Comparative Evaluation of Horizontal Lip Position With Ricketts Esthetic Plane in Preschool and School-Going Children of Bankura, West Bengal: A Craniofacial Anthropometric Study.

Abstract

Introduction The horizontal lip position and esthetic plane are two important parameters to define facial beauty, and these factors are always given importance in children undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate horizontal lip position in primary and mixed dentition children with class I occlusion and to analyze its association with gender among preschool and schoolchildren of villages in the Bankura district in West Bengal. Materials and methods Researchers screened 437 children for the study and selected those who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 407 children were segregated: 201 children aged three to five years with the flush terminal plane and mesial step in primary teeth and 206 children aged seven to eleven years with class I occlusion in mixed dentition were selected from schools in villages in Bankura district, West Bengal, India. The subjects were instructed to hold the head in the natural head position by looking straight, and points were marked on the nose and chin tip, respectively. A metallic ruler was placed from nose to chin, representing Rickett's esthetic line. The horizontal lip distance to the esthetic plane of both upper and lower lips was measured as a linear distance from the most anterior part of the lip to the metallic ruler. The data were recorded, compared with gender, and statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences software (SPSS version 19.0, 2015, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The most prevalent horizontal lip distance for both upper and lower lips to the esthetic line for primary and mixed dentition in the Bankura region of West Bengal was category I, where the lip is seen beyond the E plane, followed by category II, where lips are at a horizontal distance in the range of 0-1.5 mm from the esthetic line. A significant correlation of lip position with Rickets aesthetic plane was also illustrious with gender in primary dentition, but a non-significant association with gender was noted in mixed dentition. Conclusion Children with class I occlusion from the Bankura district of West Bengal showed a higher percentage of lip position beyond the esthetic plane in both primary and mixed dentition, which is not in line with the inference of Ricketts's studies on the Caucasian population. There is a definite association between gender and horizontal lip distance in Ricketts esthetic plane. Protrusive upper lips were seen more in males, and retrusive lips were seen more in females. Clinical significance The horizontal lip position with reference to Ricketts esthetic plane has been documented in the literature for adults and teens undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. However, there is no study done to define these measurements in preschool and school-going children, which can assist in determining future esthetic profiles and in preparing a protocol for early age interceptive orthodontics along with aesthetic rehabilitation of the anterior area of the mouth.