Essential Qualifications Research Articles

Need Assessment of Capacity Building Trainings for the Teaching Staff of Non-Formal Schools in Afghanistan A Case Study

Non-Formal Schools (NFSs) for its flexibility and cost-effectiveness is an essential aspect of the education system of developing countries. The success of these schools in delivering quality education relies significantly on the competence of their teaching staff. This study explores the essential qualifications and the required capacity-building training for the teaching staff in non-formal schools in Kunar province of Afghanistan. Employing a case study qualitative research design, 31 participants from the education sector, including directors of education, headmasters and teachers, were purposively selected. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that teachers in non-formal schools should ideally possess a master's or bachelor's degree. Additionally, the study identifies crucial capacity-building training areas, including teaching methods, curriculum development, lesson planning, and classroom management. This research contributes valuable insights for enhancing the educational landscape of NFSs in Kunar province and beyond.

Essential Qualifications: Accounting Faculty Selection Trends

Colleges and universities are challenged with attracting faculty with the essential qualifications to deliver accounting degree programs that meet the accounting profession’s needs. Budget constraints and accreditation standards further influence colleges and universities hiring trends, particularly in the specialized areas of tax and audit. Before the pandemic, business schools began adjusting their hiring practices to address these challenges. Furthermore, institutions were redesigning degree programs to be consistent with the implemented changes in professional certification exams. The disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on enrollment and operational budgets have exacerbated these challenges. Consequently, institutions may need to alter their recruitment strategies to contend with faculty shortages and provide a curriculum to meet the profession’s needs. This study explored what qualifications decision-makers deemed essential for recently hired accounting faculty. Further, we investigated to what extent particular academic institutional characteristics influenced the selection of an accounting faculty candidate. Finally, this study also reports on the trend in the essential qualifications preferred for new accounting faculty hires.

Evaluate the Vocational School Graduate's Work-readiness in Indonesia from the Perspectives of Soft skills, Roles of Teacher, and Roles of Employer

Over the past few decades, there has been a widening disparity in the abilities required for various skills, and employees are expected to possess the necessary requirements in this age of technology and industrial advancement. Education institutions around the globe face a formidable task in meeting this demand for skilled workers. Therefore, this research discusses the perspective of vocational education students on job readiness. A quantitative survey of nine soft skill indicators of vocational education students was conducted. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on an online survey of 530 students from 29 vocational schools across Indonesia. The data focuses on the soft skills currently attracting industry interest. Furthermore, soft skills are closely related to student work readiness, while vocational education learning only focuses on developing hard skills. Based on the needs of the industry, soft skills are progressively becoming essential qualifications. Therefore, vocational education needs to include soft skills in learning objectives, and the research reported five strong and three weak indicators. Soft skills can be increased through integrated and effective learning. This study's findings are that six indicators of soft skills have been developed enormously, and three other hands are weak. The presence of employers in the learning process is beneficial in developing soft skills for work readiness.

Academic Literacy Skills of Instructors Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language

Academic literacy covers reading, understanding, and evaluating academic studies that form the basis of science. It is one of the essential qualifications of the 21st century. In the education and training process, teachers are expected to have this skill in particular because teachers with academic qualifications integrate academic literacy skills with their professions according to the necessities of the time to improve themselves and present this to the learners during the teaching process. In this context, this study aims to determine Turkish instructors’ academic competence levels and examine them according to different variables. In the research using the survey model, «The Academic Literacy Scale» prepared by Demir and Deniz (2020) was used as a data collection tool. This scale, which consists of three factors: academic disposition, research process, and information use, consists of 28 items in total. The study determined that academic literacy skills were at a “high” level when the average score of the Turkish instructors from the overall scale was taken into account. When the academic literacy skills of Turkish instructors were examined in terms of various variables, no significant difference was found with the gender variable in the scale. Another divergence was found between the educational status variable and all the sub-dimensions of the scale, like research process, information use, and academic tendency. In addition, the graduated department variable differs with the research process and information use dimensions of the scale. There is also a significant difference between the variable of receiving education to increase academic literacy skills and the research process sub-dimension of the scale. Last but not least, a considerable distinction was discovered between all scale sub-dimensions and the overall scale in relation to the status of having knowledge of scientific research methodologies and having published academic work.

Growth design for high quality AlxGa(1−x)N layer with high AlN-fraction on Si (1 1 1) substrate by MOCVD

The constraints on increasing the AlN content in active AlGaN device layers on Si substrates for AlGaN-channel HEMTs and UV applications are explored. The essential qualifications an AlGaN semiconductor material must satisfy to be used as functional device are crack free films, a surface roughness of <1 nm, dislocation densities approaching that of GaN (∼109 cm2) and a reasonable thickness of around 1 μm; each one of the material specifications demand a growth condition that is mostly unfavourable to achieve the other one. To meet these diversified requirements thorough optimisation of growth conditions is carried out. As a result, compositions containing up to 30% AlN-fraction have been achieved. This has been accomplished by understanding the role of growth temperature and buffer design on stress, defect and surface evolution in the AlGaN epilayers. Our studies show that higher AlN-fraction containing epilayers are achievable if stress relaxation during its growth is minimised while simultaneously keeping the growth front smooth under the given growth condition. Such a growth condition can be successfully exploited if the dislocation density at the beginning of epilayer growth is lowered. A smooth heterointerface between Al0.13Ga0.87N and Al0.37Ga0.63N has been realized and formation of 2DEG at this this interface has been confirmed through C-V measurements.

TECHNOLOGY OF ORGANIZING NATIVE LANGUAGE LESSONS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

In the article, various methodic recommendations are provided, which correspond to various stages of education. They give attention not only to linguistic form of expression, but to informal form. Interactive forms of teaching are proposed for speaking. Education is very important for our lives. The importance of native language knowledge, day by day is reaching the great top because of the unity development between different nations and countries that leads to fruitful relationships. The formation of linguistic and communicative competences is of equal importance when teaching a native language. With the growing requirements to the quality of specialists training, these competences have become essential qualifications. Use of innovational technologies in studying native languages gives pupils an opportunity of diverse means foundation of relation in native language.

TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEAD TEACHERS’ SUPERVISORY ROLE ON TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ADAPTIVE SKILLS BY LEARNERS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Abstract:&#x0D; The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ perception on the effectiveness of head teachers’ supervisory role on teaching and learning of adaptive skills by learners with Intellectual Disabilities (ID), Kenya. The study used Effective School Theory advanced by Lezotte. A descriptive survey design involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches was used. The target population was 227 respondents (207 learners, 5 head teachers and 15 teachers). The sample size was 124 respondents (104 learners, 15 teachers and 5 Head teachers). Purposive sampling was used to select special schools and units. Stratified sampling technique was used to divide population into strata and then through simple random sampling, the exact respondents were identified, i.e., head teachers, teachers and learners in special programmes. Data was collected by use of interview guide for head teachers, observational check list for learners and questionnaire for teachers. Piloting was conducted in Kathelwa Special Unit in Igembe Central Sub-county. Test-retest method was done and a coefficient level of 0.7 was obtained. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS Version 23.0 while qualitative data was analysed thematically. Data was presented using tables and figures for quantitative data while qualitative data was presented using reported verbatims and narratives. The key finding of this study was that majority of head teachers did not use appropriate instructional supervision skills due to lack of essential professional qualifications and knowledge of adaptive skills for learners with intellectual disabilities. The finding also established that teachers perceived majority of head teachers as ineffective in instructional supervision as they did not orientate or guide them in teaching strategies or even skills to teach their learners. The study also found that lack of adequate training and knowledge in adaptive skills, limited provision of teaching and learning resources hindered effective instructional supervision. The study recommended that there should be a policy that head teachers for special institutions be trained in the area of that disability so as to benefit both teachers and learners. The study also recommended that the government, through the ministry of education to provide and allocate adequate funds for both refresher courses and seminars for teachers and also for acquiring teaching and learning resources.&#x0D; &#x0D; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0876/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Investigating the Demand for Blockchain Talents in the Recruitment Market: Evidence from Topic Modeling Analysis on Job Postings

The demand for blockchain talents has surged in recent years, and there is a pressing need to understand what core skills and essential qualifications the blockchain talents demand and how employers value them in recruitment. This paper aims to reveal the crucial facts and patterns regarding the status quo of the recruitment market for blockchain-related jobs in China and clarify the heterogeneous nature of professionals demanded by blockchain-related jobs. We propose a data-driven approach by combining descriptive statistics, topic modeling, and regression analysis based on large-scale job posting data collected from a nationwide Chinese recruitment website. By this approach, we provide an overall picture of the landscape of the recruitment market for blockchain-related jobs and identify 11 skill sets that are most in-demand for blockchain-related jobs. On this basis, the skill sets of Blockchain Development and Cryptocurrency have emerged to be the most valued ones that affect salary levels: the talents mastering these two skill sets can obtain 21.4%, 10.4% higher average salaries, respectively, than those without these skills. The analyses also provide evidence that employers could attach importance to job candidates with T-shaped characteristics. Drawing on the findings, we also provide implications for blockchain practitioners.

Perception towards online/blended learning at the time of Covid-19 pandemic: an academic analytics in the Indian context

PurposeDuring any crisis situation like a pandemic, war or natural disaster, online/blended learning could meet the academic needs of the learners in a bigger way. The use of information and communication technology (ICT)-based technologies has converted the entire teaching pedagogy to a learner centred pedagogy, following which the skills of using technology are to be seen as the most essential qualifications on the part of both the teachers/educators and learners. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand the perceptions of the teachers and learners regarding the use of online/blended learning modes in teaching learning transactions. Another purpose of the paper being to find out the prospects and challenges of providing online/blended learning in a country like India, particularly during and in post-Covid-19 situations.Design/methodology/approachThe academic analytics approach was used for the study. A structured questionnaire was designed in Google Forms covering the perceptions of the teachers and learners in different Indian universities and colleges regarding online/blended services and analysis was done using Google Analytics. Further, analysis of the data received had been done by using simple statistical tool like percentage.FindingsBlended learning could be the solution for providing education in the context of the 21st century India. However, unlike in case of the conventional education, open education has widened the scope of learning adhering to the motto – “Bring your own device” to learn. The extensive use of open educational resources, massive open online courses, social media and meeting apps during the Covid-19 lockdown, has opened up the minds of the knowledge-hungry people, further enabling them to receive the necessary educational inputs, training and skills even during the current pandemic situation. This is going to have a big impact in the ways of educational transactions in the days to come.Research limitations/implicationsThe discussions in the paper are limited to a study of representative states of India, and it is a general study only. The sample size was limited to only 120 as the response rate was significantly low compared to the number of addressees to whom the questionnaire was sent.Practical implicationsThis study will help in understanding the present state of online/blended learning in a country like India. The use of online learning was no doubt intensified by the sudden outbreak of the Covid-19 Pandemic. However, the study will also help in preparing a roadmap, at the policy level, regarding the beneficial use of online/blended teaching learning models both by the teachers and learners during any future crisis-like situations in a country like India.Social implicationsThrough this paper, a new social constructivism has been visualised to know the acceptability of online/blended learning opportunities on the part of the teachers and learners across India. If that social constructivism can actually be realised through the benefits of online learning, India might emerge as one of the important leaders of education in the coming days. To that extent, the Covid-19 pandemic can be seen as a blessing in disguise.Originality/valueIt is important to examine the perceptions of both teachers and learners on the use of online learning in their regular curriculum transactions most particularly when the whole world is facing the brunt of the Covid-19 pandemic, which has adversely affected millions of learners across the world. The paper is original because it explores the current state of online/blended learning in a developing country like India to provide a practical and realistic vision of a new way of learning in the post-Covid-19 situations.

EAP in the expanding circle: Exploring the knowledge base, practices, and challenges of Iranian EAP practitioners

Responding to the limited research on English for Academic Purposes (EAP) teachers, and especially in the context of ‘expanding circle’ countries, this study aimed to explore Iranian EAP teachers’ teaching competencies and professional development (PD) activities as well as their perceptions about the roles, responsibilities, and challenges in teaching EAP. Data were collected from 105 university EAP teachers through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaire findings in relation to teacher competencies identified self-reported strengths in the areas of reading and speaking skills development and aspects of pedagogy. Potential areas for further development were related to listening skills, certain areas of writing, providing feedback, and performing needs analyses. Content analysis of the interviews indicated nine major categories of roles and responsibilities involved in the delivery of EAP courses (teaching, PD, collaboration, testing, motivation, materials, needs analysis, research, and text analysis) and seven major challenges (students, materials, EAP teachers, administrative issues, curriculum and syllabus, testing, and content knowledge). Additionally, the teachers provided information about their pathway to EAP teaching and their viewpoints about the role of content knowledge, essential qualifications for EAP teaching, and content of EAP teacher education programs. Finally, implications for practice and suggestions for further research are presented.

Evolving roles of clerkship directors: have expectations changed?

ABSTRACT Background: Physician educators directing medical student programs face increasingly more complex challenges to ensure students receive appropriate preparation to care for patients. The Alliance for Clinical Education (ACE) defined expectations of and for clerkship directors in 2003. Since then, much has changed in medical education and health care. Methods: ACE conducted a panel discussion at the 2016 Association of American Medical Colleges Learn Serve Lead conference, soliciting input on these expectations and the changing roles of clerkship directors. Using workshops as a cross-sectional study design, participants reacted to roles and responsibilities of clerkship directors identified in the literature using an audience response system and completing worksheets. Results: The participants represented different disciplines of medicine and ranged from clerkship directors to deans of curriculum. Essential clerkship director qualifications identified by participants included: enthusiasm, experience teaching, and clinical expertise. Essential tasks included grading and assessment and attention to accreditation standards. Participants felt clerkship directors need adequate resources, including budget oversight, full-time clerkship support, and dedicated time to be the clerkship director. To whom clerkship directors report was mixed. Clerkship directors look to their chair for career advice, and they also report to the dean to ensure educational standards are being met. Expectations to meet accreditation standards and provide exemplary educational experiences can be difficult to achieve if clerkship directors’ time and resources are limited. Conclusions: Participant responses indicated the need for a strong partnership between department chairs and the dean’s office so that clerkship directors can fulfill their responsibilities. Our results indicate a need to ensure clerkship directors have the time and resources necessary to manage clinical medical student education in an increasingly complex health care environment. Further studies need to be conducted to obtain more precise data on the true amount of time they are given to do that role.

Assessing the Managerial Skills and Decision-Making Ability of the Local Chief Executives: The Case of the Third District of Nueva Ecija

The research is about the assessment of the Managerial Skills and Deci-sion-Making Ability of the Local Chief Executives of the Third District of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The study argued that Managerial Skills and “De-cision-making Ability” must go together to effect change in the local gov-ernance and as an important domain of leadership. The leadership of the Local Chief Executives of the Third District of Nueva Ecija could be measured in terms of managerial skills and decision-making ability. This must go together to effect change in local governance. The study used the Descriptive Survey Method. This method involves the collection of data in order to test hypotheses or answer questions. With devolved powers from the national government, the local government officers specifically local chief executives such as mayor and barangay chairmen, together with the public administrators of their respective units, are expected to manage their work, people, and environment effectively, efficiently lead them towards the achievement of their goals and be able to relate these with local governance buzzwords like transparency, accountability, participation, equity, efficiency, effectiveness, and development. Data were collected by means of a survey questionnaire. The study confirmed that managerial skills and decision making ability are essential qualifications in good governance. The offshoot of the two domains is the essence of effective leadership which stems from the fact that leaders have the capacity to translate visions into actions. Central to this is their ability to make sound decisions and manage with efficiency the work of a civil servant.

Educating Data Management Professionals: A Content Analysis of Job Descriptions

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of required and desirable qualifications and knowledge described in the job advertisements of data management professionals and related positions. Seventy unique job advertisements were collected from five academic and professional online job lists from January 1, 2015 to April 30, 2015. WordStat, a content-analysis software program, was used to analyze the word/phrase frequency of the job descriptions based on three key factors: the requirement of an MIS/MLS/MLIS degree; prior work experience (the number of years), and the status of job position (limited or permanent appointment). The preliminary results indicate that most job positions require that the successful job candidate must be able to serve faculty and students to collect, manage, and analyze research data with essential qualifications to carry out those tasks. The top phrases regarding expertise, working environments, and qualifications are social sciences , information science , higher education , research library , institutional repositories , and metadata .

Unveiling the Mysteries of the “Black Hole” in Recruiting Systems: Connecting Recruiters and Job Seekers Like a Jigsaw Puzzle

This paper tries to unveil the mysteries of the “black hole” in recruiting systems. A literature review discovered elements contributing to the “black hole” in recruiting systems, for instance, compulsory form filling processes, delusional job specifications, resumes mysteriously disappearing into a vault, and the Missing in Action recruiter etc. A framework was formed to describe the rationale for the tedious form filling requirement, unrealistic essential qualifications, lack of human involvement, the unread resumes, the available positions not advertised, and the silent treatment. Challenges faced by recruiters and obstacles faced by job seekers were considered. Action plans to reveal, remove, and renew the “black hole” in recruiting systems were put in place. Standard guidelines for all organizations to follow regardless of industry which adhere to a few conditions were also presented.

An Critical Analysis about Inscription of World Cultural Heritage for the Modern Industrial Heritages in Kyushu and Yamaguchi, Japan

In order to be inscribed to World Cultural Heritage, the evitable conditions, outstanding universal value, integrity and authenticity should be fulfilled. Although 28 industrial heritages of Kyushu-Yamaguchi area became the fortress of the industrial exploitation of Japanese modernization through integration of a nation and a private capital, they were also spots that tens of thousands victims of forced laborers suffered from declivitous immigrant and compulsive labor. The logical clarification on the forced labors suppressed under the inscription of World Cultural Heritage should be requested officially on this crucial juncture. This research investigates the essential qualifications and conditions to be a World Cultural Heritage and analyze the incongruity of the Inscription issue on Kyushu-Yamaguchi industrial heritages and give a critical perspective to reconsider the value of laborers in Industrial Heritage.

The Accounting Education Gap in Brazil

Emerging countries face the challenge of training highly qualified people to support recent economic advances. To overcome this challenge, the qualification of university professors plays an important role. The aim of the present study is to examine the impact of the qualification of teachers on the performance of their students in Brazil, in a specific field of business education—accounting. Scholars focused on teaching methods point out two essential qualifications for an accounting faculty: academic qualification (Qac), which refers to the preparation to conduct research; and professional qualification (Qpr), characterized by the link with current professional practices. Based on the human capital theoretical framework, this study aims at investigating which variables of Qac and Qpr of accounting faculty in Brazil are related to student performance, as measured by the Brazilian nationwide postsecondary student evaluation system (ENADE). A questionnaire was administered to 218 institutions of higher education (IHE) with undergraduate accounting programs. Only 7% of the faculty members hold a Ph.D. degree; 14% have relevant publications; and just 5% have auditor credentials. Positive and significant correlation between academic qualification (Qac) and student performance was found. The results suggest that, to improve the quality of education in accounting in Brazil, more investment is necessary in the academic qualification of teachers.

Morphologic and Gene Expression Criteria for Identifying Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated from somatic cells by the forced expression of four factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. While a great variety of colonies grow during induction, only a few of them develop into iPS cells. Researchers currently use visual observation to identify iPS cells and select colonies resembling embryonic stem (ES) cells, and there are no established objective criteria. Therefore, we exhaustively analyzed the morphology and gene expression of all the colonies generated from human fibroblasts after transfection with four retroviral vectors encoding individual factors (192 and 203 colonies in two experiments) and with a single polycistronic retroviral vector encoding all four factors (199 and 192 colonies in two experiments). Here we demonstrate that the morphologic features of emerged colonies can be categorized based on six parameters, and all generated colonies that could be passaged were classified into seven subtypes in colonies transfected with four retroviral vectors and six subtypes with a single polycistronic retroviral vector, both including iPS cell colonies. The essential qualifications for iPS cells were: cells with a single nucleolus; nucleus to nucleolus (N/Nls) ratio ∼2.19: cell size ∼43.5 µm2: a nucleus to cytoplasm (N/C) ratio ∼0.87: cell density in a colony ∼5900 cells/mm2: and number of cell layer single. Most importantly, gene expression analysis revealed for the first time that endogenous Sox2 and Cdx2 were expressed specifically in iPS cells, whereas Oct3/4 and Nanog, popularly used markers for identifying iPS cells, are expressed in colonies other than iPS cells, suggesting that Sox2 and Cdx2 are reliable markers for identifying iPS cells. Our findings indicate that morphologic parameters and the expression of endogenous Sox2 and Cdx2 can be used to accurately identify iPS cells.

An interactive method for hr training: managers as simulation players

Training and development is one of the most important functions of human resources management. With the increasing importance of human resources value, training and developing employees with essential qualifications and skills have become vital for organizations. There are several HR training methods for various purposes and needs. In this paper, firstly the importance of training and development function of HRM will be discussed and then the traditional and technology based new training methods will be introduced. Finally, simulation method for new generation managers will be investigated in the perspective of the interactivity and visualization advantages.

Helping women break through the glass ceiling.

IN THE 1980s, a Department of Health (DH) nurse recruitment poster showed a picture of a schoolgirl in a nurse's uniform with the words: 'The best nurses have the essential qualifications before they go to school' ( Innes 1995 ). The image and the text together perpetuated a sexual stereotype, that the ideal nurse is a woman, and that the idea that nursing is an innate predisposition rather than a career requiring specific skills and education.

EUPHA president column: EUPHA-ASPHER collaboration will strengthen European public health * EUPHA office column: Lisbon 2008--a new record in submitted abstracts * Protecting Health from Climate Change: Next Steps in the WHO European Region

In the EUPHA News column in the previous issue of EJPH , Dineke Zeegers wrote about intensifying collaboration between EUPHA and ASPHER (the Association of Schools of Public Health of the European Region). As Dineke wrote ASPHER and EUPHA have been good friends. The contacts between the organizations have been tight at the personal level—the schools represented by ASPHER have educated a substantial part of public health experts who EUPHA is representing. Also ASPHER and EUPHA have worked together at projects, such as the latest one on the accreditation of public health training programmes in Europe. Now the two organizations have taken the collaboration one step further by organizing their 2008 and 2009 annual conferences together: this year in Lisbon and in 2009 in Cracow. Related to the collaboration of the organizations, I was invited to attend the ASPHER Conference on core competencies of public health education. The conference was organized in Aarhus, Denmark, on 10–11 April 2008. It was a part of a 3 year programme in which ASPHER is developing a list of intellectual and practical competencies (knowledge and skills), which are essential qualifications for public health experts in their work. In the end, such list is meant to support public health schools in developing their training programmes and to communicate to students as well as public health stakeholders what can be expected from the training programmes. The core competencies programme is a good example on important work ASPHER has carried out since its foundation in 1966. ASPHER was founded for a forum of communication between schools and university department of …