Esthetic Profile Research Articles

Perception of facial esthetics and cephalometric correlations in Class II patients: a comparison between two-phase and one-phase treatments

An effective orthodontic treatment should not only aim for satisfactory occlusal outcomes but also consider its impact on facial esthetics. The study aims to evaluate and compare the perception of profile esthetics of skeletal Class II patients treated with two orthodontic modalities: (1) Two-phase approach involving functional appliances followed by fixed appliances with premolar extractions, or (2) One-phase approach using fixed appliances with premolar extractions. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the correlation between the perceived esthetics and the corresponding cephalometric measurements. The study included 40 skeletal Class II adolescents who underwent either two-phase (n = 20, mean age = 12.38 ± 1.18) or one-phase (n = 20, mean age = 12.53 ± 0.79) orthodontic treatments. Eighty profile silhouettes (pre- and post-treatment) were assessed by 64 raters, including 23 orthodontists, 21 general dental practitioners, and 20 laypersons. The raters used a visual analog scale (VAS) to access profiles, upper and lower lips, and chin esthetics. At pre-treatment, all three groups of raters gave significantly lower scores to the profile silhouettes of the two-phase group compared to the one-phase group (P < 0.01); however, after treatment, they rated the two-phase group significantly higher (P ≤ 0.001). The two-phase group exhibited greater improvements in profile and upper and lower lip esthetics as perceived by all raters (P ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, cephalometric results revealed greater reductions in SNA, ANB, Wits appraisal, and G’-Sn-Pog’ in the two-phase group compared to the one-phase group (P < 0.05). Five cephalometric parameters (SNB, SNPog, overjet, overbite, and UL-SnPog’) demonstrated significant correlations with VAS scores given by orthodontists (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the two-phase group showed greater subjective and objective improvements in facial esthetics than the one-phase group. Additionally, the anteroposterior mandibular position and upper lip protrusion may be the primary cephalometric parameters correlated with subjective facial profile perceptions.

Craniofacial features and incisor position design of esthetics population after orthodontic treatment.

This study aims to provide craniofacial features and incisor position prediction models among esthetics population after orthodontic treatment. A total of 338 patients with esthetic profiles were selected from 1 055 post-orthodontic adults based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and scored by five dental students. Mean values of cephalometric measurement were demonstrated with gender and sagittal skeletal pattern (ANB) differences assessed by generalized estimating equation. Correlations among age, skeletal, and soft tissue variables in different genders were determined. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the influence of skeletal and soft tissue variables on orthodontic incisor position. Within the esthetic cohort after orthodontic treatment, gender differences existed in cranial and mandibular length, mandibular rotation, protrusion of pogonion, inclination of maxillary incisors, upper lip thickness, lower 1/3 face height, and nose protrusion. However, in class Ⅰ malocclusion, the development of the chin showed no significance, whereas the protrusion of the lower lip significantly differed between genders, with less protrusion in males. In males, the protrusion of lip and chin varied among groups, with thinner basic upper lip thickness of class Ⅱ than class Ⅰ and greater lower lip height of class Ⅲ than class Ⅰ. In females, the protrusion and height of the upper lip and chin varied in groups, with thicker basic upper lip thickness of class Ⅲ than class Ⅰ. Upper lip thickness, female basic upper lip thickness, and female lower lip height were correlated with age. The protrusion of the upper lip was mainly correlated with posterior cranial base, mandibular body length, ANB in male and SNA, ANB, sagittal maxillary length, mandibular rotation, and protrusion of pogonion in female. The protrusion of the lower lip in males was mainly correlated with ramus height, mandibular rotation, protrusion of pogonion in male and ANB, mandibular rotation, and protrusion of pogonion in females. After employing skeletal variables to fit dental parameters, optimal results were achieved in male IMPA (adjusted R2=0.712) and female G Vert-U1 (adjusted R2=0.795). After employing skeletal and soft tissue variables simultaneously, optimal results were achieved in male and female G Vert-U1, which was mainly influenced by the protrusion of the chin and nasal base in males (adjusted R2=0.836) and the protrusion of the nasal base as well as ANB in females (adjusted R2=0.842). This study demonstrated the craniofacial features of esthetics population after orthodontic treatment and revealed the correlation of gender, age, skeleton, and soft tissues to provide reliable prediction models for aesthetic orthodontic incisor position.

Harmonizing soft tissue subnasale and chin position in a forehead-based framework: interracial commonalities and differences between Asian and Caucasian females.

To establish a reference system for assessing the anteroposterior (A-P) position of the subnasal and lower-facial soft tissues for whole facial harmony. Forty Asian and 40 Caucasian females with attractive profiles were selected as the "attractive" samples, with "ordinary" samples for comparison. Each profile was analyzed, and comparisons were made to reveal the interracial commonalities and differences. Esthetically essential parameters were established. An averaged attractive profile for each race was created by digital morphing and then modified into 30 variations based on combined variations of the esthetically essential parameters. Assessments were performed to investigate the esthetic ranges. A-P position of the subnasal and lower-facial landmarks harmonized with the forehead for female profile esthetics. In addition to balanced soft tissue subnasale (sSn)- and soft titssue pogonion (Pos)-to-forehead A-P relations, harmonizing lower-facial soft tissues to sSn was indispensable for profile attractiveness. sSn-to-glabella, Pos-to-glabella, and Pos-to-sSn A-P relations were esthetically essential. Perceived by orthodontists, the attractive Asian female profiles had sSn-to-glabella A-P relations ranging from 0.5 mm to 4.5 mm, Pos-to-sSn from -9.0 mm to -5.5 mm, and Pos-to-glabella from -8.5 mm to -1.0 mm. Compared with Asians, the attractive Caucasian female profiles had more anteriorly and widely distributed sSn relative to the forehead, wider ranges of Pos-to-sSn A-P relations, and more prominent chins. A reference system comprising sSn-glabella, Pos-sSn, and Pos-glabella horizontal distances was constructed for facial profile analysis. This system could aid treatment planning for surgical or orthopedic repositioning of the maxilla and chin.

Evaluation of the diagnostic ability of the Fränkel manoeuvre to detect the contributing jaw in angle class II division 1 malocclusion

BackgroundA correct diagnosis of patients with an Angle Class II malocclusion is needed to guide treatment decisions toward the contributing jaw and to achieve better treatment outcomes. The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the Fränkel manoeuvre (FM) for detecting the components determining sagittal discrepancy in Angle Class II division 1.Materials and methodsAnonymous questionnaires containing photographs were distributed totwo groups: general practitioner (GP) dentists and orthodontists. The level of the patient’s profile aesthetics before (T0) and after (T1) the manoeuvre was determined using a 100 mm visual analog scale, and the ‘profile improvement’ score was defined as T1 minus T0. The diagnostic ability of the FM was calculated by comparison with lateral cephalometry as a reference standard using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsA total of 102 respondents participated in the survey; 40 were orthodontists, and 62 were GP dentists. According to the post-FM images, the “profile improvement” score (T1-T0) was significantly greater in patients with mandibular retrusion than in those with maxillary protrusion (p < 0.05). The predictive power of FM, coinciding with the area under the ROC curve, was 0.62 for GPs and 0.78 for orthodontists.ConclusionsThe FM method is a useful and accurate tool for diagnosing skeletal Angle Class II malocclusion etiology (mandibular retrusion or maxillary protrusion), especially when used by orthodontists.

TÉCNICAS CIRÚRGICAS PARA ESTÉTICA GENGIVAL E PERFIL EMERGENTE EM IMPLANTODONTIA

Introduction: Implant dentistry seeks to improve the similarity of implants with natural teeth, focusing on soft tissue quality, authentic gingival shape and adequate crown. The emergence profile plays a vital role in implant esthetics, guiding the soft tissues and preventing food accumulation. Direct and indirect techniques manipulate tissue to create the emergence profile using grafts and temporary abutments. Connective grafts and PRF are options to improve the gingival phenotype, with standard CTG and PRF promising to treat peri-implant diseases. Choosing the right techniques is crucial to restoring the patient’s anatomical profile. This study explores the main surgical techniques for gingival aesthetics and the emerging profile in implant dentistry. Objectives: To address the main surgical techniques for gingival aesthetics and the emerging profile in implant dentistry. Results: 27 articles were obtained, 2 (by duplicity), 20 (by abstract) and 1 (by not meeting the eligibility criteria) were excluded. Finally, 4 articles were included in this review. Discussion: the appropriate surgical technique promotes an adequate emergency aesthetic profile that reduces the time of the clinical procedure and obtains the best osseointegration associated with a peri-implant tissue, stable, healthy, with ideal and safe extensions. Thus achieving longevity in protection and gingival health. Conclusion: The choice of surgical technique depends on the individual characteristics of each patient, and the anatomical and aesthetic aspects of the patient must be considered in order to create an emerging profile that is aesthetically healthy and functionally healthy.

Analysis of maxillary teeth and soft tissue profiles among Tibetan and Han Chinese females with facial symmetry for orthodontic treatment planning.

The evaluation of maxillary teeth and soft tissue profiles is a critical component of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the sagittal position of maxillary anterior teeth and facial profile esthetics among Tibetan and Han Chinese adult females for optimizing orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. A total of 100 Tibetan Chinese and 100 Han Chinese adult females with good facial symmetry were recruited. The smiling facial profile images with the maxillary central incisors and forehead in full view were taken based totally on the same standard. The photo measurement and head position were adjusted using the picture-enhancing software. The reference traces associated with forehead inclinations were utilized to assess the anteroposterior (AP) positions of the maxillary central incisors. The results showed that a round forehead was the dominant forehead shape for Tibetan (93%) and Han (55%) Chinese females. In Tibetan females, 85% of the maxillary central incisors were found to be located between the forehead's anterior limit line (the Gall line) and the goal anterior limit line (the Fall line), with 15% located posterior to the Fall line. This distribution manifested a strong association with incisor position and forehead inclination (R2 = 0.742). In Han females, 83% of the maxillary central incisors were located between the Fall line and the Gall line, with 12% posterior to the Fall line and 5% anterior to the Gall line. The positions of the maxillary central incisors exhibited a strong relationship with forehead inclination (R2 = 0.827). The maxillary central incisors were close to the aesthetic line in both ethnic groups, while forehead inclinations were correlated with AP maxillary incisor position. These findings demonstrated that there was a close relationship between the incisor position of Tibetan and Han females with facial symmetry and the forehead FFA factor, indicating a reference in oral hard and soft tissues for optimizing orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in terms of facial contour.

Evaluation of the facial profile of skeletal Class III patients undergoing camouflage orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study.

To identify objective metrics for evaluating the esthetics of facial profiles in skeletal Class III patients undergoing camouflage orthodontic treatment. Eighty Asian-Chinese patients classified as skeletal Class III were included. Thirty cephalometric measurements of pre- and posttreatment cephalograms were analyzed. Ten orthodontists assigned visual analog scale (VAS) scores to the pre- and posttreatment profiles based on standardized lateral photographs. Correlations between subjective VAS scores and objective measurements were assessed using Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Lower incisor (L1) protrusion, nasolabial angle, lower lip-E line distance, SNB angle, and L1 to AP plane were significantly correlated with VAS scores of pretreatment profiles of skeletal Class III patients. Factors such as retraction of the lower incisor, increased interincisal angle and overjet, reduction of lower lip-E line distance, as well as augmentation of the Z angle and nasolabial angle were significantly correlated with the changes in VAS scores post-camouflage orthodontic treatment. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that pretreatment nasolabial angle, changes in the lower lip-E line distance, and pretreatment Pog-NB distance were the key factors influencing the posttreatment facial profile esthetics of skeletal Class III patients with camouflage orthodontic treatment. Several cephalometric measurements correlate with subjective facial esthetic evaluations of skeletal Class III patients. Changes in lower lip prominence, the pretreatment nasolabial angle, and Pog-NB distance are the main factors related to facial esthetics in skeletal Class III patients after camouflage orthodontic treatment.

Self-perception and self-recognition of facial profiles in adolescents referred to orthodontic treatment.

To investigate self-recognition and self-perception among participants with straight, convex, and concave profiles. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire with questions about demographic information, self-perception of the facial profile, satisfaction with profile esthetics, expectations about profile changes after completing orthodontic treatment, motivational factors, and self-recognition. For the self-recognition question, profiles of the respondents were blackened and inserted into the questionnaire. Participants were categorized into three groups: those exhibiting a convex, straight, and concave profile. There was no statistically significant difference between the straight, concave, and convex profile groups regarding self-recognition and self-perception. Participants showed greater ability in self-recognition than self-perception of their soft-tissue profile (P = .001). Females showed higher capability in self-perception than males (P = .001). Self-recognition and self-perception of the soft-tissue profile are not influenced by facial convexity.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of Incisive Canal and Maxillary Central Incisors in Dravidian Population.

En-masse maxillary anterior retraction is necessary to attain an esthetic profile in Angle's class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate configurational relationships between maxillary incisors and incisive canal in Angle's class I bialveolar protrusion and Angle's class II division 1 malocclusionby cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 108 adult CBCT scans of 54-skeletal class I bialveolar protrusion and 54-skeletal class II division 1 malocclusions were retrospectively analyzed. Angles between palatal plane and axis of maxillary alveolar border (θ1),incisive canal (θ2), and maxillary right central incisor (θ3) were measured in relation to the midsagittal plane. Linear measurements such as incisive canal width (IC-IC), medial inter-root distance (Rm-Rm), posterior inter-root distance (Rp-Rp), anteroposterior distance from Rm to tangent of right central incisor (11 Rm-Cat), and left central incisor (21 Rm-Cat)corresponding to three vertical levels (L1, L2, and L3) were assessed in axial cross-sectional plane. Association among angular measurements was examined by Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. Mann-Whitney U test compared variables of linear measurements at three vertical levels. Estimated distance from incisor root to incisive canal was 5-6 mm in both groups slightly influenced by skeletal class and vertical levels but not gender. Mann-Whitney test demonstrated significant differences between groups at three vertical levels (p<0.05). Only θ2 revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between malocclusions compared to θ1 and θ3. The angular measurements for both malocclusions were positively correlated (p<0.05). Sagittal root-canal cortical plate distance varied significantly in both malocclusions (5-6 mm). Inter-root distance (Rp-Rp) was greater than incisive canal width (IC-IC) at all three vertical levels indicating a reduced possibility of canal invasion after maximum retraction at posterior levels.

A Single-center Comparison of Surgical Outcomes following Prepectoral and Subpectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction.

Prepectoral implant placement continues to gain widespread acceptance as a safe and effective option for breast reconstruction. Current literature demonstrates comparable rates of complications and revisions between prepectoral and subpectoral placement; however, these studies are underpowered and lack long-term follow-up. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent immediate two-staged tissue expander or direct-to-implant breast reconstruction at a single center from January 2017 to March 2021. Cases were divided into prepectoral and subpectoral cohorts. The primary outcomes were postoperative complications, aesthetic deformities, and secondary revisions. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression models were performed to compare the demographic characteristics and outcomes between the two cohorts. We identified 996 breasts (570 patients), which were divided into prepectoral (391 breasts) and subpectoral (605 breasts) cohorts. There was a higher rate of complications (P < 0.001) and aesthetic deformities (P = 0.02) with prepectoral breast reconstruction. Secondary revisions were comparable between the two cohorts. Multivariable regression analysis confirmed that prepectoral reconstruction was associated with an increased risk of complications (odds ratio 2.39, P < 0.001) and aesthetic deformities (odds ratio 1.62, P = 0.003). This study evaluated outcomes in patients undergoing prepectoral or subpectoral breast reconstruction from a single center with long-term follow-up. Prepectoral placement was shown to have an inferior complication and aesthetic profile compared with subpectoral placement, with no difference in secondary revisions. These findings require validation with a well-designed randomized controlled trial to establish best practice for implant-based breast reconstruction.

Biomechanical and clinical considerations for the correction of Class II anterior open bite

Anterior open bite (AOB) with mild-to-moderate skeletal discrepancies can be camouflaged by an orthodontic tooth movement. Conventional methods can improve occlusal relationships and some profile esthetics, but their mechanics may result in detrimental side effects such as a gummy smile, a high-frequency relapse, and an unfavorable facial profile. The emergence of temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) has facilitated the treatment of skeletal Class II AOB through intrusion of the posterior teeth and autorotation of the mandible, improving facial esthetics while minimizing the side effects. TSADs can also simplify treatment plans and offer a more predictable treatment result. Finite element studies have identified the location of the center of resistance of the dentition, providing a biomechanical basis for understanding 3-dimensional tooth movement patterns using TSADs. Therefore, biomechanical and clinical considerations are essential for correcting Class II AOB using TSADs.

Evaluation of the Influence of Nasolabial Angle, Upper Sulcus Depth, and Nasal Tip Protrusion in the Perception of Facial Attractiveness

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of variations in the upper sulcus depth, nasal tip protrusion, and nasolabial angle on the esthetic perception of profiles. Design: A web-based survey study and was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics. This survey was conducted for a period of 10 months and included orthodontists practicing in India. Methods: This study included lateral cephalograms of the most esthetic profiles from a set of 30 profiles that were within Holdaways norms; the most esthetic profile was determined by a panel of two orthodontists and two general dentists. The most esthetic profile photograph will be transferred to a computer in Corel software. The outline of the profile will remain the same, with the inner aspect converted into a dark area (black); now, the profile is completely converted into facial silhouettes. This black facial silhouette is presented to avoid any distractions and bias. There will be a total of 27 silhouettes by various combinations of increased, decreased, and normal values for nasolabial angle, upper sulcus depth, and nasal tip protrusions. Results: Both the orthodontist and layman chose the most favored profile as a normal profile having a normal nasal tip, normal nasolabial angle, and normal upper sulcus depth, whereas among dentists, 50% chose the most favored profile in which the nasolabial angle was normal but the nasal tip and upper labial sulcus were decreased. When it comes to the least favored profiles, opinions varied between orthodontists, dentists, and laymen. Conclusion: The perception of facial esthetics has always been and still is varied between the layman, the dentist, and the orthodontists. Profiles with normal to sharp noses with normal and increased nasolabial angles were considered more attractive than the others. Profiles with fuller upper labial sulci were considered least attractive with other parameters changing.

Comparative Evaluation of Horizontal Lip Position With Ricketts Esthetic Plane in Preschool and School-Going Children of Bankura, West Bengal: A Craniofacial Anthropometric Study.

Introduction The horizontal lip position and esthetic plane are two important parameters to define facial beauty, and these factors are always given importance in children undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate horizontal lip position in primary and mixed dentition children with class I occlusion and to analyze its association with gender among preschool and schoolchildren of villages in the Bankura district in West Bengal. Materials and methods Researchers screened 437 children for the study and selected those who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 407 children were segregated: 201 children aged three to five years with the flush terminal plane and mesial step in primary teeth and 206 children aged seven to eleven years with class I occlusion in mixed dentition were selected from schools in villages in Bankura district, West Bengal, India. The subjects were instructed to hold the head in the natural head position by looking straight, and points were marked on the nose and chin tip, respectively. A metallic ruler was placed from nose to chin, representing Rickett's esthetic line. The horizontal lip distance to the esthetic plane of both upper and lower lips was measured as a linear distance from the most anterior part of the lip to the metallic ruler. The data were recorded, compared with gender, and statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences software (SPSS version 19.0, 2015, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The most prevalent horizontal lip distance for both upper and lower lips to the esthetic line for primary and mixed dentition in the Bankura region of West Bengal was category I, where the lip is seen beyond the E plane, followed by category II, where lips are at a horizontal distance in the range of 0-1.5 mm from the esthetic line. A significant correlation of lip position with Rickets aesthetic plane was also illustrious with gender in primary dentition, but a non-significant association with gender was noted in mixed dentition. Conclusion Children with class I occlusion from the Bankura district of West Bengal showed a higher percentage of lip position beyond the esthetic plane in both primary and mixed dentition, which is not in line with the inference of Ricketts's studies on the Caucasian population. There is a definite association between gender and horizontal lip distance in Ricketts esthetic plane. Protrusive upper lips were seen more in males, and retrusive lips were seen more in females. Clinical significance The horizontal lip position with reference to Ricketts esthetic plane has been documented in the literature for adults and teens undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. However, there is no study done to define these measurements in preschool and school-going children, which can assist in determining future esthetic profiles and in preparing a protocol for early age interceptive orthodontics along with aesthetic rehabilitation of the anterior area of the mouth.

Art education in the context of the modern educational process

Relevance. The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that in the field of modern education there are numerous discussions and study of such an aspect as updating the education methods. The leading task of educational policy is to ensure a high-quality level of education at all stages of education � from preschool to professional. The above also applies to arts education, as it is part of the general education system.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to study the issue of modern art education, to analyse further possible directions in which it can develop.Methodology. The leading approach to the study of the problem is the use of art as a teaching method.Results. The main results that can be highlighted in the analysis of aesthetic education at the present time: education in the field of creativity is underestimated in the learning process, although it is an important aspect of the development of a particular individual; artistic and aesthetic education in the context of modern educational activities is not a primary task of society; current principles embedded in education provide for the dominance of authoritarian models of regulation; art education is insufficiently equipped with a material, technical and personnel base within the framework of the general educational process.Conclusions. Prospects for further development are based on the resolution of the above dilemmas and represent: the necessity to form a level of special significance for art and aesthetic education at the level of the entire state; expansion of the general educational program in the creative and aesthetic profile and the arts by increasing the time allotted for the study of these areas.

Assessment of Oral Health Status and Factors Associated with Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Geriatric Population in Rural South India – A Community-based Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Introduction: In recent times, there is an increase in life expectancy leading to demographic transition toward aging population in both developed and developing countries. Oral health represents a major concern for general health; hence, the oral health of older people is increasingly important. One particularly meaningful factor is the number of teeth which provide information about the functionality of the masticatory system, an esthetic smile as well as an esthetic profile. Losing teeth can be psychologically traumatic, socially damaging, and functionally limiting, thereby affecting the quality of life (QoL). Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and factors associated with poor oral health-related QoL in geriatric population (aged &gt;60 years) in rural South India. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 437 elderly in Kaniyambadi block of Vellore district. Sociodemographic details were collected directly by face-to-face interview, and the elderly were subjected to oral examination for oral health status. Oral health-related quality of life (OHrQoL) was measured using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Factors associated with poor OHrQoL were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The study population comprised 31.1% (n = 136) of males and 68.9% (n = 301) of females, with a mean age of 68 (standard deviation – 6.9) years. On oral examination, the prevalence of dental caries and any type of edentulism was 51.5% (n = 225) and 82.4% (n = 360), respectively. The prevalence of complete edentulism was 10.1% (n = 44). By assessing oral health-related quality of life using the revised GOHAI tool, 30 (6.9%) had high scores between 34 and 36, 166 (38%) had scores between 31 and 33, and 241 (55.1%) had low scores (≤30). In the multivariate analysis, age &gt;70 years (odds ratio [OR] =1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–3.06, P = 0.006), male gender (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.05–3.3, P = 0.033), and edentulism/severe tooth loss (OR = 8.64, 95% CI = 3.19–23.87, P &lt; 0.001) had significantly higher odds for poor OHrQoL. Edentulism/severe tooth loss was also significantly associated with undernutrition (OR = 12.5, 95% CI = 6.56–23.81, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: The burden of dental caries and edentulism in rural South India was high. The prevalence of edentulism had a significant impact on the OHrQoL. This study highlights the need for researchers to understand the importance of edentulism and its impact on overall health of the elderly, thereby focusing on health programs inclusive of oral health promotion and prevention.

Facial profile esthetics and its correlation with cephalometric measurements in Class II patients before and after functional orthodontic treatment: perception of orthodontists and laypersons

Orthodontists heavily rely on cephalometric measurements to evaluate the esthetic outcomes of orthodontic treatments, while patients’ assessments of profile attractiveness are influenced by their personal esthetic preferences. The objective of this study was to compare facial esthetic evaluations between orthodontists and laypersons, examine the correlation between cephalometric measurements and assessments of facial attractiveness, and identify the cephalometric measurements that are most associated with profile attractiveness in teenage Class II patients. This study included 28 patients (17 boys and 11 girls, mean age of 11.83 ± 1.48 years) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were treated with activator appliances. An experienced orthodontist conducted objective cephalometric analyses before and after the treatment. The standard profiles of patients, pre- and post-treatment, were independently evaluated by 10 orthodontists and 20 laypersons. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between objective cephalometric values and subjective facial esthetic ratings. The results indicated that laypersons generally assigned lower ratings to facial attractiveness compared to orthodontists. Significant differences in evaluations between orthodontists and laypersons were noted in the ratings of the upper lip position before treatment and the ratings of overall attractiveness, lower lip position and chin position after treatment. In addition, there were substantial correlations between objective measurements and the subjective scores provided by orthodontists. In contrast, the esthetic evaluations by laypersons correlated with only a limited set of objective measurements. The positions of the upper and lower incisors, the relationship of the upper and lower lip to E-line, and the Mentocervical Angle showed significant correlations with esthetic scores. In conclusion, the study reveals that laypersons were more critical of facial profiles compared to orthodontists. Notably, the positions of the upper and lower incisors, the E-line and the Mentocervical Angle had a significant impact on facial esthetics, highlighting their importance in evaluating orthodontic outcomes.

Порівняльна оцінка профілометричних показників нижньої частини обличчя у дорослих пацієнтів з вродженими незрощеннями верхньої губи і піднебіння до і після ортопедичного лікування

Topicality. Despite the search for diverse options for medical and social care for people with congenital cleft upper lip and palate after surgical interventions in adulthood, there are still problems related to the specifics of orthopedic treatment for such patients that need to be resolved. An important criterion for evaluating the effectiveness and success of treatment of patients with congenital cleft upper lip and palate is the improvement of their quality of life in the process of complex rehabilitation. One of the possible options for improving the quality of life of such patients and their social adaptation is orthopedic rehabilitation using numerous options for orthopedic designs of dentures, which reproduce both functional and, in part, aesthetic capabilities. The aim of the study. To conduct a comparative assessment of the presence of facial profile aesthetics before and after orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with congenital cleft upper lip and palate after surgical interventions. Materials and methods. A comparative assessment of the aesthetics of the face profile before and after orthopedic rehabilitation of 37 patients aged 17 to 42 years with congenital cleft upper lip and palate (CCULP) after surgical interventions was carried out. Researched: ratio in the area of the frontal height of the face (N-Sn-Gn), nasolabial angle (C-Sn-UL), conducted lip analysis according to Ricketts, as well as the angle between the line that passed through points (N-Pog’) and Ricketts’ line (aesthetic line) and profile concavity angle (G-An-Pog’) before and after orthopedic treatment as a percentage of these indexes. Conclusion. The analysis of the parameters of the profile of the lower part of the face, in particular the parameters of the lips according to Ricketts and the nasolabial angle, testify that as a result of orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with CCULP, regardless of the type of nonunion, both fixed and removable (combined) prosthetics, the profile of the lower part of the face improved significantly, which affected aesthetic parameters of the face. Key words: congenital cleft lip and palate, maxillofacial anomalies, defects and deformities of the maxillofacial system, orthopedic rehabilitation of adult patients, orthopedic structures, photostatic analysis of the face profile.

Facial profile evaluation and prediction of skeletal class II patients during camouflage extraction treatment: a pilot study

BackgroundThe evaluation of the facial profile of skeletal Class II patients with camouflage treatment is of great importance for patients and orthodontists. The aim of this study is to explore the key factors in evaluating the facial profile esthetics and to predict the posttreatment facial profile esthetics of skeletal Class II extraction patients.Methods124 skeletal Class II extraction patients were included. The pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms were analyzed by a trained expert orthodontist. The facial profile esthetics of pretreatment and posttreatment lateral photographs were evaluated by 10 expert orthodontists using the visual analog scale (VAS). The correlation between subjective facial profile esthetics and objective cephalometric measurements was assessed. Three machine-learning methods were used to predict posttreatment facial profile esthetics.ResultsThe distances from lower and upper lip to the E plane and U1-APo showed the stronger correlation with profile esthetics. The changes in lower lip to the E plane and U1-APo during extraction exhibited the stronger correlation with changes in VAS score (r = − 0.551 and r = − 0.469). The random forest prediction model had the lowest mean absolute error and root mean square error, demonstrating a better prediction accuracy and fitting effect. In this model, pretreatment upper lip to E plane, pretreatment Pog-NB and the change of U1-GAll were the most important variables in predicting the posttreatment score of facial profile esthetics.ConclusionsThe maxillary incisor protrusion and lower lip protrusion are key objective indicators for evaluating and predicting facial profile esthetics of skeletal Class II extraction patients. An artificial intelligence prediction model could be a new method for predicting the posttreatment esthetics of facial profiles.

Balancing Act: Considerations for profiloplasty assessment in patients presenting for treatment with dermal fillers

Background: Dermal fillers are increasingly being used in profile aesthetic correction, but what happens if treatment is commenced without considering the impact on the inter-relationship between the nose, chin and lips in the lateral view? Objectives: Explore the relationship between these three profile features and provide a framework to help standardise the order in which they are assessed when preparing dermal filler treatment plans for profile correction. Methods: Literature review informed the development survey on profile aesthetics and assessment. Survey results were analysed descriptively and presented to a focus group comprising cosmetic physicians and plastic surgeons. This group reviewed validated assessment scales and incorporated these into a 3-step assessment framework, which was pilot-tested on a convenience sample of patients presenting prospectively for minimally invasive aesthetic treatment. Results: There was a 95% survey response rate (38/40 surveys completed). Facial feature proportion was rated the most important factor when determining profile attractiveness (average score 9.11) and the nose was ranked the primary feature contributing to the determination of profile attractiveness. The assessment framework begins with the nose, followed by the chin and then the lips and includes validated assessment scales and standard angles and lines. Results from pilot testing showed that by first balancing the nose, other key profile features could then be harmonised. Conclusions: In patients presenting for cosmetic injections to correct profile aesthetics the assessment framework provides a simple solution to enhance clinician-patient discussion and inform holistic treatment planning. Wider testing and validation are warranted.

Evaluation of the relationship between incisor torque and profile aesthetics in patients having orthodontic extractions compared to non-extractions

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between soft tissues aesthetics and incisor torque, as well as the effect of crowding, anchorage, and extraction pattern, in adult patients treated without extraction or with two or four extractions.Materials and methodsSeventy-seven subjects with permanent dentition were selected retrospectively. Among these, 24 patients were treated with four extractions, 24 with two extractions and 29 without extractions. Lateral cephalograms and photographies taken before (T0) and after (T1) treatment were retrieved. The amount of crowding and the type of anchorage were recorded, and a cephalometric analysis was performed. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the variables within and between groups. Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the effect of different predictors on soft tissues variables at T1.ResultsThe statistical analysis showed no differences within and between groups for soft tissue aesthetics. A significant reduction of the angle obtained from the intersection of Frankfurt plane and mandibular plane was observed in the four-extractions group, and a significant proclination of the lower incisors was observed in the two-extraction group. Linear regressions revealed that the change in soft tissue profile aesthetics was affected by the type of anchorage and the two-extractions pattern.ConclusionsSimilar soft tissue aesthetics were observed after treatment in the three groups, despite the presence of some skeletal and dental differences.Clinical relevanceA well-controlled incisor torque helps to preserve soft tissues aesthetics. The type of anchorage could influence soft tissues.