ETABS Software Research Articles

Analysis of Multistory Buildings With Stub Column In Different Seismic Zones In India – A Review

Construction of building requires proper planning and management. Buildings are subjected to various loads such as dead load, live load, wind load and seismic load. Seismic load has extreme adverse effect on building so it is necessary to perform seismic analysis. This paper explains about the response of building when it is subjected to seismic load, this response can be shown by story drift and base shear. Behavior of buildings with stub columns is analyzed and the results are compared with buildings without stub columns. Seismic analysis has been performed on (G+7) buildings located in seismic zones 2,3,4&5 using ETABS software. Analysis has been performed according to IS 1893:PartI (2002).The storey drift and design base shear are evaluated and compared. Pushover analysis was performed and the results were compared.

Analysis and design of buildings using Revit and ETABS software

An increase in population has led more often towards vertical development rather than horizontal development, because of this the demand for multi-storied buildings has increased and they constitute about 60-70% of the urban infrastructure. In the present time, the design and analysis of civil structures are generally carried out by various design software, amongst them E-Tabs and Revit Structures (BIM) are the widely used and leading ones. Revit is one of the widely used applications in the BIM industry, it uses an external application named - Robot Structures for design purposes, whereas ETABS is an analytical and design software. This research work mainly deals with the design and analysis of a multi-story reinforced concrete structure using ETABS and REVIT Structure software separately and a comparison of the results obtained. Both these software’s use the Limit State Design principles conforming to the Indian Standard Code of Practice for the design of structures. In this work a G + 10 structure is considered which is subjected to static and dynamic loads like seismic and wind loads, the plan layout includes grids of sizes 3.5 m × 3.5 m with 4 in number in both X and Y directions. The main aim of this research work is to draw an optimum line between the design and cost estimation of RC buildings and to determine which software gives better results, as these projects(buildings) are of low-medium scale, the major factor governing them is the cost of construction. The results include a comparison of variations in shear forces, bending moments values and reinforcement details obtained from both the software. Based on the design data, cost estimation is carried out for the structural members.

Study on seismic performance of red brick walls vs. Autoclaved Aerated concrete block walls

Bricks are usually the building blocks of a structure’s wall. In India, the construction of buildings using red bricks is commonly practised, which causes a heavy load on the structure, leading to seismic failure. The popularity of red bricks is because of its durability, low-cost, convenience and feasibility, however, due to the growing needs, the demand for red bricks has been increased rapidly. To match this demand, Fertile lands are to be sacrificed which it cannot be done on large scales. To add on, the demand for skilled labour and the cost of fuel for klin also increases, these all factors together makes the red bricks costlier. Alternatives for bricks were researched, which This lead to Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC),The lightweight rigid materials present in the AAC blocks reduce the self-weight of the building structure. AAC blocks are eco-friendly, lightweight, and all-weather construction materials that are designed to offer superior performance and durability. They are almost equivalent to, nine times the size of traditional red brick and also these provide better compressive strength. Out of all the labour demand is very minimal and workability is very high. so here we compare the analysis of the seismic performance of Red brick walls VS Autoclaved Aerated Concrete block walls. Here we considered an apartment building of G + 5 storeys in seismic zone III (Chennai). The impact of AAC blocks on seismic responses of RC framed structures is analysed by using the ETABS software. The primary goal is to compare the results of Storey displacement in both axis, Maximum base shear and storey drift under the seismic conditions and how AAC blocks are adequate when compared to conventional red bricks.

Seismic analysis and design of multilevel car parking using ETABS

The main aim of this paper is to prepare the structural system, Seismic Analysis and design for Multi-level car parking using ETABS software. The Multilevel car parking consists of Ground + 6 floors. Type of foundation has been decided as pile foundation with pile cap. Multilevel car parking was designed for dead loads, live loads, wind and seismic loads. RC structure is analyzed by using the ETABS 2016 Integrated building design software. The superstructure is modeled by frame elements elements as appropriate. Beams and columns are modeled as frame elements, conventional slab is considered as membrane element. The floor slab has been modelled as a diaphragm at each floor levels to resist the lateral forces. Seismic zones are considered in the analysis, and behaviour is evaluated using moment resisting frame with a response reduction factor of 5. Loads and its combinations are considered for design as per codal provisions IS 456:2000 and IS 1893. The dimensions of the beams and columns are safe in the software. Crack width and deflection of beams are within permitted limits.

Comparative study of conventional slab with slab constructed using AAC block and steel grid

The environment can no more handle the waste produced by mankind in the near future. Concrete is a non-decomposable material that is damaging the environment on a wide scale. Every day, the number of concrete structures demolished rises, but the construction of concrete structures that should be demolished is rising as well. A composite structure is the most proper concept to obtain easy to construct floor system, by optimally utilizing available materials. This paper deals with the comparative study of a conventional RCC slab system with a slab system constructed using AAC (Autoclave Aerated Concrete) block and steel grid using ETABS software. Even though the initial cost of construction of this slab system is high, its low maintenance cost, long life, and reusability makes it advantageous over the conventional RCC slab system. This alternative slab system with AAC block and steel grid eventually helps to reduce the use of concrete and make the construction environment friendly.

Design and Development of Bamboo Polyhouse as Entrepreneurship Model of Nutri-Garden

Agriculture directly connects with nutrition. Despite substantial increase in agriculture productivities, malnutrition prevails. The reason lies in the ‘hidden hunger’ or micro-nutrient deficiencies, which can be fulfilled by increasing dietary diversity. Various organizations promote kitchen garden / Nutri-Garden to achieve the minimum dietary diversity. The design, structural analysis, construction details, and performance analysis of a bamboo-polyhouse to support a Nutri-garden are reported. ETABS software was used to evaluate stability to withstand wind up to 36 m.s-1. The maximum temperature difference (inside and ambient) of 1.6 o C was observed in the naturally ventilated polyhouse structure when the top vent was open. Production data of vegetables produced and sold in nearby markets indicated a payback period of 2.41 years. The technical solution developed and demonstrated on farmers’ field to obtain year-round production of fresh vegetables for the nutrition of family and revenue after selling marketable surpluses is a solution that awaits further dissemination. The potential of large-scale adoption of bamboo polyhouse for Nutri-gardens as an entrepreneurship route by small farmers can be explored through support from existing government programmes.

Progressive collapse: Analytical study on the behavior of reinforced concrete frame using E-tabs

Performance-based seismic analysis is one vital tool for studying the progressive collapse of Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings. Many incidents, such as earthquakes and gas explosions, have caused failures in major components of building structures either partially or completely. Progressive collapse in a building occurs when at least one vertical element, such as columns, is removed. This work deals with the performance of a (G + 10) storey building consisting of 5 × 5 bays with a span length of 4 m and pushover analysis is performed using E-tabs software and design of buildings as per Indian Standard (IS) code. The columns have been removed as per General Service Administration (GSA) guidelines. The first corner column (C1), the third column (C3), the fifth column C5), the middle column (C13) in the ground storey, and the first corner column (C1) in the fifth storey are removed. The frame is analysed for different seismic zones (zone 1, zone 2, zone 3, zone 4) as per IS 1983:2002 by using a non-linear static analysis procedure. The critical column in a frame is found using axial load carrying capacity.

Effect of outrigger systems for tall buildings

The development of tall building construction is increasing worldwide today to meet the demands and challenges in construction industry. The intention of tall building construction is owing to population growth and lack of enough horizontal spaces. The rise in height of the tall building needs at most care on lateral stiffness of the structure where the introduction of outrigger trusses plays a vital role. In this paper, an investigation has been performed to study the behaviour of outrigger trusses on different locations of the building using response spectrum analysis. For this analysis, a three-dimensional building model is developed for G + 20, G + 26 and G + 30 storey RC building to find out the performance of outrigger trusses subjected to earthquake loading conditions. The performance analysis is evaluated by ETABS software and the analysis results were compared among lateral displacements, storey shear and storey drift to find out optimal position of outriggers and an efficient reduction of storey drift in a structure. It was observed that, the introduction of outrigger trusses at the bottom storey reduces considerable drift to enhance the stiffness of the structure.

Construction sequence analysis of multi-storey setback building placed in slope with p-delta and time-dependent effects

Analysis and design of the structure are the most critical steps in the pre-construction steps involved. Nowadays, as technology is well developed, there is plenty of software available to carry over the analysis and design of any structures in a short period. In every software, the building model with all storey will be modelled, and loads are applied to the modelled structure on respective members, and their responses will be studied for the whole structure. But in reality, the building will be constructed in sequence as a step-by-step process, i.e., storey after storey with their respective loads, which may produce different responses. This analysis with sequential loading at each step is called Construction Sequence Analysis (CSA). In the present project work, the ten-storey setback building with a built-up area of 25m x 30m placed on the slope of 10°, assumed to be situated in Darjeeling, is modelled in ETABS software. The loads, namely gravity and lateral loads are applied to the developed model. Then the model is analyzed for different loads and their combinations as prescribed by IS codes. The combinations that produce high response are selected and dead load in those combinations are replaced with three modes: CSA without P-Delta effect, CSA with P-Delta effect, and CSA with P-Delta and Time-dependent effects combined. Thus the model is analyzed with these three additional combinations along with selected conventional load combinations. The various comparisons such as storey displacement, and storey drift between these four combinations of analysis were studied, and results were discussed. The building design is also done based on the analysis performed.

Study of seismic analysis of asymmetric building with different shapes of staggered openings and without openings in Shear Wall

Shear walls are structural members that are usually used in high-rise buildings to resist lateral forces such as wind and seismic. Several studies suggest that shear walls perform better without any openings, however in situations such as provision of openings for ventilation and mechanical movement for lifts, it is mandatory to give openings in shear walls. Evaluation of seismic responses of shear walls is vital to check for stability and integrity of structures from external loads. This comparative study focuses on the effectiveness of various shapes of vertical staggered openings in an asymmetrical building under the effect of earthquake loads with the help of ETABS software. 10 storey asymmetric building is analyzed by response spectrum method to compare the parameters such as displacement, storey drift, storey shear, storey stiffness, base shear between different shapes of staggered openings such as square, rectangular and triangular compared to the same model with uniform openings and without openings in shear wall. This paper also further explains the failure pattern between staggered and uniform openings in shear walls. Furthermore, the model is also analyzed with rectangular openings aligned along the center line of shear wall to understand the effectiveness of placement too. There is very little study on the effectiveness of different shapes of staggered openings in an asymmetric building. The main aim of this paper is as follows: to understand the advantages of staggered openings over uniform openings and to analyze effectiveness of staggered openings to seismic load when different shapes of openings are used.

Numerical evaluation of the seismic performance of thin reinforced concrete wall buildings representative of the industrialized building system

The industrialized building system has specific characteristics that set it apart from the conventional concrete wall system, namely, a reduced wall thickness, the use of electro-welded wire mesh, and a lack of boundary element confinement. These conditions have attracted the interest of researchers, who have developed various experimental programs to evaluate the behavior of these walls. However, evidence on the seismic performance of buildings remains scarce. In this study, the performance of 5-, 8- and 12-story buildings was evaluated by nonlinear chronological analysis. Numerical models were constructed using the Shell Layered element of the ETABS software and adjusted based on the results from tests of isolated walls and the periods of one of the buildings identified in an ambient vibration test. The findings suggest that these buildings may fail to meet the life safety performance level in high seismic hazard areas.

Seismic Analysis of Multi Storey Buildings With and Without Shear-Walls

A structure in its design life period is subjected to a number of earthquakes of various intensities from small to medium and large. The work of a structural engineer is to come up with a design that will be able to resist the impact of earthquake without collapse. Earthquake resisting members like shear-walls are ductile in nature and they exhibit enough resistance to face the seismic forces and reduce the amount of drifts and displacements. In this study, an under 50m category building (twelve storey, G+11, total height 36m) and a 50-100 m category building (twenty-eight storey, G+27, total height 84m) are considered with and without shear-wall configuration for seismic analysis. Both static and dynamic analysis are applied to the structures using ETABs software. Difference in results for drifts and displacements are studied in this investigation.

A Review on Multi-Storey RCC& Composite Building Under Seismic Effect using E-Tabs Software

The Steel-concrete composite constructions are commonly used in modern construction. Due to its several advantages over RCC and steel structures, composite structures consisting of steel and concrete are particularly popular. The structural members of RCC buildings are heavier and have larger cross-sections. Steel constructions have higher deflections and flexibility than concrete structures, helping resistance to earthquake loads. In composite structures, the appropriate qualities of RCC and steel structures are blended. The composite structures facilitate lower costs, quick construction, and fire protection, among other attributes. Present study covers comparison of high-rise (G+8) RCC and composite structures in seismic zone IV considering the provisions of IS: 1893 (Part1) -2002. The seismic behaviour of frames created using the suggested methodology is assessed using ETABS software's nonlinear time-history analysis and the results are compared using various parametric data, for structures in all sorts of building frames, maximum storey displacement, storey stiffness, storey drift, fundamental time periods, base shear, and weight are determined. The steel-concrete composite frames, along with RCC and steel constructions, are best suited for medium to high rise buildings, according to comparative research.

Perilaku Dan Kinerja Struktur Dari Hasil Perancangan Bangunan Unconfined Masonry Dan Confined Masonry

Many buildings in Indonesia were damaged during the earthquake, especially non-engineered brick walls building. One example of non-engineered brick walls building is Bendung Village Head Office in Serang, Banten, which was damaged by the 2019 Pandeglang earthquake. This building was built without reinforced concrete beams and columns known as unconfined masonry buildings. In this study, the building will be redesigned with ETABS software to determine the similarities between the structural weaknesses from ETABS and the actual damage. The results of the structural analysis give a time period of 0.814 seconds, a base shear force of 195.5 kN, and a stress on the wall that is 50% similar to the real damage. Then, the same building was designed following the rules and regulations for earthquake resistant buildings in Indonesia so that it became a confined masonry building. The result is a time period of 1.586 seconds, a base shear force of 114.2 kN, and a brick wall that is not damaged when exposed to earthquake loads. However, the dimensions and reinforcement of beams and columns that comply with the minimum requirements for earthquake resistant buildings in Indonesia need to be enlarged because their strength capacity is exceeded by the working load.

Comparative study on folded ferrocement and plain ferrocement panels subjected to axial loading

The purpose of this research is to explain the performance of plain and folded ferrocement panels under axial stress and to assess their load bearing capacity. Both the panels were cast and tested using the same dimensions and materials, with a length of around 3000 mm, a depth of 2700 mm, and a thickness of 30 mm. For both panels, a 1: 3 cement mortar with a water cement ratio of 0.45 is employed, double layered chicken mesh and HYSD 8 mm bars are positioned at 200 mm c/c. Two-point loads were gradually applied throughout the span of the panels, and the resulting deflection was measured for each load increment. The maximal load-bearing capacity of both panels was compared in this research, as well as the flexural load carrying ability, load–deflection relationship, fracture patterns, ultimate deflection, and mechanism of failure of specimens. Finally, load deflection graphs and bar charts are plotted to compare the results of both panels. The ETABS software is used to conduct the analytical investigation. Software is used to build a Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame, and ferrocement panels are erected as wall components. The structure's behaviour is investigated, and load vs deflection is plotted for linear static analysis. Finally, the analytical and experimental research outcomes are contrasted.

Comparative analysis of earth quake resistant building design by considering bracings and shear wall system in ETABS software

Earthquakes are one of nature's most prominent risks to life on this planet and have decimated incalculable urban areas and towns on for all intents and purposes each landmass. Earth quack resistant structure is one of the most important concept in structural engineering. According to building design codes, earth quake resistant is depending upon the seismic zones. As per IS code 1893:2015 code seismic zones are classified in to four types they are Zone V, Zone IV, Zone III and Zone II. Everyday new procedures are being produced for the advancement of living arrangements financially, rapidly and satisfying the prerequisites of the gathering specialists and creators do the crease work, arranging and design, and so on, of the developments. The bracing systems and shear wall systems are generally used for designing the earth resistant structures, due to its simple construction methods and easy to install at the site. Both bracing systems and shear wall methods reduces the deflection of building as per the considerations. In the present study a G + 12 building is modeled by using ETABS Software and analysis is carried out by using Response spectrum analysis. The results like storey drift, storey shear, storey bending, time period and frequency were compared for building models made with steel bracings and shear wall systems.

Comparative analysis of behaviour of horizontal and vertical irregular buildings with and without using shear walls by ETABS software

At present days building a structure with all the regular configurations is not feasible in most of the cases due to the irregular plot dimensions, aesthetic visual and functional requirements in the urban cities. The structure with more irregular configuration either horizontally or vertically are more vulnerable to earthquake & wind forces which leads to collapses of structure, property loss and casualties. Although a considerable amount of research effort was made on capturing the responses of irregular configuration structures under the earthquake forces, but well-accepted guidelines for multi storey irregular configuration structures are still yet to be framed. In this aspect a question might arise in the mind of structural engineers designing a high-rise structure i.e., which irregular configuration of structures and type of structures provide considerably good responses to the earthquake forces in reducing the damage caused by earthquakes and cost effective in implementing. A well-known answer is that shear walls provide good response to resist lateral forces when added to a structure.In the present study a structure with horizontal irregularity, vertical irregularity, Stiffness irregularity and Mass irregularity buildings with and without shear wall is considered and responses of the buildings are compared. Modeling of these 4 types of models with and without shear walls are done with ETABS software for G + 15 storey. The goal of the study is to compare model results like Stiffness, Displacement, Shear & Drift values and find out which model performs better. Vertical geometrical irregular building with shear wall has shown considerably better performance than other irregular buildings.

Structural analysis of high-rise building using ETABS and RSA software

There are numerous software applications available to analyze and design massive projects in short time. Most of the software have 2-dimensional and 3-dimen- sional tools, while various structural engineers employ the use of the 3D analysis and design tools in their day-to-day tasks because of its ease to operate and graphical user interface. These tools help in modeling, analyzing, and design of structures much more efficient. Despite the availability of numerous software products, there are confusions on the software to be used in the analysis and design of specific building structures. There is a need of studying the strength and weakness of some of these software tools to help structural engineers in the selection of the best application in their daily tasks. The aim of this study is to investigate the structural analysis of high-rise building with ETABS and RSA software and compare the influences of the structural analysis results from the two software in design. The comparison between the axial forces and moment from the results of ETABS and RSA software are presented. Case studies are considered to analyze the structure with the gravitational loads and lateral loads due to wind load by the two software applications. The case studies include a thirty-stories reinforced concrete building frame. The results of the analysis of the frame are compared and their difference is presented. From the analysis, the results show that, the moments and forces presented from RSA are bigger than that of ETABS.

The Behaviour of High-Rise Building with or without Shear Wall under Different Earthquakes

On the 5th June 2015, an earthquake hit Ranau, Sabah with a magnitude of 6.0 that caused 18 casualties and several injuries are one of the examples that show Malaysia is not safe from any seismic event. Most of the structure in Malaysia was designed not to include seismic action. Furthermore, an area that has a high density of population such as in the central region (Klang valley) and several main cities in Malaysia has less available land to build landed housing and uses high-rise apartments as an alternative. High-rise buildings that are normally having problems with soft story mechanisms and plan irregularity which could lead to severe damage when earthquakes happen. This study aims to observe the response of high-rise buildings when under different earthquakes in the presence of shear walls. To achieve this objective two models were modelled and analyzed by using ETABS software, the one with a shear wall and the one with no shear wall. The methods used in this study were the response spectrum method and time-history analysis. In the end, the parameters observed were base shear, story stiffness, story drift, and story displacement. The observations highlighted that the effect of earthquake intensities shows a significant effect. The acquired results indicated that the building with the shear wall is more resistant and strong structures as compared to buildings without shear wall when undergoing seismic analysis.

Comparative seismic analysis study of G+ 20 story building with flat slab and conventional slab using ETABS

Abstract: In the study, three dimensional analytical models of G+20 story buildings have been generated and analysed using CSI ETABS software version 2016. The earthquake zone III in India is considered for buildings during analysis. Here, the analysis and design is done of G+20 story building with flat slab(with drops) and conventional slab system. In earthquake zone the displacement and drift of the structures will be more so to have more stiffness to the structure shear wall is to be provided therefore a study is made by comparing between conventional slab & flat slab (with drops) building. Comparison of various parameters like story drift, story displacement, story stiffness and time period is done. The equivalent static method is used to design and analyze the structures, as categorized by Indian Standard Code for earthquake resistant structures. The study shows that story drift is 10% more in conventional slab as compared to flat slab; story displacements is observed linearly increasing with height of the building and is 11% more in conventional slab as compared to flat slab . Keywords: Equivalent Static Method, Flat Slab, ETABS 2016, story displacement, story stiffness, story drift, time period