Ethanolic Leaf Extract Research Articles

A comparative study of antibacterial potentials of leaf extracts of some selected trees from Benue State University Campus on Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli

Introduction: Medicinal Plant with antimicrobial properties are of great significance in therapeutic treatments of disease caused by bacteria. Their antibacterial properties are due to compounds synthesized in their cell sap during secondary metabolism, their antibacterial activity has shown that plants represent a potential source of novel antibiotic prototypes. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial potential of three plant extracts on S. aureus and E. coli. Method: A comparative study of the antibacterial potentials of water and ethanolic leaf extracts of three plants, Parkia biglobosa, Khaya senegalensis and Daniellia oliveri, was carried out. Extracts at various regimes of concentrations, 0.2 g/ml, 0.4 g/ml, 0.6 g/ml, 0.8 g/ml and 1.0 g/ml were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The disc diffusion method of Kirby Bauer with slight modification was adapted in determining zones of inhibition. Statistical significance was considered at (p<0.05). Results: Ethanolic leaf extract of P. biglobosa recorded the highest zone of inhibition (20.0 mm) at 1.0 g/ml on S. aureus, while ethanolic leaf extract of D. oliveri had the least zone of inhibition (6.33 mm) at 0.2 g/ml on E. coli. K. senegalensis was most effective on E. coli with grand mean inhibitory effect of (13.33 mm and 12.13 mm) on ethanol and water extract respectively, while P. biglobosa was most effective on S. aureus with grand mean inhibitory effect of (13.00 mm and 12.47 mm) on ethanol and water extracts respectively. No significant difference in the grand mean inhibitory effect of the three plants on test bacterial or the type of solvent used. Conclusion: The three plants are potential useful antibacterial agents, inhibiting bacterial growth at all concentrations of the study.

Metabolite profiling, in vitro antioxidant and a-glucosidase inhibitory properties of Timonius ternifolius leaves

Abstract. Vivit MB, Batuyong RG, Damian AFT, Gaoat CA, Beltran KGD, Alejo AB, Calaramo MA, Ibana FV, Batuyong MAR. 2024. Metabolite profiling, in vitro antioxidant and a-glucosidase inhibitory properties of Timonius ternifolius leaves. Biodiversitas 25: 3027-3034. The genus Timonius (Rubiaceae) possesses different pharmacological properties. One understudied endemic species under this genus from the Philippines is the Timonius ternifolius (Bartl. ex DC.) Fern.-Vill. Hence, this study investigates the physicochemical properties and phytochemical constituents of the leaf ethanolic extract (EE) and subjected to solvent partitioning to yield the following subfractions: hexane (HE), ethyl acetate (EA), and methanol (ME) extracts, which were utilized for the in vitro antioxidant, a-glucosidase and a-amylase assays. Quantitative tests of T. ternifolius leaves revealed the following physicochemical properties: herbal tea-like odor, fibrous and fluffy appearance, 50.07% moisture content, 3.10% total ash content, and a slightly acidic pH value of 5.13. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis has identified eight putative compounds namely glabrolide, aloinoside B, 2-benzyl octanal, geumonoid, (±) gomisin M1, 25-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-a-D-xylopyranoside, lucialdehyde B, and kadsuric acid. The extracts' concentrations of flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids were 1.23±0.19 mg QE/g, 20.77±0.77 mg GAE/g, and 6.07±0.53 mg/g, respectively. Antioxidant profiling among the subfractions showed EE exhibiting the highest at 59.15±2.08 µg/mL (IC50 value). Moreover, significant a-glucosidase inhibition was noted in the EE extract at 99.74%, EA at 99.71%, and ME at 99.45%. The results showed that T. ternifolius leaves are a promising lead source of pharmacologically active compounds with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, expanding information on plant-derived alternative treatments and developing medicinal products.

Subchronic Toxicity Test of Purple Leaves Ethanol Extract (PLEE) on the Histopathological Picture of the Lymph of Wistar Rats and Antioxidant Activity

This study aims to determine the toxic effects of purple leaf ethanol extract on lymph organs at doses of 500; 2.000; and 5.000 mg/kgBB administered for 28 days and and to determine the antioxidant activity of purple leaf Graptophyllum pictum (L.) This study is an experimental study with a random group design, using 20 test animals divided into 4 groups consisting of two treatment groups, namely in the normal control group given Na-CMC 0.5% and the experimental group given PLEE (k1: dose 500 mg/kgBB, k2: dose 2.000 mg/kgBB and k3: dose 5.000 mg/kgBB hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) using a computer-connected Motic BA210 microscope with 40X magnification in 5 fields of view and antioxidant test using DPPH method with UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at 516 nm wavelength with concentration 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm. The results showed that leaf ethanol extract was toxic at a dose of 2.000 mg/kgBB – 5.000 mg/kgBB against the diameter of lymphatic organ pulp, organ index and organ weight, there were symptoms of toxicity and purple leaf ethanol extract had strong antioxidant activity with 66.26 μg/mL.

Burn Healing Activity of Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf Ethanol Extract in Second Degree Burn Wound Induced in Rats

Burn Healing Activity of Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf Ethanol Extract in Second Degree Burn Wound Induced in Rats

Antioxidant, analgetic, and anti-inflammatory activity test of purple leaf ethanol extract (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) in vitro and in vivo

Antioxidant, analgetic, and anti-inflammatory activity test of purple leaf ethanol extract (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) in vitro and in vivo

Antibacterial activity of guava leaf ethanolic extract (Psidium guajava L.) nanosuspension against Escherichia coli bacteria

Antibacterial activity of guava leaf ethanolic extract (Psidium guajava L.) nanosuspension against Escherichia coli bacteria

Determination of Total Levels of Secondary Metabolites and Oral Acute Toxicity Testing of Purple Leaf Ethanol Extract (PLEE) in Wistar Rats

Determination of Total Levels of Secondary Metabolites and Oral Acute Toxicity Testing of Purple Leaf Ethanol Extract (PLEE) in Wistar Rats

Phytochemicals and Antibiotic Studies of Ethanolic Extracts of Dennettia Tripetala (Mmimi/Pepper Fruit) and Psidium Guajava (Guava) Leaves on Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Dennetia tripetala and Psidium guajava were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from Annunciation Specialist Hospital Enugu State Nigeria. The identified isolates were sub-cultured on sterile nutrient agar plates and incubated over night at 37°C. The identified isolates were then re-identified and characterized. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Staphylococcus aureus strain which has 85% pairwise similarity with Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain SH1 and Escherichia coli strain which has 99.62% pairwise similarity with E. coli strain AC1. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis were done on the extracts of Dennetia tripetala and Psidium guajava using water and ethanol as extracting solvents. The phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and phenols. Quinonas however, was absent in this study. The isolates were screened for sensitivity to different extracts using agar well diffusion technique. The results indicated that both the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the Psidium guajava leaves showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 10mm and 12mm respectively but no activity against E. coli. On the other hand, the aqueous extracts of the Dennetia tripetala showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and E. coli at 20mm and 10mm respectively whereas, the ethanol extract has no activity on both test microorganism. The extracts were reconstituted with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to concentrations (mg/ml) of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts were determined using agar well method. The MIC of the Psidium guajava leaves extract revealed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts inhibited S. aureus at 12.5mg/ml. While MIC of the Dennetia tripetala revealed that the aquous extract inhibited S. aureus at 50mg/ml and E. coli at 100mg/ml from the results, the aqueous extracts of both plants generally have a better inhibitory property than the ethanolic extracts. Based on the present findings, Dennetia tripetala and Psidium guajava leaves possess the capability of being good candidates in the search for a natural antimicrobial agent against infections or diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

IN SILICO STUDIES OF IDENTIFIED COMPOUNDS FROM ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CELOSIA TRIGYNA AGAINST NEMATODE (Meloidogyne incognita)

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) have been found to be a major cause of considerable economic burden on the horticultural crops industry. Celosia genus have been renown to purpose antimicrobial activity. This study tends to swing the antimicrobial activity of one species of this genus i.e. Celosia trigyna against root-knot nematodes employing molecular docking methods. The identification of compounds in the leaf extract with the potential to inhibit Meloidogyne incognita was carried out in silico. Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) was employed for analysis of the ethanolic leaf extract of this plant, it revealed the presence of cis-9-tetradecanoic acid, vitexin-glucoside, 6”-O-deoxyhexoside, gallic acid, malic acid, sinapic acid, 3-feruloylquinic acid in the extract. Site-directed multiligand docking of the identified compounds was performed on protein 2MIF of Meloidogyne incognita and employing Bifenazate and Boscalid as positive controls. The binding affinity of 3-feruloylquinic (– 4.2 kcal/mol) was significantly higher than the positive control compounds i.e. Bifenazate and Boscalid (– 4.0 kcal/mol and – 3.9 kcal/mol). The interactions of this molecule with the amino acids of the protein showed that the mechanism of its inhibitory action is similar to that of the cocrystallized ligand. This result validates that the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. trigyna could be employed against root-knot nematodes for sustainable agriculture.

Antioxidant and antibacterial efficiency of the ethanolic leaf extract of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil) and its effects on growth, health, and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The research examined the impact of an ethanolic extract from the leaves of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil.) on the growth, antioxidant capacity, immune-related gene expression, and resistance to disease caused by Edwardsiella tarda in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The findings revealed that the extract had the important phytochemical content in the extract included total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, vitamin C, and total antioxidant capacity and 5.42 % of the crude extract was mitragynine. The extract demonstrated antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its IC50 values against ABTS and DPPH radicals and its ferric reducing power in vitro. Moreover, the MIC-IC50 value of 0.625 mg/mL indicated that the growth of the bacteria was reduced by approximately 50 %, and the MBC was 2.50 mg/mL against E. tarda. Furthermore, the orally administered Kratom leaf extract to fingerling tilapia for 8 weeks exhibited a noticeable increase in oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the increase in MDA production in the 10 and 25 g/kg groups. It also exhibited an increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in muscle tissue at the 50 g/kg group. However, when administered at a feeding rate of 5–10 g/kg feed, the extract showed an increase in the expression of immune-related genes (IL1, IL6, IL8, NF-kB, IFNγ, TNFα, Mx, CC-chemokine, CD4, TCRβ, MHC-IIβ, IgM, IgT, IgD) and enhanced resistance to E. tarda infection in fish. Conversely, administering the extract at 25–50 g/kg feed resulted in contrasting effects, suppressing and reducing the observed parameters. Nevertheless, feeding the extract at all concentrations for 8 weeks did not produce any changes in the histology or systemic functioning of the liver and intestines, as indicated by blood biochemistry. These findings suggest that the ethanolic leaf extract from Kratom has the potential to be used as a substitute for antibiotics in the management of bacterial infections in Nile tilapia culture, with a recommended dosage of 5–10 g/kg feed/day for a maximum of 8 weeks.

Development and antioxidant evaluation of mango leaf (Mangifera indica L.) extract loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

The main antioxidant polyphenol compounds in the mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf extract are susceptible to environmental degradations. Thus, in biomedical applications, the mango leaf extract is commonly encapsulated in a carrier. However, most studies employed the synthetic carrier materials that could affect the human health, and the complicated formulation procedure that could hinder the scalability. Therefore, this work, for the first time, explored the use of silk fibroin (an FDA-approved biomaterial), in nanoparticles platform, to encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract, utilizing the simple coacervation preparation method. Initially, the mango leaf ethanolic extract was obtained through maceration, resulting in a total phenolic content of 76.39 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DPW and a notably high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.872 ± 0.512 μg/mL). Subsequently, silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with the extract were developed by the coacervation technique. Depending on the fibroin content, these nanoparticles exhibited an appropriate size range of 500–800 nm with narrow size distributions, a spherical shape with smooth surfaces, a dominant silk-II crystalline structure, a drug entrapment efficiency exceeding 70%, and retained the main biomarker mangiferin. Moreover, the phenolic-compounds release profiles from the particles followed the three-step process, the first burst-release step, the second sustained-release step, and the third degradation step. The particles were also non-toxic to the erythrocytes and the human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line. Lastly, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the mango leaf extract was preserved within the extract-loaded nanoparticles. The results suggested that the silk fibroin nanoparticles could be a potential platform to effectively encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract for biomedical purposes.

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Leaf ethanolic extract exerts selective anticancer activity through ROS-induced apoptotic cell death in human cancer cell lines

BackgroundThe leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (K. pinnata), a succulent plant native to tropical regions, are used as a medicinal alternative against cancer in several countries worldwide; however, its therapeutic potential to fight cancer has been little addressed. In this study, we analyzed the phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, and selectivity of K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract against different human cancer cell lines in vitro.MethodologyThis study subjected the ethanolic extract to enzymatic assays to quantify the phytochemical content (phenolics, flavonoids, and anthraquinones) and its radical scavenging and iron-reducing capacities. Also, the phytoconstituents and major phenolic compounds present in the extract’s subfractions were identified by GC-MS, HPLC, and NMR. Human cancer (MCF-7, PC-3, HT-29) and normal colon (CoN) cell lines were treated with different concentrations of K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract, and the changes in cell proliferation (sulforhodamine B assay), caspases activity (FITC-VAD-FMK reporter), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, rhodamine 123 assay), chromatin condensation/fragmentation (Hoechst 33342 stain), and ROS generation (DCFH2 probe assay) were assessed.ResultsThe results showed that the K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract is rich in phytoconstituents with therapeutic potential, including phenols (quercetin and kaempferol), flavonoids, fatty acid esters (34.6% of the total composition), 1- triacontanol and sterols (ergosterol and stigmasterol, 15.4% of the total composition); however, it presents a poor content of antioxidant molecules (IC50 = 27.6 mg/mL for H2O2 scavenging activity vs. 2.86 mg/mL in the case of Trolox). Notably, the extract inhibited cell proliferation and reduced MMP in all human cell lines tested but showed selectivity for HT-29 colon cancer cells compared to CoN normal cells (SI = 8.4). Furthermore, ROS generation, caspase activity, and chromatin condensation/fragmentation were augmented significantly in cancer-derived cell lines, indicating a selective cytotoxic effect.ConclusionThese findings reveal that the K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract contains several bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential, capable of displaying selective cytotoxicity in different human cancer cell lines.

Antibacterial activity of jamblang leaf ethanol extract (Syzygium cumini) against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes

Background: Propionibacterium acnes is a bacterium found on the skin that plays a significant role in acne vulgaris. The inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to resistance, necessitating the search for alternative therapies from plants with high antibacterial potential. One such plant is jamblang (Syzygium cumini), which has demonstrated antibacterial properties. Objective: This research aims to test the antibacterial activity of jamblang leaf extract against the growth of P. acnes. Method: The study employed an experimental design with a posttest-only control group design. The treatment groups consisted of a positive control (clindamycin), a negative control (sterile distilled water), and jamblang leaf extract groups with concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25% (n=4). Data analysis was conducted using the One-Way ANOVA statistical test. Results: The jamblang leaf extract exhibited antibacterial potential against the growth of P. acnes. The extract showed strong antibacterial activity at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%, and moderate antibacterial activity at a concentration of 6.25%. Conclusion: This suggests that jamblang leaf extract could be a promising alternative therapy for treating acne vulgaris, offering a natural solution to combat antibiotic resistance.

Assessment of β-lactamase inhibition and antioxidant potential of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Irvingia gabonensis using GC-MS method

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic and antioxidant potential of aqueous and ethanol extracts from Irvingia gabonensis leaves, with a specific focus on their ability to inhibit β-lactamase enzyme activity. Both in vitro and in vivo approaches were employed to comprehensively assess the characteristics of the leaf extracts. Irvingia gabonensis, known for its medicinal properties, has been of interest due to its reported pharmacological activities. In the face of rising antimicrobial resistance, exploring natural sources for antimicrobial and antioxidant agents is crucial. This study builds upon existing knowledge by evaluating the phytochemical composition and potential therapeutic applications of Irvingia gabonensis leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was employed to identify the chemical components present in ethanolic leaf extracts. Antioxidant activities were assessed through various assays, including DPPH, FRAP, nitric oxide radical scavenging, and MDA scavenging assays. In vivo experiments involved the administration of different concentrations of leaf extracts to albino rats over a 28-day period. Blood samples collected were utilized for serum separation, enabling the analysis of antioxidant assays in vivo, including β-lactamase inhibition, lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. Results: The ethanolic extracts exhibited a significant 65.96% inhibition rate against β-lactamase enzyme activity. Additionally, there was an increase in the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as heightened catalase (CAT) activity. Simultaneously, a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration indicated the extracts’ potential to mitigate lipid peroxidation. These results highlight the robust antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Irvingia gabonensis leaf extracts. Conclusion: Irvingia gabonensis leaf extracts demonstrate substantial potential as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, emphasizing their role in combating antimicrobial resistance. The significant inhibition of β-lactamase enzyme activity and the modulation of key antioxidant markers suggest the extracts’ therapeutic relevance. This study contributes to the understanding of Irvingia gabonensis phytochemical composition and supports its potential application as an antioxidant supplement and β-lactamase inhibitor.

Antibacterial power of Pomegranate extracts against Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli

Herbs, as the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)(P. granatum), has significant chemical constituents with distinct pharmacological properties. These chemicals confer neuroprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties to the plant. Pomegranate has specific components that enable its pharmacological actions; one of the functions of pomegranate extracts is to deactivate what is called extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) that makes Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistant to standard antibiotics. Twenty E. coli strains identified as beta-lactamase producers, the strains isolated from urine samples collected from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) and molecularly characterised using 16S rDNA. The study evaluated the antibiotic sensitivity and antibacterial activities of acetone and ethanolic pomegranate leaf and peel extracts, assessing their antimicrobial susceptibility against nineteen antibiotics. The ehanolic peel (EP) and leave (EL) extracts showed inhibitory potential inhibition zones spanning (9.0-12.6-18.3 mm) against E. coli pathogen producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase as compared with (10.2-15.3 mm) inhibition scale exhibited by acetone peel (AP) and leave (AL) extracts treatment. Pomegranate leaves and peel extracts contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and other biological effects, and can be fractionated for the identification of new antibacterial bioactive compounds for the development of drugs against ESBL- E. coli, in addition to their synergy with antibiotics for combination therapy that may have effective management and treatment of multidrug-resistant infections such as urinary tract infection.

Formulation and effectiveness test of Tekelan leaf ethanol extract nanogel preparations against Propionibacterium acnes

Formulation and effectiveness test of Tekelan leaf ethanol extract nanogel preparations against Propionibacterium acnes

Biological potential, chemical profiling, and molecular docking study of Morus alba L. extracts

Morus alba L. is a plant with a long history of dietary and medicinal uses. We hypothesized that M. alba possesses a significant biological potential. In that sense, we aimed to generate the chemical, antimicrobial, toxicological, and molecular profile of M. alba leaf and fruit extracts. Our results showed that extracts were rich in vitamin C, phenols, and flavonoids, with quercetin and pterostilbene concentrated in the leaf, while fisetin, hesperidin, resveratrol, and luteolin were detected in fruit. Extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. The widest inhibition zones were in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 15.62 μg/ml in Enterococcus faecalis to 500 μg/ml in several bacteria. Minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 31.25 μg/ml to 1000 μg/ml. Extracts impacted the biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent and species-specific manner. A significant difference in the frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges between the methanolic extract of fruit (0.5 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml), as well as for the frequency of micronuclei between ethanolic extract of leaf (2 μg/ml) and the control group was observed. Molecular docking suggested that hesperidin possesses the highest binding affinity for multidrug efflux transporter AcrB and acyl-PBP2a from MRSA, as well as for the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. This study, by complementing previous research in this field, gives new insights that could be of great value in obtaining a more comprehensive picture of the Morus alba L. bioactive potential, chemical composition, antimicrobial and toxicological features, as well as molecular profile.

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Postharvest Organic Nutritional Conservation Employing Carboxyl Methylcellulose (CMC) Manufactured Out from Moringa Plant

The research concluded that the use of extracts of moringa leaves and moringa seed as an edible coating might help to preserve the shelf life and also the quality of Avocado. The cultivars that were focused on during this research were “Hass” and “Gem”. It may also reduce the risk of infection and inflammation in these cultivars. Methanolic and ethanolic moringa extracts were also examined for their antifungal properties. Shortly, 1% Carboxyl methylcellulose which is shown as CMC and 2% MLE which is Moringa Leaf Extract or MSE which is moringa seed extract, were combined. The fruit was either coated with either (MLE + CMC) or that of (MSE + CMC) and then it was kept at a temperature of 5.5°C and 95% relative humidity (RH) for a period of 21 days. The fruit was kept at ambient temperatures i.e. 21°C and 60% RH, after being refrigerated to approximate retailing conditions. Fruit firmness and postharvest quality indicators including ethylene production and respiration rate were analyzed. In relation to potato dextrose agarose which is shortened as PDA, both coatings were also evaluated for their effectiveness against the fungus which may spoil the fruit quality during postharvest opperations. Compared to uncoated fruit, the coated fruit was noticed to have less mass loss. Respiration rates were also observed to be decreased along with Ethylene production, in a contrast to the uncoated fruit. A. alternata and C. gloeosporioides were both inhibited by ethanol leaf extract by 43.60% and 42.90%, respectively. All pathogens exposed to coverings had damaged hyphal structures, while uncoated fruit had healthy hyphal structures. Stronger antibacterial activity was observed in ethanolic moringa leaf extracts as compared to the extracts that were derived from methanol. The outcomes of this research showed that carboxyl methylcellulose CMC containing moringa extract reduces illnesses in fruit. Throughout the postharvest supply chain, it also maintains the general quality of avocados. The shelf life of the avocado was remarkably increased. The avocado sector may eventually commercialize the moringa extracts combined with carboxyl methylcellulose, as a new organic edible covering.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kele (Brasica oleracea var. sabellica) Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehide, Profil Gula Darah, SGOT, dan SGPT Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Yang Diinduksi Aloksan

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to a lack of insulin or caused by insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of kale leaf extract on blood sugar levels, SGOT, SGPT, MDA, and rat liver histology induced by alloxan. This study used 3 months old adult rats weighing 200-300 grams. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and for each treatment, there were 5 replications. Five treatments consisted of K- as a negative control (given 0.2 ml NaCl), K + as a positive control (given alloxan dose 120 mg / kg BW), P1 (given alloxan dose 120 mg / kg BW and kale leaf extract 250 mg / kg BW), P2 (given alloxan dose of 120 mg / kg BW and 500 mg / kg BW of kale leaf extract) and P3 (given alloxan dose of 120 mg / kg BW and kale leaf extract of 1000 mg / kg BW). The treatment given to male rats was carried out for 28 days. Furthermore, checking blood sugar levels, SGOT, SGPT, and MDA The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0 program. The results showed that giving kale leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW was the most effective in reducing levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), blood sugar levels, SGOT, SGPT, and liver in alloxan-i

A new active packaging system based on chickpea-based edible coatings added with microcapsules of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. flower extract.

The Cosmos sulphureus Cav. plant is studied for its high polyphenolic content with antioxidant properties. Its flowers, rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, hold promise as antioxidants in food preservation. The inclusion of these compounds in chickpea-based coatings with a previously studied preservative effect would be an excellent option as a food preservation method and microencapsulation addresses challenges like dispersion and degradation of polyphenols in the coating. The objective of this research was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Cosmos sulphureus leaves, seed, and flower extracts and explore the protective effects of chickpea-based coatings containing microcapsules of flower polyphenolic extract on the chemical quality of stored roasted sunflower seeds during storage. The ethanolic leaf extract exhibited the highest antiradical activity, followed by the aqueous flower extract. After a storage period of 15 days, at 40 °C, the chickpea-based coatings effectively delayed lipid oxidation in the roasted sunflowers seeds, and the inclusion of polyphenolic microcapsules with 0.01% extract (SMC 0.01%) in the coating significantly improved the protective effect. By day 15 of storage, SMC 0.01% showed comparable peroxide value, conjugated dienes, and linoleic acid content to samples containing the synthetic antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). Samples that only contained chickpea-based coating and coating with polyphenolic microcapsules with 0.005% extract exhibited significantly greater reduction in fatty acid content compared to the 0.01% SMC treatment. The chickpea-based coating with polyphenolic microcapsules demonstrated antioxidant activity akin to synthetic BHT, offering a promising biopackaging solution for lipid-rich foods like roasted sunflower seeds. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.