Essence Of Philosophy Research Articles

Scientific and Philosophical Heritage of Ahmad Ghazzali

This article is dedicated to the scientific and philosophical legacy of Ahmad Ghazzali, one of the medieval Eastern thinkers who left an indelible mark on the history of Sufism. The article also analyzes the philosophical essence of the thinker’s works and its influence on the formation of ideological, political, cultural and moral views on the science of Eastern and Western philosophy

Translating Form over Lexis: A Study through Select Odia Poetry in English Translation

Translation is a productive e xercise born out of linguistic activity. It not only shares the knowledge system of one literary narrative with the target language readers but also fulfils the pedagogical requirements. In fact, translation of the poetic form is caught in the perennial dilemma of transferring the sense, form, mode, and content. A kind of poetry that manifests its lyricism, formal beauty by relying on native imagery or a certain sentiment poses the biggest challenge before the translator in the sense that unless its very mood is captured in the target language, the essence would be lost. Utilitarian prose does not run this risk since the transfer of idea becomes its prime aim. So the translator of the poetic domain categorically develops a formal sche ma by retaining rhyme, metre or other such devices of the source language thereby guiding the readers to the original text. The present paper is an attempt to explore the nature of translation in terms of poetry, specially written for consumption by the common mass. The data for the same is drawn from Odia poetry in English translation. The main focus of the paper will be on: i. The importance of translating the form while balancing the originality of work and in recreating a piece that evokes the same response and sense. ii. Comparing portions of the poetic text in translation and ascertaining a valid space for this conceptual and philosophical essence.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ДЕМОКРАТИЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗАКЛАДОМ ОСВІТИ

A current problem in the world and Ukraine is the reconsideration of the methodological principles of democratic management of an educational institution. The article describes the results of the study of such principles by defining theoretical approaches and management practices at the level of educational institution, district, national and legislative. General scientific methods of research such as analysis, comparison, synthesis, induction, deduction are used in the article. The methodological foundations of democratic management of the educational institution, regardless of subordination, type and form of ownership, are analyzed. The philosophical essence and the depth of meaning of the concept «principles of democratic management of the educational institution» are determined. The purpose of the article is to highlight the philosophical studies of the management of the educational institution and to outline methodological approaches to defining key parameters of democratic management of the educational institution. The main problem is to find out the impact of the relationship and interaction between the state, society and the individual on the democratic nature of the educational system and to ensure the optimal coexistence of man and nature. The range of interpretations of the methodological bases of democratic management of the educational institution is identified. Emphasis is laid on the priority of its activities and stable development on a democratic basis. The regularities of the formation of methodological bases of democratic management of educational institutions are determined. Particular attention is paid to the importance of democratic management of educational institutions for the individual, society and the state.

On the Philosophical Nature of “Dialogue” in the English Translation of Chinese Classics

This paperapplies the literary dialogue theory to the study of English translation of Chineseclassics. Based on the dialogue relationshipbetween the speakers and the potentiallisteners, itisnecessary to firstlyreveal the philosophical nature of the translation of classicsinto English. Secondly, it shows the concrete manifestation of the philosophical essence of the English translation of classicsfrom the synchronic, diachronic, intralingual and interlingual perspectives. Finally, the translation of Chineseclassicsinto English emphasizes the equality, interaction and commonness of the dialogue subjects, highlights the essence of theirhumanistic spirit, and realizesthe“harmonious coexistence” of translation.

Компьютерный поворот в философии XXI в. (Размышления над книгой Йоханнеса Ленхарда «Сюрпризы вычислений. Философия компьютерных симуляций»)

In 2019, a new book by Lenhard was published. Lenhard attempts to separate computer simulations from classical mathematical modeling. Structuring in three parts the accumulated over the years research material, Lenhard correctly, with­out undertaking the construction of revolutionary metaphysical concepts, ac­quaints the reader with the new world of the philosophy of computer simula­tions. In the first part, the author reveals the thesis that computer simulations are a completely new, previously unknown, type of mathematical modeling. The second part focuses on the conceptual epistemic transformations of mathe­matical modeling from the perspective of the phenomenon of computer simula­tions. This part also deals with the verification methods that are used in scientific experiments: verification and validation. In the third part, Lenhard, questioning the purely scientific rational way of knowing, tries to grope for the contours of new methods, the specificity of which is due to the use of computer simulations in scientific research practice. In this review, I will analyze the main problems that Lenhard identifies in his book as the most important for understanding the philosophical essence of computer simulations.

PROBLEMS OF THE ESSENCE AND STRUCTURE OF ANALOGY AS A METHOD AND RESULT OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL COGNITION

From analogue as philosophical and logical and gnoseological essence up to its essence and structure as a method and result of the scientific and educational cognition that identifies the interactions of different systems, phenomena, objects. This is the conception idea and the intention of the author to open the leading gnoseological role and the place of analogy among other prognostic methods of experimental pedagogy and psychology. Analogy as the general scientific method under the certain conditions is able to interfere in the well-organized heuristic activity such methods as modelling, thoughtful experiment, retrospection, intuition and others. This is a topic of out discussion in the article.

Hill’s Temporality Criterion: Reverse Causation and Its Radiation Aspect

This review considers various aspects of the temporality causation criterion and the corresponding confounders within the framework of temporal bias, including facts for radiation epidemiology. It is noted that this guideline is the only criterion in all sets of rules for assessing causation for nonexperimental (observational) disciplines, since falsification of it immediately eliminates the likelihood of causation. The exact terminology of the criterion, its philosophical essence, going back to the works of D. Hume and J. Mill (the cause must be before the effect), the epidemiological meaning (the need to observe a plausible latency period for the pathology under study), and the difficulties of establishing the temporal relationship in retrospective studies and its nonabsoluteness for individual disciplines and situations in the biomedical field are analyzed. The definitions of the concept “reverse causation” (protopathic bias) from fundamental sources, as well as confounders close to it within the framework of temporal biases (indications, contraindications, and severity of pathology/prognosis) are presented. Approaches to eliminate these temporal biases are listed. There are numerous examples of reverse causation from both everyday life (sociology, political science, and psychology) and the field of epidemiology and medicine. The facts of reverse causation for carcinogenesis in radiation epidemiology are considered in detail, all of which are within the framework of diagnostic or therapeutic irradiation, often prescribed to patients with pre-existing conditions for malignant neoplasms. The most important example is irradiation of children and young people during computed tomography; this paper briefly reviews all large-scale epidemiological studies on this theme (2012–2019) in relation to the problem of reverse causation. It is concluded that a review can serve for better orientation in the facts of reverse causation not only in epidemiology and medicine, but also in everyday life.

Метафилософское наследие Григория Назианзина

The purpose of the study is to identify metaphilosophical ideas in works by Gregory of Nazianzus and, using them as a basis, provide a generalised description of the issue of philosophical essence. The work analyses Gregory of Nazianzus’s views within the framework of modern metaphilosophical issues. Basing on the analysis of the metaphilosophical standpoint adopted by Gregory of Nazianzus, the author states the key problem of metaphilosophy. The article outlines the main strategies for solving this problem and concludes that it is necessary to separate metaphilosophy into a special area of philosophical research. Scientific novelty of the study lies in attempting to take a fresh look at the issue of philosophy nature through the lens of philosophical heritage of patristics. As a result, it is proved that the key problem of metaphilosophy is the issue of correlation between philosophy and truthfulness criterion.

Of Proverbs and Postproverbial (Re)Constructions

Abstract This paper evaluates postproverbial (re)constructions of selected Igbo proverbs and the ‘altering alternatives’ regenerated from the original Igbo proverbs. Eighteen randomly selected Igbo proverbs, the proverbial expressions and their postproverbial (re)constructions were subjected to critical analysis. The study revealed that there are noticeable changings in rendering of the selected proverbs. These changings occur largely either due to lack of an in-depth knowledge in the usage of the traditional proverbs, disconnection with the custodians/sources of the Igbo proverbs, urbanisation influence on the Igbo speakers or both. Hence the manufacturing of the ‘altering alternatives’, known as postproverbials. The paper, therefore, urges Igbo language speakers and the would-be users, to draw closer by retracing their step in the choice and usage of Igbo proverbs against the near-overbearing influence of proverbials on the autochthonous, symbolic, semantic, and philosophical essence of Igbo traditional proverbs.

ПРОБЛЕМА RESSENTIMENT В ФИЛОСОФИИ ПОСТАНАРХИЗМА

Статья посвящена изучению рецепции идей классического анархизма в философии постанархизма. Ее цель – вычленить философскую суть учения Ф.Ницше о ресентименте, опираясь на работы С.Ньюмена, что позволит сформулировать характерные черты философии постанархизма. Примененный к анархистскому дискурсу фукианский анализ функционирования современной власти обнаружил наличие механизмов принуждения в самом анархизме. Постанархизм представлен как философия, избегающая эссенциализма.

Musical Analysis, Beauty and Spirituality of Selected Bandishes (Compositions) of Ustad Latafat Hussain Khan

The musical structure, as well as the lyrics of the bandish (composition), have an integral relationship with the performance of the composition by a vocalist or musician. Although Classical Music is primarily a performing art, it incorporates literary and poetic contents, which makes it more impressive, intriguing, and engaging to one's heart. The genre of classical music has been enriched by the creative work of several composers of Indian Classical Vocal music. Ustad Latafat Hussain Khan was one of the stalwart musicians of the Agra style of Indian Classical music. He was not only an eminent vocalist but also created many bandishes under the pseudonym ‘Premdas.’ This present writing presents the actual meaning/semantics of the bandish, inner meaning or philosophical essence and the spiritual/religious perspective portrayed by the composer in three of his selected Khayal bandishes. By presenting the notation of these bandish, in the concerned raga, the embedded melody format, beautification of the taal and laya (rhythm and tempo) with the help of Swara (voice sound/ tone) and lyrics (Bol) by the composer has been analyzed. The reflection of characteristics of Agra style in the bandish has discussed. For the study, personal interviews of eminent musicians and existing pieces of concerned literature had been consulted. It may be said that the analysis of these bandishes of Ustad Latafat Hussain Khan made it evident that they bear the signature of his skillful ability and his uniqueness as a vibrant composer.

Вопросы формирования готовности будущего педагога к обеспечению преемственности дошкольного и начального математического образования

The article deals with the problem of the future teacher’s readiness to implement the continuity of preschool and primary mathematical education. The authors define the philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical essence of continuity as a pedagogical phenomenon. Continuity is defined as the General and specific goal of education, the construction of a single content line that provides effective progressive development of the child, his successful transition to the next stage of education. The article analyzes the typical curriculum of preschool education and training and the curriculum of the 1st grade to determine the continuity of preschool and primary mathematical education. The authors substantiate the structure of the future teacher’s readiness to implement the continuity of preschool and primary mathematical education, highlighting: motivational, cognitive, activity and reflexive components. The criteria, indicators and levels (low, medium, high) of the future teacher’s readiness to implement the continuity of preschool and primary mathematical education and the results of experimental work are presented. The article was published through grant funding «The best teacher of the university in 2019».

Философствование как путь от созерцания к проектированию бытия

Philosophizing expresses the very essence of philosophy. This is the way in which the philosopher addresses ultimate questions to the world, to other people, and to himself. It combines a question, a final reprimand, and an existential commu­nication. It is preceded by contemplation as an imaginative comprehension of the world and grasping of the whole being through the value filters of the thinker’s consciousness. Projectivity is already present in it as the ability of consciousness to anticipate the vision of being. However, philosophizing begins with the ulti­mate questioning and is revealed further in the last utterance, which in turn is achieved in existential communication as a dialogue of free individuals. It is re­alized in the form of an exchange of positions between them and the competition of their ideas. Design is aimed at reconstructing human existence and creating possible worlds, combining existentialism and transcendence. The project of be­ing as an image of its possible future is developed in accordance with the set cri­teria of being. This is the final result of philosophizing.

“实事求是的深刻内涵哲学本质与重要意义”的组织学——一个高职思政理论课组织学案例

“实事求是的深刻内涵哲学本质与重要意义”的组织学——一个高职思政理论课组织学案例

Innovative thinking and heuristics

In this article, a philosophical-reflexive study of innovative and euristic aspects of the style of scientific thought is made. The article analyzes the genesis, etymology, networking and social significance of the concept of innovation. Also, various approaches to innovative thinking are studied on the basis of comparative analysis. The philosophical and epistemological essence of heuristics has become the subject of research. The role and importance of heuristics in the formation of innovative thinking has been expressed. The relevance of innovation process as a phenomenon to heuristics has been analyzed on the basis of a systematic approach. The cause and consequence of the transformation of innovative thinking into a broad social consciousness direction is the innovative development that takes place in society. During the transition to Information Society, the reduction and acceleration of the time it takes to produce, consume products, keep them updated constitute the demand for activities, in particular creative intellectual activity, innovation development. In the summary section, several theoretical, practical suggestions are given to the process of innovaion and the development of thinking.

The philosophical essence of innovation activity

The article highlights the role of innovative thinking in organizing research activities. Philosophical analysis of organizational, social, financial and economic aspects of the organization of innovative activity. Priorities of innovation activity in Uzbekistan and main trends in it were revealed. In addition, a number of proposals and recommendations on innovative activities have been developed

Особенности предмета философии в трудах П.И. Линицкого

The subject of the study is the teaching of the representative of the Kiev Theological Academy, the largest «Orthodox rationalist» Petr Ivanovich Linitsky, on the subject of philosophy. Based on the analysis of individual works of P.I. Linitsky, conclusions about the essence of philosophy, its subject, tasks and significance in the life of society are drawn. Recognizing the universal nature of philosophy, the philosopher believes that its goals should also be universal. The purpose of philosophy is the meaning that belongs to it in the education and development of the spiritual life of mankind. Theist philosopher recognizes that philosophy seeks to clarify the main motives and goals in all areas of human activity. Attention is drawn to the definition of the universality of the nature of philosophy, its special significance among other sciences by Russian scientists. The philosopher sees the main goal of science in the formation of a common worldview, and he believes that it consists of the essential task, stemming from the nature of the human mind, which strives for unity in knowledge, as well as for combining the particular with the general.

GENERAL LEGAL AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF COUNTERING RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM

The main problems and philosophical issues of countering religious extremism, as well as emerging issues of religious philosophy and metaphysics are revealed. A comprehensive analysis of the problem of religious extremism in various aspects is carried out from the standpoint of law, philosophy, political science, psychology, sociology. The philosophical essence of religious extremism is established as a violation of socially acceptable behavior and established relations. Variants of human behavior after interaction with traditional religion and new religious movements are considered. Levels of destructiveness of religious extremism, methods and ways of counteracting it are revealed. The essence of states controlled by extremist-minded leaders is analyzed. It is noted that in most scientific works the problematic issues of manifestations of religious extremism are studied in the context of political, legal and socio-philosophical manifestations, as well as from the relationship of religious philosophy and metaphysics, and when defining the concept of religious extremism the main emphasis is made on principles of law and politics with application of base categories of ideology.

MENGENAL FILSAFAT ANTARA METODE PRAKTIK DAN PEMIKIRAN SOCRATES, PLATO DAN ARISTOTELES

Abstract : Philosophy as the parent of all science is an important study that needs to be studied, the goal is that the deepest meaning in the context of thinking becomes clearer. So that inevitably philosophical studies need to be introduced in various forms. In a more explicit context that philosophy is an attempt to invite humans to be able to use the potential of extraordinary extraordinary intelligence is able to reveal all the deepest meanings of every inch of scientific analysis that has become knowledge. In this context philosophy as a field of contemplation which leads to ways to discover the nature of what is called love of wisdom can lead us to maturity of thought so that in time it will arrive at the desired essence in philosophy. Furthermore, to find out how to achieve the essence of philosophy is by trying to recognize the method of the Systematic Method: we are known as the work of philosophy or the contents of the first philosophy (essence theory or we are familiar with the term ontology). Second is (our theory of knowledge is also familiar with the term epistemology). Third is (value theory and known as axiology). Historical Method, Critical method: this method is used by Socrates and Plato. Intuitive Method: this method is used by Plotinos and Bergson. Scholastic Method: this method was used by Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas in the Middle Ages. And next is to know other characteristics such as history, and the thoughts of the characters. Keywords : Philosophy, methods, practices, thoughts of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle

Philosophy and Mediation. A Manifesto

The current condition of philosophy as a discipline is quite problematic, in particular if we consider its relationship to other human sciences and to other disciplines in general. The philosophical debate appears fragmented, and philosophy itself has lost any specific role in the present scientific landscape. This situation determines a sort of “identity crisis”, whose main consequence is the coexistence of antinomical views about philosophy in the contemporary scientific and public discourse. Starting from this context, the paper aims at providing a description of philosophy as “theory of mediation”. This description does not want to be ‘original’, but rather tries to emphasize an element that is always been rooted in the very essence of philosophy, but that has also often been neglected. Philosophy has always pointed out the necessity to think the in-between of things, their relation and the passage from one to another, rather than just offering a taxonomy or a factual description of the world. In order to prove this point, the paper offers an analysis of some classical texts, in particular of some fragments by Heraclitus and of a passage taken from Hegel’s early writings. A view that rethinks philosophy as “mediology” allows a rehabilitation of philosophy as a specific discipline and as a systematic enterprise, at the same time providing a new framework for the understanding of the relationship between philosophy and other sciences.