Ethanol Extract Of Aerial Parts Research Articles

Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Tricholepis glaberrima

Tricholepis glaberrima is used to treat skin conditions and male infertility. The aim of the research was to evaluate whether the hydro ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Tricholepis glaberrima could cause acute oral toxicity in swiss albino mice and how it affected their behavior. The acute toxicity trials were conducted according to OECD guidelines 423, with a single oral dosage and a 14-day follow-up. After 24 hours, body weight, food and water consumption, signs of toxicity, and mortality were reported. Up to a dosage of 2000 mg/kg, oral administration resulted in no treatment-related mortality in animals. In the acute toxicity study, the hydro-ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Tricholepis glaberrima had an LD50 of greater than 2000 mg/kg, indicating that extract from this plant is acceptable for use in conventional medicine.

Potentials of the Extracts of Algerian Saharan Plant Cotula cinerea for the Management of Two Insect Pests, Aphis fabae and Tribolium castaneum

The insecticidal potential of the Saharan plant Cotula cinerea, was evaluated on two insect species namely Aphis fabae and Tribolium castaneum by topical application (contact toxicity) and repellency test. A crude ethanolic extract of aerial part of the plant was prepared and tested in the laboratory on adults of both species. For contact toxicity, five doses were tested on each of the two species 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/ml for A. fabae and 25, 50, 250, 350 and 500 µg/insect for T. castaneum. The repellency of the extract was studied at the dose 500 μg/insect for T. castaneum and 25 µg/ml for A. fabae. Results showed that the repellency of the extract increased with exposure time and the highest rates were observed after 4 h of exposure (72.33 ± 22% for T. castaneum and 87 ± 3.6% for A. fabae). For insecticidal activity, at the highest doses (25 mg/ml and 500 µg/ml), 100% mortality is obtained 72 h after treatment for A. fabae and after 48 h for T. castaneum. The extract of this plant was found to be more toxic against T. castaneum adults. LD50 calculated 24 h after treatment for the two species is estimated at 1.7 mg/ml for A. fabae and at 30.3 µg/insect for T. castaneum. The extract of this plant inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in both insect species. This result suggests that this plant has a neurotoxic effect on A. fabae and T. castaneum. The results of phytochemical study showed that the plant is mainly rich in flavonoids, gallic tannins, alkaloids, saponosides and glucosides. The insecticidal effect obtained in this study could be due to the synergetic action of all constituents of the extract. Results suggest the possibility of using the extracts of this plant in integrated pest management to replace the chemical insecticides.

A Detailed Chemical and Biological Investigation of Twelve Allium Species from Eastern Anatolia with Chemometric Studies.

Allium species are widely consumed as food all over the world. The phenolic profile of ethanol extracts of aerial parts and roots of 12 Allium species, collected from five different Eastern Anatolia regions, were studied using LC-MS/MS. In vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were also tested. The multivariate analyses were performed using principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. Seventeen of 27 standard compounds were detected in all Allium species. The major components were mainly identified as quinic acid, malic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid. The aerial parts possessed better antioxidant activity than roots. Aerial parts of A. atroviolaceum, A. chrysantherum, A. kharputense, and A. shirnakiense exhibited high cytotoxic activity against DLD-1 colon cancer cell lines (IC50 12.5 μg/mL). A. shatakiense and A. vineale demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli (MIC 75 μg/mL). According to chemometric analysis, differences were detected between aerial parts and the roots. The aerial parts of A. atroviolaceum, A. chrysantherum, A. kharputense, and A. shirnakiense could be potent in the pharmaceutical industry while A. shatakiense and A. vineale in the food industry after further investigations.

Evaluation of Anthelmentic and Antimicrobial Activity of the Extract of the Root of the Plant Jasminum multiflorum(Andr.)

As per qualitative evaluation in different solvents of the root of the plant satisfies the presence of cardiac glycosides along with trace quantities of steroid and saponins. Among them the petroleum ether extract of the root of the plant Jasminum multiflorum was evaluated for anthelmintic activity and the ethanolic extract was evaluated for antimicrobial activity.1,2 Traditionally this species are used in indolent ulcer, pitta and inflammation. Only few CNS activity are reported on ethanolic extract of aerial part of the plant, though the root of the plant is more potent as per folkore claim. The petroleum ether extract was investigated for anthelmentic activity using earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) at different concentration (5mg/ml – 50 mg/ml). As standard albendazole suspension (10mg/ml) and 3% solution of normal saline was used as control. The death and paralysis time were recorded and compared. Extract exhibit significant anthelmentic activity at (100mg/ml) concentration and found effective.1,3,4The ethanolic fraction of the root of the plant was collected and evaporated to dryness under vacuum to avoid the presence of even less quantity of ethanol in the extract. Two Gram (+ve) bacteria namely Bacillius subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram (-ve) ve bacteria namely Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were selected for the estimation of antimicrobial activity depending on zone of inhibition. It was seen that 100mg/ml concentration of the extract showed maximum activity against Klebsiella pneumonia with a zone of inhibition 0.5mm and for others it ranged from 0.3 to 0.4 mm. 1,4,5
 Keywords: Jasminum multiforum; anthelmintic; antimicrobial; zone of inhibition

Anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity of newer phytoisolates of Swertia alata C.B. Clarke

The present study was intended to evaluate the in vitro (COX-1/COX-2) and in vivo anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity of newer phytoconstituents isolated from the aerial parts of Swertia alata C.B. Clarke (Gentianaceae). For isolation of newer phytoconstituents, the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of S. alata was subjected to column chromatography using mixture of petroleum ether and chloroform in various concentrations, which yielded two phytoisolates characterised as nonacosyl triacontanoate (SA-3) and 8-O-glucpyranosyl-(2-acetyl)-1,3-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-xanthone (SA-9). Identification of compounds was based on melting point, UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometric data. The isolates were screened for in vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory activity, in vivo anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity. Among the two compounds, SA-3 was found to be more effective than SA-9. The ulcerogenic study revealed significant gastric tolerance of SA-3 and SA-9 in comparison to indomethacin.

Removal of chlorophyll and tannins from Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg leaves by electrocoagulation using iron electrodes: optimization using response surface methodology

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes was applied for chlorophyll and tannins removal from ethanol extract of aerial parts of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg. A second‐order regression using Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to investigate the main effects of four independent variables, namely supporting electrolyte concentration (in g L−1), ethanol percentage (%), current intensity (in amps) and electrolysis time (in minutes) and their interactions. The chlorophyll removal (CR), total tannins content (TTC) and total phenols content (TPC) were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM) and CCD. Crude and optimized extracts were characterized by UV‐visible spectrometry and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy.RESULTSThe RSM model obtained from the present study (R2 > 0.95) showed a good fit which suggests a good correlation between the predicted values and experimental results of CR and tannins removal. Under optimized conditions (supporting electrolyte concentration 2.4 g L−1; ethanol percentage 67%; current intensity 0.4 A and electrolysis time 75 min), CR of 98.23% and TTC of 58.83% were achieved while remaining 91.21% of TPC.CONCLUSIONEthanol percentage, current intensity and electrolysis time influences positively CR, TTC and TPC. According to the results, electrocoagulation is an appropriate technique indicated for extracting secondary metabolites while reducing the risks associated with the use of organic solvents. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

EFFECT OF BLUMEA LACERA ON TISSUE GSH, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND HEPATIC CELLS IN ETHANOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS

Objective: To evaluate hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of aerial part of Blumea lacera (BLEE) against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
 Methods: The in vivo antioxidant activity of BLEE was assessed by determining the tissue glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. The BLEE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg and silymarin 100 mg/kg administered to the ethanol challenged rats. The effects of BLEE and silymarin on Physical and Biochemical Parameters were measured. Similarly, histopathological changes of the liver were studied.
 Results: The BLEE showed in vivo antioxidant activity. A significant (P<0.001) decrease in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin was observed in BLEE treated group at doses i.e. 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg as compared to intoxicated group. Liver damage in animal pretreated with BLEE was minimal with distinct preservation of structures and the architectural frame of the hepatic cells.
 Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of BLEE against ethanol-induced liver damage.

In vitro evaluation of anthelmintic activity of tannin-containing plant Artemisia extracts against Haemonchus contortus from goat

Gastrointestinal nematode causes significant production losses in grazing ruminants and anthelmintic resistance are increasing at an alarming rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effects of tannin-containing plant Artemisia vulgaris against stomach worm Haemonchus contortus of goat. In this respect, in vitro anthelmintic activities of crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of A. vulgaris were investigated on eggs, larvae (L3) and adults of H. contortus in the laboratory. Experimental plant Artemisia was collected, dried in shade and grinded to coarse powder and subjected to prepare crude aqueous and ethanolic extract. The experiment revealed that crude ethanolic extracts completely inhibited egg hatching at concentration of 5 mg/ml whereas aqueous extracts at concentration of 10 mg/ml. After exposure of 8 hours, the crude ethanolic extracts inhibited 69.33%, 51% and 38% larval motility tested at 20 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml concentrations, respectively while the crude aqueousextracts inhibited 57.33%, 48.67% and 34.67% at the same concentrations. The ethanolic extract showed better in vitro effects against adult stomach worm than the aqueous extract in terms of motility inhibition at different hours post-treatment. Dose dependent effects were also observed for both extract. After 2 and 8 hours of exposure, the ethanolic extract induced 53.33% and 100% mortality at the highest tested concentration respectively, while the aqueous extract induced 47.67% and 86.67% at the same concentration. To our best knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh on the in vitro anthelmintic effects of A. vulgaris against H. contortus. Further in vitro and in vivo trials with this plant are required to evaluate their anthelmintic effects precisely.
 J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 363–368, 2019

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE AERIAL PARTS AND THE FLOWERS OF CHILIOTRICHUM DIFFUSUM (G. FORST.) KUNTZE (ASTERACEAE), A MEDICINAL PLANT USED BY THE ONAS

The antioxidant capacity of Chiliotrichum diffusum, a medicinal plant used in the traditional medicine of the Onas (original people of Patagonia), was studied by using the DPPH method, to explain the properties associated to the traditional use of this species. Ethyl ether (or dichloromethane from decoction of the flowers) and the ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol and aqueous extracts, showed free radical scavenging capacity on DPPH•. The results of the quantitative determination of this activity in ethyl ether and the ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of aerial parts showed SC50 of 5.2 and 3.5 μg/mL, respectively. Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of the aqueous extracts from flowers showed SC50 values of 35.0 and 9.5 μg/mL. The principal flavonoids found were kaempferol, quercetin and their derivates. These results showed a relation of the phenols evidenced in the aerial parts and flowers and the antioxidant activity; also explained, at least partially, the medicinal properties described, and the use of this plant in the traditional medicine of the Onas.

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Property of Mandillo, Crassocephalum macropappum (Sch.Bip. ex. A.Rich.) S.Moore.

The object of this study was to analyze the major bioactive components and to evaluate biological activity of Mandillo [Crassocephalum macropappum (Sch.Bip. ex. A.Rich.) S. Moore], an Ethiopian endemic herbaceous plant. The stem, leaf, and aerial parts of this plant were separately extracted using different solvents before which various biological assays were performed. The ethanolic extract of aerial part showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (101.48 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 293.25 mg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively). Interestingly, a phytochemical screening assay revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids in the aerial part. The aerial part was also shown to have a strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl scavenging potential (IC50≤100 μg/mL) and a promising protective activity against oxidative DNA damage. Thus, the results of the present study reveal Mandillo contains highly bioactive components, and these properties may be as an antioxidant and to prevent oxidative DNA damage.

Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of a collection of medicinal plants from Tunisian arid and Saharan regions

Desert plants are a potentially sustainable source of bioactive molecules. This paper investigates phenolic profile, total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins in a collection of desert shrubs of Tunisian flora (Pituranthos tortuosus; Retama raetam; Ephedra alata; Ziziphus lotus; Capparis spinoza; Calligonum comosum). The collection was build according to people traditional tendency uses. The chemical composition was estimated in ethanol extracts of aerial parts together with a comparison of antioxidant activities. The results were significantly dependent on plant material source. Phenolic contents ranged from 15.52 to 37.5 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of Dry Weight (DW) of plant, and flavonoids ranged from 2.92 to 9.14 mg of rutin equivalents (RE)/g DW. The phenolic profile was composed of 23 compounds identified through LC-ESI–MS analysis. Five phenolic acids (quinic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and trans-Ferulic acid) and five flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetrin and naringenin) were predominant and common between plants. Based on all data visualized within the heatmap, plants were clustered into two groups. The tow species Z. lotus and E. alata were selected for their highest antioxidant potential. These results allowed us to select the combination of three phenolic acids (rutin, qurectrin, quinic acid) that seems determinant in the strong antioxidant capacity. In addition, the possible domestication and cultivation of the two selected plants are discussed.

Phytochemical Properties of Satureja kitaibelii, Potential Natural Antioxidants: a New Insight.

Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. has a great importance in Serbian ethnopharmacology/herbal traditional medicine, as well as a flavoring food additive. Ethanol extract of aerial parts of Satureja kitaibelii analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 18 compounds among which the most abundant were phenolic acids, flavonoids, jasmonic acid derivatives and rosmanol. The extracts were rich in total phenolics and flavonoid contents, while rosmarinic acid was the dominant compound (18.30-29.52mg/g). As assessments of antioxidant properties of natural extracts are important because of their growing use in medicine and food industry, antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of Satureja kitaibelii was analyzed by several assays. The half maximal scavenging capacity (SC50) of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ranging from 71.20 to 125.65μg/mL, the total antioxidant capacity from 272.37 to 714.12mg ascorbic acid/g, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power ranging from 0.74 to 1.94μmol Fe/mg, clearly imply a significant antioxidant potential of Satureja kitaibelii. The extracts inhibit growth of Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zones 20-30 and 16-26mm, respectively. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of compounds identified in extracts suggest a great potential for Satureja kitaibelii application as valuable food ingredient.

Metabolic profiling of Solanum villosum Mill subsp. miniatum (bernh. ex willd.): Hepatoprotective and antifibrotic activity in a rat model of liver fibrosis

Aim/Background: To assess the liver antifibrotic action of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Solanum villosum Mill subsp. miniatum (Bernh. ex Willd.) (SVE) and correlate this activity with its high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight (HPLC-qTOF) Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESIMS) phytochemical profile. Materials and Methods: The median lethal dose of SVE was determined, and a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis was used to evaluate its antifibrotic activity. Markers for hepatotoxicity, fibrosis, and oxidative stress were assessed, and histopathological features of liver tissues were examined. Metabolite profiling of SVE was achieved via HPLC-qTOF-ESIMS coupled with Photodiode array (PDA). Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by oral administration of CCl4for 6 weeks. Silymarin (positive control) and SVE (100 and 250 mg/kg) were orally administered daily for 6 weeks. Results: Compared to CCl4-intoxicated group, administration of SVE obviously ameliorated fibrosis of the hepatic capsule associated with aggregation of multiple focal fat cells formation. Both silymarin and SVE ameliorated the rise in serum markers of hepatotoxicity (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), markedly attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative stress. The antifibrotic activity of SVE was evidenced by inhibiting the rise in hepatic hydroxyproline content and accumulation of collagen. This was confirmed by the ability of SVE to inhibit alterations in expression of the fibrosis-related genes Collagen Iα, matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-2, and transforming growth factor beta 1. HPLC-qTOF-ESIMS analysis of SVE revealed the presence of 47 metabolites, among which 33 were tentatively identified. Conclusion: SVE exhibited hepatoprotective and antifibrotic activities in rats by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and regulating expression of fibrogenic mediators.

Therapeutic effects of aerial parts of Smyrnium cordifolium ethanolic extract on ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi in rats

Introduction: In this study, the effects of the ethanolic extract of aerial parts (stem and leaves) of Smyrnium cordifolium (S. cordifolium) Boiss on the ethylene glycol(EG)-induced kidney calculi in rats was investigated. Materials and methods: Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided in 6 groups. Group I (normal control), Groups II (control of EG) to VI received EG 1% v/v in water for 28 days. Animals in Groups III and IV (preventive groups) received ethanolic extract of stem and leaves of S. cordifolium in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally in water for 28 days, respectively. Groups V and VI (treatment groups) received extract in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally in water from 15th to 28th day, respectively. Results: Results showed that the level of urine oxalate, blood urea and creatinine in EG group vs. normal control significantly increased (P<0.001). Extract did not show significant effect on urinary oxalate, urine volume and other blood biochemical parameters in the treatment groups (V and VI). Provision of extract resulted in significantly lower levels of urine oxalate and higher level of volume, serum creatinine and blood urea in III and IV groups as compared with Group II (P<0.05). Conclusion: These observations enable us to conclude that the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of S. cordifolium Boiss is effective against EG induced urinary calculi in rats.

Volatile components, polar constituents and biological activity of tansy daisy (Tanacetum macrophyllum (Waldst. et Kit.) Schultz Bip.)

Tansy daisy (Tanacetum macrophyllum (Waldst. et Kit.) Schultz Bip., Asteraceae) is a perennial herb worldwide cultivated for ornamental and industrial purposes. Sometimes, this species is misidentified by herb collectors and botanists with its family mate Achillea grandifolia (white yarrow). In the present work, we have analysed the essential oil and ethanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of tansy daisy cultivated in Italy and evaluated the biological activity in terms of cytotoxic, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. The essential oil was analysed by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and showed oxygenated monoterpenes, namely camphor, linalool and 1,8-cineole, and sesquiterpenes, namely germacrene D and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, as the major components. The ethanolic extract of aerial parts was subjected to chromatographic separation and this permitted the identification of 12 polar compounds belonging to five different classes of natural products, namely flavonoids (apigenin, cirsimaritin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside and kaempferol-7-O-glucuronide), dicaffeoylquinic derivatives (3,5-dicaffeoylquinic and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids), caffeoylquinic acids (chlorogenic acid), free organic acids (shikimic and quinic acids) and glycosidic organic acids (4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-vanillic acid); among them apigenin and kaempferol derivatives were the most abundant. Finally, the essential oil from the leaves, containing high levels of germacrene D and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, was highly effective against the proliferation of A375 (melanoma) and HCT116 (colon carcinoma) human tumor cells, showing IC50 values of 9.2 and 8.5 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract scavenged the DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, showing IC50 of 32.7 and 37.2 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory properties of tansy daisy essential oils and ethanol extract on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme were also evaluated. These findings provided new insights into the phytochemistry of the species and its possible applications on an industrial level.

Evaluation of phytosomes containing Ethanolic extract of Aerial parts of Mukia maderaspatana

Evaluation of phytosomes containing Ethanolic extract of Aerial parts of Mukia maderaspatana

Investigation of antidiabetic potential of Phyllanthus niruri L. using assays for α-glucosidase, muscle glucose transport, liver glucose production, and adipogenesis

Phyllanthus niruri is used in herbal medicine for treatment of diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic potential of P. niruri, using assays for α-glucosidase, muscle glucose transport, liver glucose production and adipogenesis. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was performed on aqueous and ethanolic extract of aerial parts of P. niruri. The aqueous and ethanolic extract of P. niruri showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 3.7 ± 1.1 and 6.3 ± 4.8 μg/mL, respectively. HR-bioassay/HPLC-HRMS and NMR analysis was used for identification of compounds. Corilagin (1) and repandusinic acid A (2) were identified as α-glucosidase inhibitors in the water extract of P. niruri with IC50 values of 0.9 ± 0.1 and 1.9 ± 0.02 μM, respectively. In in vitro cell-based bioassays, cells were treated for 18 h with maximal non-toxic concentrations of the ethanolic extract of P. niruri, which were determined by the lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay. The ethanolic extract of P. niruri was not able to reduce glucose-6-phosphatase activity. However, the extract increased deoxyglucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells and enhanced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 fat cells which has been reported for the first time. The present study demonstrated that P. niruri may thus have potential application for treatment and/or management of type 2 diabetes.

Two Diarylundecanones Isolated from Ardisia tenera

Ardisinones G-H (1–2), two new diarylundecanones, were isolated from the ethanol extract of aerial parts of Ardisia tenera Mez. Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of the spectroscopic evidence. The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against four cell lines (MV4–11, MCF-7, HCT116 and A549) and displayed moderate inhibitory activities.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF OCIMUM KILIMANDSCHARICUM USING HYDROXYL RADICAL SCAVENGING METHOD

In our modern society, we are constantly being challenged by numerous diseases. The majority of these diseases are as a result of the stressful and unhealthy lifestyle that has been adopted by modern man. Due to the polluted environment, unhealthy lifestyles and fast food culture there is the overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in a human body. These reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have become the most important culprits for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, aging and many other diseases. Newer findings in the etiology of various diseases have implicated free radicals and oxidative species in the development of various diseases. So, to find the newer treatments of various diseases we should deeply research the area of antioxidants. Nature has provided us with various medicinal plants which contain phytochemicals that have potent antioxidant potentials. Himalayan herbs have been known since time immemorial to cure even uncurable diseases. The current study focuses on the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Ocimum kilimandscharicum at very low concentrations using hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. This study aims to unravel the potentials of truly potent herbs in the field of antioxidants, which in future can provide cure to several diseases. Keywords: antioxidants, free radicals, Ocimum kilimandscharicum .

Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Aerial Parts of Parsley (petroselinum crispum) on Some Bacteria Isolated from Nosocomial Infections in-vitro.

Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Aerial Parts of Parsley (petroselinum crispum) on Some Bacteria Isolated from Nosocomial Infections in-vitro.