. Therefore, the author should make a statement upon submitting. Reusing data in any form must follow good citation principles, therefore this paper has ethical violations in the scientific publishing system.