True Essence Research Articles

Универсальность права как основа консенсуса государства и граждан в контексте правового регулирования и юридического прогнозирования

The article explores the basis of the relationship between the state and the individual in the relationship between legal regulation and legal anticipation. The legitimacy of legal regulation depends on the extent to which it corresponds to citizens' perceptions of law and, at the same time, the extent to which it protects national security. The universality of law, outlined in the article, makes it possible to eliminate the contradictions between the statism of positivism and the metaphysics of libertarian-legal theory. The universality of law makes it possible to integrate in the legal system the essence of the positivist doctrine and the properity of the libertarian-legal concept with a constructive outlet for the final rational that captures the infinite dialectical movement of legal matter. The positivist due reflects the formalised significance of the normative establishment and anticipates its realisation. Libertarian-legal proper predicts the optimal, reproducing the true essence of the norm. The rational transforms equality in ought (formal equality) into equality in being (actual equality), confirming the universality of law as an index of the circulation of legal matter from predetermined normativity (proper) to optimality (proper) and the final subject-practical expedient (rational). The methodology of the universality of law determines the existence in the legal system of obligatory and sufficient characteristics for the effective action of state and public institutions towards the protection of the constitutional order and respect for human rights, namely: a) The protection of national security and public safety; b) the retention of public power within the Hegelian "boundaries of order" - limiting its intrusion into the private sphere; c) the existence of inalienable rights and freedoms and guarantees for their realisation; d) the continuous modernisation of all parts of the legal system according to evolving political, socio-economic and spiritual-moral conditions. In this way, the interplay of national security and the directed development of the institutions of a free society is guaranteed, reflecting the coordinated mutual responsibility of public authorities and citizens. The concept of universality of law develops a polemic about the synthesis of positivist and libertarian-legal types of legal understanding with the predominant importance of the social vector of law as an intrinsic property of universality that contributes to the firm foundation of the rule of law and social state - human rights and freedoms and conditions of free development and dignified life. Normative legal acts pass through people's consciousness in one way or another and are legitimised depending on the correspondence, on the one hand, to the state's tasks of protecting national security and, on the other hand, to citizens' hopes for a decent life based on the universality of law as a guarantee of their communication and mutual self-restraint

Pluralism in Future Cities of Kazakhstan as a Projection of the Idea of Virtuous Society

Public places are significant urban elements that offer a positive impact to the quality life of the citizens. A good city is always receptive, inclusive and meaningful. They are the important ingredients of a successful, benevolent city that helps to build a sense of community, civic identity, culture, and community revitalization. At the same time, it is the very place, which acts as a catalyst in uniting the segregated diverse group of local community while it could also be a platform in engaging with the global community when it acts as a major gathering spot. Due to lack of research done in the area of planning cities in regards to becoming a vital tool in promoting pluralism; tensions and segregations within the communities are being overlooked easily as of only political, religious or social concern.  It can therefore damage the public goods such as liberty, equality or justice, which will result in decelerating the country’s development. There is an urgent need to revive the true essence of people-centered city planning especially in the area of designing cities. In the studies of (i) placemaking, (ii) designing public places emphasizing on inclusive urban management and social planning strategies, (iii) planning cities with more profound reflection on urban segregation, exclusion, social hierarchies, and inequalities; this paper address the need to introduce pluralism in planning future cities of Kazakhstan. Expected findings will become a vital tool in connecting people and generating peace and pluralism for future cities. Keywords: Future Cities, Virtuous City, Perfect Societies, Public Places, Kazakhstan and Pluralism

Semiotics of color in S. N. Durylin’s prose in light of E. Troubetzkoy’s and P. Florensky’s ideas

S. N. Durylin’s writing is filled with a wide range of vibrant colors: the text is abundant in colorful descriptions, metaphors, and unique words coined by the author to represent different shades and hues. These color references are consistently used and often serve as symbols for the ethereal and true essence of the world. The use of color symbolism is essential in portraying Holy Rus’, specifically the Russia before the revolution. S. N. Durylin’s ideas on the semiotics of color might have been influenced by the thoughts on color in Russian iconography shared by P. Florensky and E. Troubetzkoy, both of whom he had regular contact with. Durylin not only drew inspiration from his friendship with Troubetzkoy, but also from his own fascination with icons. In his prose, Durylin effectively incorporates the concepts of color put forth by E. Troubetzkoy and P. Florensky in their interpretation of Russian iconography.

Основні напрями і специфіка використання політичної символіки в сучасній Україні

The proposed article examines the main directions and specifics of the use of symbols in modern Ukraine. The essence and features of the use of state symbols are considered. The process of formation of national identity by symbolic means is characterized. The systematic development of military symbols as a factor in resisting external aggression is clarified. The process of affirming the symbols of the indomitability of the Ukrainian nation in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war is meaningful. The specificity of the formation of toponymy, adequate to the needs of ensuring state sovereignty and national development, has been revealed. On the basis of the study of the current symbolic reality in Ukraine, it was found that its study allows in modern conditions to reveal the ability to interpret and emotionally perceive political phenomena and processes, to deeply learn the true essence of a certain political order. Delineation of symbolic ways of implementing political activity, transformation of existing reality, construction of reality, formation of a new worldview allows a deeper understanding of the possibilities and difficulties of the process of national identification and resistance to external influences. Ideology, in the absence of pluralism, does not leave a person space for his own ideas and arguments, divides people into "own" and "strangers". Mass symbolization, carried out through symbolic control, allows to distort the consciousness of the masses. This is confirmed by the Russian population’s support for the criminal war against Ukraine. In accordance with this, Ukrainian symbolism, which reflects the peculiarities of the past and present history of the Ukrainian people, is capable of serving as a powerful weapon that brings Ukraine closer to victory in the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Hakikat dan Nestapa Manusia Modern Perspektif Jalaluddin Rumi

Some hypotheses about the nature of man that have been shaped by various experts have reflected man's understanding of himself. Nevertheless, this understanding of human nature has not yet reached its final (final) point. The understanding of human nature is still developing today, so that an understanding of human nature can improve or perfect human science throughout intellectual history. Using philosophical and sufistic approaches or Islamic mysticism, this article will illustrate the idea of human nature according to jalaluddin Rumi's unusual view. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the nature of human beings simply in the sufistic teachings of Jalaluddin Rumi. The decision to choose Jalaluddin Rumi's sufistic approach as the object of study to understand the nature of man was caused by the human condition that had brought himself to lose the eschatologically lost meaning and motivation behind his own life. This research includes qualitative research using a library research approach to several primary and secondary literature. The results of this study show that the true nature of man lies in the part of his spirit (soul). The crisis that occurs in modern man today is a spiritual drought that has lost its true essence as a man created by God. For this reason, this study concludes that man must strive to trace his own spiritual essence, in order to always be a human being who is appointed by Allah Swt.

Accelerated Legal Proceedings in The Light of The Differentiation of The Criminal Procedure Form

The article is devoted to theoretical issues of the essence and concept of accelerated legal proceedings as a type of modern Russian criminal process. The author uses examples of historical and comparative legal nature to reveal the true essence and main content of the institute of accelerated legal proceedings as a type of modern Russian criminal process. It argues for a complex historical evolution throughout the existence of the institution of accelerated legal proceedings, as well as constant attempts to adapt it to meet the current goals and objectives of criminal and criminal procedural politics. Ultimately it shows the futility of directions that use the ideas of accelerated legal proceedings for so-called hybridisation and modern eclecticism in the field of procedural form. An original definition of accelerated legal proceedings is formulated.

Features of the religious education of a child in the family based on the views of V. Zinkivsky

Modern conditions of life remove the child from religious upbringing in the family, since all Orthodox upbringing is completely contained in the general rule of Christian life: the Spirit of peace will prevail, and thousands around you will be saved. On the contrary, the father’s desire to have a pedagogical manual in his hands and be guided by it in relation to his son or daughter is a sign of how artificial parental religiosity is, how impoverished is the personal attitude towards children and the spirit of love, which is the true essence of the patriarchal tradition, the center of all Orthodox spirituality. The purpose of the research is to determine the peculiarities of the religious upbringing of children and youth in the pedagogical heritage of V. Zinkivskyi, based on the analysis and literature, as well as archival sources. Research methods: hermeneutic (for studying and commenting on pedagogical ideas of V. Zenkivskyi); phenomenological (for the objective disclosure of historical facts); biographical (for studying the creative work of a scientist); synergistic (to determine changes in the evolution of the teacher’s views); paradigmatic (to characterize the religious and pedagogical ideas of V. Zenkivskyi); comparative-historical (to reveal and compare pedagogical-historical ideas); bibliographic (for analysis and archival and library funds). The work presents arguments in favor of strengthening the religious component of family upbringing of children. Based on the views of V. Zenkivskyi, it was noted that it is necessary to establish and strengthen the spiritual connection of children with their parents. For this purpose, V. Zinkivskyi suggests constant communication with children, involving them in the world of family worries and difficulties, assigning responsible and urgent tasks, generally involving children in active work for the family. If they are not under compulsion, but go for it themselves, then with a properly created spiritual atmosphere, it is not difficult to achieve this. A family can give religious education to its children, but for this it must itself acquire the religious power that is communicated to it in the sacrament of marriage. Beyond this, only the socio-psychological reality of the family remains, and its religious-ontological basis is hidden in an inacces- sible depth, and therefore children grow without involvement in spirituality, which contains the necessary forces for their growth. According to V. Zinkivskyi, the problem of religious education in the family is the problem of returning the family itself to its religious basis. Religious upbringing of children is carried out mainly by personal example and a prayerful atmosphere of love in the home.

К. Маркс о собственной форме и содержании в правоотношениях

The article shows the importance of legal relations, based on the work of K. Marx “Debate on the order to steal a forest”, in which he clearly raised the question of the independence of legal relations, whether it be criminal law, or criminal procedure, or any other relationship... Any legal relationship has only its own form and content, inextricably dialectically interconnected. This is the true scientific nature of legal relations. Therefore, one legal relationship cannot be made the content of other relationships. For example, it is impossible to squeeze the Chinese procedural procedure into the French procedure without distorting its true essence, while Marx sharply criticizes the position of the Landtag deputies who tried to make the selfish private interest of forest owners the property of state criminal law and criminal procedural relations. According to Marx: “a form is devoid of any value if it is not a form of content”. Hence, the criminal process cannot be considered as a form of criminal law, since then the content of the criminal procedural legal relationship changes, since inevitably then the accused will be identified with the guilty (criminal), and the measures of procedural coercion will be identified with the measures of criminal punishment, and the presumption of innocence will be replaced on the presumption of guilt. In the same way, it is impossible to make operational-search relations the content of criminal-procedural relations and thereby erase the differences between criminal-procedural evidence and operational-search data. At the same time, the very institution of interaction between the investigator and the body of inquiry, carrying out operational-search activities, is important.

Perkembangan Konservatisme di Türkiye: Pengajaran Buat Kelestarian Islam di Malaysia

Conservatism is a political philosophy that tends to preserve traditions and reject drastic change. Türkiye has a long experience of political conservatism due to the Kemalists’ radical secularization. The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi-AK PARTİ) is an entity that recently champions political conservatism in Türkiye. Despite having many differences, Türkiye and Malaysia share similarities as progressive, modern, and democratic Muslim countries. This paper aims to discuss AK PARTİ’s political conservatism and analyze to what extent it can be made as an example for the sustainability of Islam in Malaysia. To fulfill this objective, primary and secondary sources related to AK PARTİ’s conservatism discourse have been referred to be used as the basis of analysis of lessons that can be taken for the sustainability of Islam in Malaysia. The comparative analysis method has also been used to compare the context of Türkiye and Malaysia to understand the limitations of lessons that Malaysia can learn based on the experience of conservatism in Türkiye. As a party with a conservative democratic ideology, AK PARTİ manages to uphold political conservatism within the context of modern democracy. This success results from a synthesis between the demands of conservatism and democracy. The political conservatism in Türkiye can be made as an example for Malaysia, especially in preserving Islam as the federal religion, the existence of the king institution, the Malay-Muslim identity, and the true essence of Islam as a societal-unifying force. This paper argues that in the Malaysia context, conservatism is an important political philosophy to be upheld in order to preserve the harmony and stability of the plural society.

Classification of Layout vs. Relational Tables on the Web: Machine Learning with Rendered Pages

Table mining on the web is an open problem, and none of the previously proposed techniques provides a complete solution. Most research focuses on the structure of the HTML document, but because of the nature and structure of the web, it is still a challenging problem to detect relational tables. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) also cover a wide range of recommendations for making tables accessible, but our previous work shows that these recommendations are also not followed; therefore, tables are still inaccessible to disabled people and automated processing. We propose a new approach to table mining by not looking at the HTML structure, but rather, the rendered pages by the browser. The first task in table mining on the web is to classify relational vs. layout tables, and here, we propose two alternative approaches for that task. We first introduce our dataset, which includes 725 web pages with 9,957 extracted tables. Our first approach extracts features from a page after being rendered by the browser, then applies several machine learning algorithms in classifying the layout vs. relational tables. The best result is with Random Forest with the accuracy of 97.2% (F1-score: 0.955) with 10-fold cross-validation. Our second approach classifies tables using images taken from the same sources using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which gives an accuracy of 95% (F1-score: 0.95). Our work here shows that the web’s true essence comes after it goes through a browser and using the rendered pages and tables, the classification is more accurate compared to literature and paves the way in making the tables more accessible.

FEMINIST MESSAGES IN GURU DUTT’S PYAASA (1957): A DISTINCTIVE CASE STUDY

Guru Dutt’s masterpiece Pyaasa (1957) is not just a movie. It is in fact much more than that. It is an experiment with humanity. It is also a journey along the brighter and darker alleys of the normal human mind. While dissecting everything that cripples the Indian society then and even now, it’s partly haunting and partly reassuring narrative makes us ask some fundamental questions vis-à-vis our social existence. One of the resultant questions that crops up in the process tries to uncover the true essence of womanhood. From the narcissistic and decidedly selfish character of Meena, played by the inimitable Mala Sinha, to the selfless and deeply loving character of Gulabo, enacted flawlessly by the mesmerizing Waheeda Rehman, the movie refuses to take sides and declare loyalties. While one might argue that the protagonist Vijay, played by Guru Dutt himself, sides towards Gulabo at the end of the movie, the inclination is far from being decisive. If one takes a clear look at the diegesis of the movie, she/ he would be able to appreciate that the decision is influenced more by convenience than by ideology. While ideology does play a part in what the movie theorizes, it is more of a reflection on the true nature of the society that we live in. This research paper makes an honest attempt at deciphering the obvious and subtle feminist messages that are ingrained in the movie. While doing so, the researcher looks not just at the narrative of the movie but at the filmmaking style as well for style often determines the ideological stance of any audiovisual material. While studying the given subject, the researcher uses the Auteur Theory, the Apparatus Theory, and the Feminist Film Theory.

KH Hasyim Asy’ari On Seeking Knowledge And Teacher's Virtue

An educational assessment is not only about report card scores or a good compulsive achievement index, more than that, education is also an effort to make a whole person. Many people today only look at the material and therefore neglect the true essence of education. This paper is here for a reference to the education system that has been pioneered by KH Hasyim Asy’ari who makes people educated is not only academic but also from the awareness of the heart. The research method carried out uses a qualitative approach to literature studies. The author collects data sources from various relevant references to conservative religious thought promoted by KH Hasyim Asy’ari. Data analysis techniques are carried out using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study describe the educational thinking of KH Hasyim Asy’ari, Tebuireng Islamic boarding school, educational thought or philosophy of Islamic education of KH Hasyim Asy'ari include virtue science and science experts and virtue teaches and studies science, ethics for knowledge seekers, student ethics towards teachers, and teacher ethics towards students.

Designing of Questionnaire for Factors that Impact Student Learning Outcomes in Tertiary Education System: An Analysis from Pakistan

The current research focused on the designing of questionnaire for factors that impact student learning outcomes in tertiary educational system in underdeveloped nation Pakistan. A pilot study was conducted for the designing of questionnaire to collect data on perceived factors that impact student learning outcomes. The selected Higher Education Commission (HEC) recognized private educational institutions were contacted and permission of data collection was obtained from the authorities. Ninety eight students of final semester from HEC recognized tertiary universities at Bachelors level from the department of Science were approached for this study. Participants were informed that the data will be kept in a laptop under password protection. There were 41 total items in the questionnaire. It has been divided into 2 sections. Section A includes the demographic characteristics of participants and includes 7 questions. Section B is divided into 6 subsections, each section capturing the true essence of independent and dependent variables. The results of the study concluded that student perception questionnaire has good to excellent intra rater reliability and indicates that all components have factor loading exceeding 0.50 that also shows the importance of all components. Thus, the questionnaire can be used for the assessment of factors that impact student learning outcomes from educational institutes.

Laughter through the invisible world of tears (Ostap Vyshnia in the «Diaries» and in life)

In the offered attention of the readers, the intelligence outlines several little-known worldview constants, which defined in the poetry of one of the greatest humorists and satirists of the 20th century – Ostap Vyshnia, not only a special way of understanding the tragic realities of the past century by a Ukrainian, but also the very way of the presence and in destructibility of Ukrainianness in the totalitarian intervening time. In the poetic and axiological dimension, Ostap Vyshnia is a direct heir of the laughing tradition, which originates from the domestic baroque polemicists – Ivan Vyshenskyi and his opponent – Adam-Ipatiy Potiy, to the philosophical and satirical fables of Hryhoriy Skovoroda. And then – to the humorous and satirical prose of Mykola Hohol and the satirical poems of Taras Shevchenko. The article examines the specifics of the hither to insufficiently researched receptions of the phenomenon of Ostap Vyshnia’s work presented by his contemporaries. For example – Mykola Khvylovyi, Yuriy Smolych. Likewise, his diaries, which he kept in the Russian Soviet concentration camp «Chibyu», the key concepts of which are analyzed in this article, are a unique source of updating the figure of Ostap Vyshnya. Among these leading constants of the writer’s individual philosophy should be attributed his inherent Christian humanism – it is no coincidence that in the 1920’s, Ostap Vyshnia was considered by Ukrainian peasants to be a kind of institution, to which numerous readers of his stories, feuilletons, smiles, and poems turned for help when they were offended and humiliated by the authorities. associated with such Christian worldview humanism is the desire and ability to help in times of need, to provide effective practical help even when the writer himself needed support and help. The figure of Ostap Vyshnia, under this review, receives a dimension that is not trivialized by other people’s stereotypes and narratives.
 It opens in its still unexplored in the 21th century power of a passionate personality, which was a prominent Ukrainian satirist and humorist. As a unique document, Ostap Vyshnia’s diaries under the name «Chibyu» are not only evidence of the key priorities of his immanent worldview, of ten not declared due to the nature and specificity of his work, but also one of the most objective testimonies about the true essence and character of the Soviet totalitarian days. It is not by chance that the word-symbol «Chibyu» was immortalized much later as a sign of totalitarian repression and abuse of Ukrainians in concentration camps by the great poet Vasyl Stus in the poem «Moscow – Chibyu». Despite all the obvious differences, it is precisely in this sense that the diaries of Ostap Vyshnia «Chibyu» are next to other important documents of the era – the «Diaries» of academician Serhiy Yefremov and the «Diary» of the great film director and writer Oleksandr Dovzhenko.

Poetic Skovorodiniana of Dnipro region

Research of Hryhorіy Skovoroda phenomenon is significant, but his creative heritage has not been sufficiently studied especially the artistic interpretation of his figure. The poetic image of the Ukrainian philosopher in the lyrics of Dnipro region writers was not the object of scientific study. In the poetry of Dnipro residents Skovoroda is a key figure of our culture, it is a measure of the truth of life values, the personification of the spirit strength, a source of inner harmony and spiritual insight: «gray – haired lubomudr» (S. Burlakov); «judge of earthly vanities», «harsh philosopher», «affectionate judge», «thoughtful» (V. Korzh); «Immortelle-ozonets» (H. Prokopenko).
 Assimilating the philosophical and aesthetic experience of Hryhorіy Skovoroda, artistic and ideological aspects of his heritage, the poets of Sicheslav region poetically interpreted the leading philosophical theory of the sage – cognition: by embracing himself and the world around him, a person asserts himself, develops his natural inclinations, chooses his own path and fulfills his earthly purpose; they focused on his teaching about work as a necessity of being to which God called rewarding him with talent and giving him the ability to know himself (S. Burlakov «Slobozhanshchina, I love your gardens», O. Zaivyi «Skovoroda», V. Zemliany «Skovoroda», V. Korzh «From the life of Hryhorіy Skovoroda. Rest», A. Kravchenko-Rusіv «Hryhorіy Skovoroda», N. Nikulina «Over the books of Skovoroda», H. Prokopenko «Testament of Skovoroda», H. Svitlychna «Skovoroda», I. Sokulsky «Skovoroda», K. Chernyshоv «It happens that the spirit of Skovoroda»).
 In the poetry of Dnipro region artists symbolic images of Skovoroda are revealed: roads as a fact of the sage’s biography and inner world; garden as a kind of model harmony with nature, God, the world, and with himself, which corresponds to the biblical Garden of Eden and is associated with the immortality of the philosopher and his way of life; hearts and souls as a constant struggle between good and evil, helping to overcome all misconceptions and learn the true essence of a person. The works of poets were written mainly in the 70s and 80s of the twentieth century, but the lyrics interpreted this outstanding personality as a carrier of freedom, a carrier of «free spirit» (K. Chernyshоv), «son of freedom» (H. Prokopenko), and a «freedom-loving person» (A. Zaivyi).

Political Economy of Illiberal Capitalism in Hungary and Poland

Has the recent illiberal surge altered the neoliberal orthodoxy prevailing in post-1989 Hungary and Poland towards a more developmental modus operandi, or has it just camouflaged embedded neoliberalism with a developmental narrative? This article, trying to contribute to answering the aforementioned question, is structured as follows. First, we provide a general overview of the comparative capitalism approach. We extend the original conceptualizations by the framework of varieties of illiberal capitalism and present two ideal types of illiberal capitalism. Then, we assess five institutional areas of the political economy of contemporary Hungary and Poland. We conclude that although Hungary remains faithful to the neoliberal economic orthodoxy so far with illiberal political forces merely camouflaging its true essence due to political and utilitarian reasons, the post-2015 government in Poland managed to move its economic model closer to a more developmental modus operandi.

Mexican Food: (an essay presented to the Tucson Literary Club, March 16, 2015)

Mexican Food(an essay presented to the Tucson Literary Club, March 16, 2015) Joseph C. Wilder (bio) If you have lived long enough around here—that is, Tucson, Arizona, and various points nearby—you will have experienced the singular and enduringly devastating loss occasioned by the death of a favorite Mexican restaurant. I grew up in the fifties in Tucson, and I have a keen appreciation for a very particular food of my childhood and youth, a kind of Mexican food that has been fairly eclipsed and, who knows, might not stand up to the present-day competition. But for me, it remains a standard against which I judge the plate before me. Sometimes a restaurant can open and close and a half century can go by before its tales are revealed. There is always a significance, sometimes lasting, to these human endeavors, however obscure. We remember and our lives are so formed by these memories and the understandings of self and world they indicate. They constitute for us our history in place, writ small, but with importance and value and rich in human meaning. Out of this well of memory we construe our biographies and assemble a history of place. Possibly my earliest memory in this lineage is being happily sandwiched in somewhere between mother and father or mother and siblings, the youngest, my eyes virtually level with the tabletop, eating at El Charro on Broadway, across the street from Ronquillo's Bakery and the gazebo in the Plaza de la Mesilla, Kippy's, the bus station, and Pat's. I always ordered a beef tamale—yes, I know, "tamal" chronically mispronounced, but nonetheless… There must have been years and years of tamales, before I graduated to the harder stuff: that being, of course and invariably, no matter the venue, the classic Number 2 Combination: cheese enchilada, taco, tamale, and rice and beans. The food was different elsewhere. In New Mexico it struck my young palate as weird, enchiladas swimming in heavy, crude red chile sauce—stacked, [End Page 572] not rolled—no bean tostadas, plates of chile, red and green, and too, too hot and lacking a certain refinement. In California the food was bizarre: tasteless, smothered in cheddar cheese, pretty to look at, impossible to eat, digging through piles of shredded lettuce, surmounted by heaps of yellow cheese. But at home, in the heartland of Arizona, it was done just right, according to an unsophisticated boy, who would dream of his next plate. Years and years later, starving in Europe during my so-called teenage gap year when I searched out a penniless existence to better taste the true essence of life, my mother merrily wrote to me (the only and slow way of communication, you may recall) "I bet you wish you had a bean burro right now." I did. Oh, I did. In high school in the late sixties, the treat for me (maybe I had aced a test or maybe it was judged I had gone too long without) was to be taken to Tia Elena's on Grant—first the original, later the replacement down the block—with its incredible architectural sculptures like something out of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. In the original you would sit in a hall-like narrow room with the fantastic sculptures snaking up the walls and looming over you, like a well-lit cavern. The Number 2 Combo, if I recall correctly—and I do—was $1.65. The loss of Tia Elena's many years later remains particularly painful—couldn't they find someone in the family to carry on?mm,, The other beacons of my life were reserved for road trips. To paraphrase the great American folk poet Donald Rumsfeld, there are known knowns and unknown unknowns and Sofia's in Casa Grande, a definite known known, was called on whenever we traveled somewhere plausibly near, to Phoenix for example. I have distinct memories stretching into middle and late youth of stopping at Sofia's a block off the main drag through town—you could see their sign, like a big fountain, above the rooftop line—and parking next to this big warehouse of an...

FORMING OF READINESS OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO DIALOGUE COMMUNICATION IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

The pedagogical conditions of formation of readiness of future teachers of foreign languages to dialogue communication in professional activity are determined and described in the article. The communication is an important of socio-psychological aspect of any activity, because as in process and only through communication, it is the true essence is revealed personality is proved in it. It was found that the readiness for dialogue communication is integrative quality of the personality of the professional (future teacher of foreign language), which consists in the active formation of the necessary theoretical knowledge, practical skills and abilities and provides the effectiveness of the formation of dialogue communication. In the structure of readiness of the future teachers of foreign languages highlighted of motivational (positive attitude and interest to the professional communication), cognitive (theoretical knowledge about the essence and features of dialogue communication), communicative (possession of a specialist of communicative competence, which provides communicative, linguistic, professional skills) components that served as a basis for defining of criteria, indicators, levels formation of readiness of future teachers of foreign languages. On the basis of theoretical analysis of the researched problem, the system of pedagogical conditions of professional formation of future teachers of foreign languages in the establishments of higher education is determined: integration of modern educational technologies in the educational process of future teachers of foreign languages (interactive, information, project, problematic) teaching methods, appreciating of students’ academic achievements and readiness of teachers to implement of competent and student-centered approaches; comprehensive motivation of future teachers of foreign languages educational activity in the process of studying as a special and choice disciplines; taking into account by future teachers of foreign languages the level of development of the psychological components of professional competence and formation of professional important qualities in the future teachers of foreign languages already at the stage of study in the establishments higher education (personality-oriented educational activity of the future specialist. The combinations of different activities of future teachers of foreign languages are the integration such kinds of activities as educational-speech, communicative, its complement each other, mutually reinforce, interpenetrate each other and thus create conditions for the formation of readiness for dialogic communication. The educational process needs constant generation and implementation of new ideas of forms into practice, forms, and means of teaching in higher education establishments that provide of effective of forming readiness of future teachers languages to dialogue communication.

Contribution of Rabindranath as a follower of Sanskrit education

The aim of education, as Rabindranath Tagore sees it, is to give a sense of one's identity as a total man and to bring education in harmony with life. He believed that self-realization was the goal of education. A total man is the one who thinks of himself first and foremost as human being. Rabindranath was conscious of the educational environment of Asrama, learning from the dramas of Kalidasa and verses of Upanishadas, Vedas, Gita and its impact on the overall mental and spiritual development of students though restricted to privileged sections of society only. Rabindranath was highly influenced by the basic principles and structure of thought rooted to Upanishadas and Gita specifically as true essence bearer of three fundamental principles. The first principle states the importance of wisdom in controlling senses by overcoming egoistic ignorance to achieve self-purification of inner soul. The second principle is to achieve a sense of identity with the universe. The third principle is to see God in one’s own self. The personal experience of universal consciousness and of God is made possible by the combination of three processes namely Salutation and Submission, Integration and Service and Execution. According to Rabindranath, Education is a process for growth of mind and soul, establishing a community of spirit with man and nature. This educational process must aspire for the entry into the vast universal life and seek their fulfilment and rewards in its experiences. The Education is a process of self-purification for the pupil through the application of three principles namely freedom, inclusiveness and universalization. Rabindranath, born into family of a rich and intellectuals, though not having any formal education, but had undergone through Vedic literature like Upanishada, Puranas, Great epics etc., classic Sanskrit literature under the watchful eyes of Debendranath Tagore. His deep appreciation of Sanskrit literary works is reflected in his work of criticism, entitled “Prachin Sahitya”. His building of educational institutions like Santiniketan and Viswabhararti reflects this ideology only. According to Rabindranath, the Gayatri mantra appears to signify the identity of the person in sync with nature and universe. The Upanishadas also have left a binding impression over the poet reflected in some of his works. The great epics Ramayana and the Mahabharata, Puranic literature, Dharmashastra all have seemed to enter his soul. The poet is indebted to classical Sanskrit literature specially Kalidasa in terms of concepts of dualism.

Narrative Structure and Ideology. Eisenstein in Saving Private Ryan

This paper highlights the relevance of the structural design of Saving Private Ryan (Steven Spielberg, 1998) in conveying its message, in line with S. M. Eisenstein's theoretical principles. An analysis of its scenes has been carried out, identifying their emulation of, or "collisions" with, preceding "schemas". The film presents events characteristic of the classical model of the World War II combat subgenre, but its articulation is unforeseen and evidences authorial action as in the critical model of Vietnam, specifically as in Apocalypse Now (Francis Ford Coppola, 1979). This contrast integrates citizens of different ideological persuasions. It also borrows the structural model and deceptive ending to a initial enigma from Citizen Kane (Orson Welles, 1941) so as to allude to the same theme: the true essence of man, in this case of the veteran, represented by the elderly Ryan.