Erzurum Region Research Articles

Hemorrhoidal Disease in the Diabetic Population: The Effects of Glucose Regulation and Lipid Profile

Background: Hemorrhoidal disease is a common anorectal condition characterized by the enlargement and distal displacement of the typical vascular structures in the anal canal. The relationship between DM, lipid metabolism, and hemorrhoidal disease remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hemorrhoids and the association between glycemic control and lipid profile in diabetic patients. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 752 patients who underwent colonoscopy at Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital between June 2021 and August 2024. The study population comprised 452 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean age 63.4 ± 11.0) and 300 nondiabetic patients (mean age 62.8 ± 10.8). The presence of hemorrhoids was confirmed through colonoscopy. Glycemic control parameters, lipid profile, and other biochemical parameters were analyzed. Results: Hemorrhoids were found in 47.3% (n = 214) of diabetic patients and 17.3% (n = 52) of nondiabetic patients, indicating a significantly higher prevalence in the diabetic group (OR = 4.3, CI = 3.0–6.2, p < 0.001). Diabetic patients with hemorrhoids had significantly higher mean HbA1C (8.1 ± 2.1 vs. 7.5 ± 1.8, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001), and triglyceride levels (p = 0.005) compared to those without hemorrhoids. Additionally, a longer duration of diabetes and higher hypertension prevalence were observed in the hemorrhoid group. Conclusions: The findings suggest that poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with an increased prevalence of hemorrhoids in diabetic patients. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive management of diabetes, including lipid control, to potentially reduce the risk of hemorrhoidal disease.

EXPLORATION OF HALLUCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS IN PEGANUM HARMALA, A POPULAR INCENSE IN FOLK CULTURE, COUPLED WITH ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS

Objective: Peganum harmala L., commonly known as "harmala," is extensively used as an herbal incense product today and is renowned for its reported calming effects on humans. This study aims to perform a structural characterization of incense, with a particular focus on its fruit and seed components, by analyzing both the combustion process and dissolving the resulting smoke in an appropriate solvent. Additionally, we aim to contribute to the literature by investigating the presence of hallucinogenic compounds in this incense. Simultaneously, anatomical features of pedicels, petals, sepals, stamens, and pistils of P. harmala were examined through manual sectioning. Material and Method: Smoke from incense was dissolved using n-hexane and dichloromethane solvents. Chemical analysis of seeds and fruits was conducted using GC-MS at the Erzurum Regional Criminal Police Laboratory Directorate. Anatomical characterization involved manual sectioning of pedicels, petals, sepals, and pistils, followed by examination under a microscope. Result and Discussion: Upon analysis of samples extracted from dichloromethane and n-hexane solvents, the presence of harmine-a compound exhibiting hallucinogenic properties-has been identified. Harmine is known to impact human perception, cognition, and emotions by influencing central nervous system. The anatomical analysis revealed the presence of glandular trichomes on the pedicel, and sepal. Chemical compounds in smoke of P. harmala seeds and fruits, including hallucinogenic compound harmine, were identified through GC-MS analysis.

Isolation Identification and Molecular Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Raw Milk Samples Collected from Erzurum Region

Due to its high-water content, milk is an important source of different microbial contents, especially lactic acid bacteria. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria from raw milk samples collected from Erzurum and its surroundings, and to introduce possible new species, or genera, to the taxonomy. For this purpose, DNAs of pure bacterial cultures obtained from 50 raw milk samples collected from producers in Erzurum and its districts were isolated, isolates that differed from each other were selected by rep-PCR, and 11 different species and subspecies [Corynebacterium casei, Enterococcus italicus, E. durans, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcos lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcos lactis subsp. hordniae, Lactobacillus paracasei, Leuconostoc lactis, Staphylococcus succinis, Streptococcus parauberis ve S. uberis] in raw milk samples by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. It was concluded that the (GTG)5-PCR method was more successful than BOX-PCR in the identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw milk samples at a species and subspecies level, and the isolate coded TS10, which was 98% similar Streptococcus uberis, may be a new species and should be re-examined with advanced diagnostic techniques.

The Effect of Visual Arts Educative Practices on Social Functionality in Patients With Schizophrenia

The purpose of this research is to examine the effectsof visual arts educative practices on social functionality of patients with schizophrenia. The study population of the research consisted of 196 schizophrenia patients who were registered in Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital Community Mental Health Center diagnosed with schizophrenia and still continuing their treatment. The study sample consisted 30 patients in total and 15 of which were experimental and 15 were control groups who read the informed consent form and accepted the information statement voluntarily. The criteria for inclusion in the study were to be between the ages of 18-68 to participate in the research voluntarily to answer the tests and to take part in educative visual arts practices. Social functionality scale was applied to the experimental and control groups as a pre-test and post-test. Visual arts applications were made to the experimental group, but no application was made to the control group. According to the findings it was concluded that the visual arts educative practices applied to the experimental group had a positive effect on the development of socialfunctionality of patients with schizophrenia.

The Effect of Visual Arts Educative Practices on Social Functionality in Patients With Schizophrenia

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of visual arts educative practices on social functionality in patients with schizophrenia. The study population of the research consisted of 196 schizophrenia patients who were registered in Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital Community Mental Health Center diagnosed with schizophrenia and still continuing their treatment. The study sample consisted 30 patients in total and 15 of which were experimental and 15 were control groups who read the informed consent form and accepted the information statement voluntarily. The criteria for inclusion in the study were to be between the ages of 18-68 to participate in the research voluntarily to answer the tests and to take part in visual arts practices. Social functionality scale was applied to the experimental and control groups as a pre-test and post-test. Visual arts applications were made to the experimental group, but no application was made to the control group. According to the findings it was concluded that the visual arts practices applied to the experimental group had a positive effect on the development of social functionality of patients with schizophrenia.

The Effect of Visual Arts Educative Practices on Social Functionality in Patients With Schizophrenia

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of visual arts educative practices on social functionality in patients with schizophrenia. The study population of the research consisted of 196 schizophrenia patients who were registered in Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital Community Mental Health Center diagnosed with schizophrenia and still continuing their treatment. The study sample consisted 30 patients in total and 15 of which were experimental and 15 were control groups who read the informed consent form and accepted the information statement voluntarily. The criteria for inclusion in the study were to be between the ages of 18-68 to participate in the research voluntarily to answer the tests and to take part in visual arts practices. Social functionality scale was applied to the experimental and control groups as a pre-test and post-test. Visual arts applications were made to the experimental group, but no application was made to the control group. According to the findings it was concluded that the visual arts practices applied to the experimental group had a positive effect on the development of social functionality of patients with schizophrenia.

Evaluation of Skin Prick Test Results in Erzurum Region

Evaluation of Skin Prick Test Results in Erzurum Region

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Individuals Engaged in Animal Husbandry in Erzurum Region

Objective: Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in our country and the world. This study investigated the seroprevalence of brucellosis in individuals who were engaged in animal husbandry in Erzurum region, were over 18 years of age, or did not have any clinical complaints of brucellosis. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted on 271 volunteers engaged in livestock farming in 20 districts of Erzurum province between 2020 and 2021. Brucella antibodies were investigated in blood samples using ELISA IgG, ELISA IgM, Rose Bengal, and Standard tube agglutination tests. A questionnaire was administered to the participants to investigate the risk factors of brucellosis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.6 ± 15.7.2 years (min:18, max:90), and there were 137 male (50.6%) and 134 female (49.4%) particpants. Seropositivity was detected with ELISA IgG in 40 of 271 participants (14.8%). Seropositivity was detected in the ELISA IgM test in 2 of these 40 participants (0.7%). Seropositivity was found in 46 participants (17%) in the Rose Bengal and 29 individuals in the STA test. According to the serology results, ELISA IgG positivity was higher in male participants compared to female participants (ratio=1.6). Among pet owners, ELISA IgG seropositivity was found higher than the participants who did not have pets (ratio=1.9). In the evaluation based on educational status, the rate of seropositivity was slightly higher in the participants who were illiterate and had a poor level of education. Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that the prevalence rate obtained by ELISA IgG was consistent with previous studies conducted in the region. No significant relationship was observed between the serology results of the participants and their gender and educational status. On the other hand, the positivity of ELISA IgG results was higher among the participants who had pets, and there was a significant relationship at the margin.

Rapid synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Rheum ribes L Fruit Peels Anticancer and Antimicrobial Effects with Biocompatible Structures

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are useful substances with a wide range of uses. utilizing the extract taken from the peels of the Rheum ribes L.(Rr) fruit growing in the Erzurum region, silver nanoparticles were speedily created in this study utilizing a quick, easy, and environmentally friendly technique without harmful stages. In order to evaluate the attributes of the synthesized Rr-AgNPs, FE-SEM or TEM micrographs were utilized to characterize the morphology of the AgNPs. A UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to assess the highest absorbance bands of RR-AgNPs. These data were used to produce RR-AgNPs, which were characterized as having exclusively negative surface charges of -25 mV, a spherical shape, maximum absorbance at 428 nm wavelength, and 96 nm size distribution. The effectiveness of the produced AgNPs for usage in medical applications was assessed using the MTT technique with microdilution. Minimum Inhibition Concentrations of Rr-AgNPs on pathogen strains were found to range from 0.03-0.50 mg/L. Additionally, it was discovered that AgNPs effectively suppressed malignant cells in the investigation for the anticancer effects of AgNPs, with rates of 86.27%, 74.67%, and 73.49%. Healthy cells were not subjected to any inhibitory effects at the same concentrations that caused this result.

Retrospective Examination of Infants With Congenital Neural Tube Defect.

In the present study, neonates presenting with neural tube defects (NTDs) and undergoing observation within the confines of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were subjected to a comprehensive assessment encompassing concurrent morbidities, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and instituted interventions. A retrospective examination was conducted on the medical records of 135 neonates diagnosed with congenital NTD within the temporal span from 2008 to 2018. The study cohort was drawn from the NICU of the Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional and Research Hospital Health Practice and Research Center. The current investigation encompasses a retrospective analysis of 135 patients diagnosed with NTDwho received treatment at the NICUbetween the years 2008 and 2018. Among these, 74 individuals (54.2%) were male, while 61 (45.8%) were female. Maternal ages ranged from 17 to 46 years, with variations in the number of pregnancies, ranging from 1 to 10. Notably, 71 cases (52.6%) were delivered through normal spontaneous delivery, whereas 64 cases (47.4%) underwent cesarean section. The familial context revealed that five patients (3.6%) had siblings with a history of NTD, while no instances were noted where mothers had received antenatal folic acid support. Birth weights of the neonates ranged from 1425 to 4500 grams. Consanguinity was identified in the parental relationships of 17 cases (12.6%). The average diameter of the neural tube sac was determined to be 4.83± 1.94 cm (1-12 cm). Predominantly, the lumbosacral region emerged as the most common site of NTD, with meningomyelocele being the prevailing NTD type. Hydrocephalus coexisted in 67 cases, and notably, 44 instances exhibited the development of hydrocephalus post-sac operation. Eight patients were deemed inoperable, and the initial surgery transpired at an average age of 4.3 ± 2.6 (0-17) days. Flap closure constituted 32 of the surgical interventions, while primary closure was implemented in 95 cases. Neurogenic bladder antedated the operation in 14 patients, and 12 individuals developed neurogenic bladder postoperatively. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement was warranted in 47 patients. The average duration of hospitalization was 22.5 ± 14.4 days. Regrettably, three patients died due to complications and infections during their hospital stay. NTDrepresents a significant cohort of pathologies necessitating a comprehensive and interdisciplinary management strategy. These anomalies are characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality rates, not only exerting substantial financial strains on societal, familial, and state healthcare resourcesbut also inflicting profound emotional distress upon affected families. Crucially, periconceptional strategies emphasizing balanced nutritioncoupled with targeted multivitamin and mineral supplementation, particularly the inclusion of folic acid, assume paramount importance in the prophylaxis of this debilitating condition.

Integrating stratified best-worst method and GIS for landslide susceptibility assessment: a case study in Erzurum province (Turkey).

Landslides are among the most destructive geological disasters that seriously damage human life and infrastructures. Landslides mainly occur in mountainous regions around the world. One of the key processes to reduce these damages is to uncover landslide-exposed areas through different data-driven methods such as Geographical Information System (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). In the literature, there are many studies developed with these fundamental tools. In this study, unlike the literature, a new landslide susceptibility assessment model is proposed by integrating GIS with the stratified best-worst method (S-BWM). This model has four main dimensions and 16 sub-dimensions under topography, environment-land, location, and hydrological factors, weighted with the S-BWM. A network was created considering the different states that may arise in the importance weights of these dimensions in the future. The transition probabilities of these states were predicted and injected into the classical BWM. Then, maps were created for these dimensions and classifications for each sub-dimension according to the map characteristics. Finally, the most susceptive landslide locations were determined with GIS-based calculations. To demonstrate the model's applicability, a case study was conducted for the Erzurum region, one of Turkey's landslide-prone regions. In addition, besides the landslide map, an analysis and discussion about the spatial distribution of susceptibility classes was presented, contributing to the study's robustness. In the results of landslide susceptibility analysis, landslides are higher in the range of about 1600-2500m. Approximately 42% (35.59 sq. km) of the study area has high landslide susceptibility, while 58% (64.41 sq. km) has medium and low landslide susceptibility.

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Eimeria Species and Gastrointestinal Helminths in Lambs and Sheeps in Erzurum Region

Bu çalışma 2009 yılının Şubat ve Mart aylarında Erzurum’un Pazaryolu, Pasinler ve Ilıca ilçelerinde yürütülmüştür. Yöresindeki 11 odakta bulunan 28 ağıldan yaşları 1 aylığa kadar değişen 461 kuzu (253 ishalli, 208 sağlıklı) ve 397 (9 ishalli, 388 sağlıklı) koyun dışkı örneği alınmıştır. Cryptosporidium spp. 858 dışkı örneğinin 397’sinde %46.3 yaygınlık tespit edildi. Eimeria spp. 858 örneğin 313’ünde ortalama %36.5 yaygınlık tespit edildi. 21 ‘inde ise (%2.4) gastrointestinal helmint yumurtalarına rastlanmıştır. Kuzu ve koyun dışkılarında on Eimeria türü tanımlandı; Eimeria ovinoidalis, E. parva, E. pallida, E. faurei, E. bakuensis, E. crandalis, E. ahsata, E.weybridgensis, E. intricata ve E. granulosa tespit edilmiştir. Bu dışkı örneklerinde Strongyloides papillosus, Nematodirus spp. ve Trichuris spp. yumurtalarına rastlanmıştır.

Effect of atmospheric pressure changes on the development of pulmonary embolism: a retrospective analysis of 8 years of data.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a condition with high mortality, and determining its etiology is as important as its treatment. There are limited studies in the literature examining the effect of atmospheric pressure (AP) change on PE. Analyze the effect of AP level and the change in AP level on the development of PE according to year, season and months. Retrospective SETTING: Department of tertiary care center PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with diagnosed or presumed PE who were followed up in the Erzurum Atatürk University Medicine Chest Diseases Clinic between 2012 and 2020 (8 years) were retrospectively screened for inclusion in the study by examining hospital records. Daily AP values were obtained electronically through official correspondence with the Erzurum Regional Meteorological Directorate. Patients diagnosed with PE were recorded using the hospital database and anamnesis forms. The dates of admission to hospital were recorded. Risk factors leading to the development of PE were identified using the records. Relationship between AP values and the incidence of PE. 592 RESULTS: APmin, APmax, and APmean were significantly lower on days with PE cases compared to days without PE cases (P<.001 for all). ΔAPmin, ΔAPmax, and ΔAPmean values were all negative on days with PE, but only the difference in ΔAPmin was significant (P=.04). This study showed that lower AP values were significantly associated with the incidence of PE. In particular, a drop in APmin compared to the previous day seemed to be most associated with PE development. Retrospective design and only applicable to region. None.

Investigation of Opportunities to Improve Erzurum Provincial Greenhouses by Assesing the Greenhouse Operations in Kumluca District, Antalya

Örtü altı yetiştiriciliği; getirisinin yüksek olması, kısa sezonlarda ürünün yetiştirilip tüketime hazır hale gelmesi, üretici açısından maliyetin kısa sürede karşılanması ve ülke ekonomisine sağladığı katkılar nedeniyle; tarla tarımına göre daha çok özen gösterilmesi gereken bir üretim koludur. Örtü altı yetiştiriciliği ve seracılık ülkemizde tüm bölgelerde aynı seviyede gelişim göstermemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Antalya, Kumluca yöresinde örtü altı yetiştiriciliği için elde edilen bilgiler ışığında Erzurum’da örtü altı yetiştiriciliğin geliştirilebilirliği konusunda değerlendirmeler sunmaktır. Kumluca yöresinin seracılık açısından önemli bir başarı sağlamış olması ve bu konuda elde edilmiş tecrübeler incelendiğinde, Kumluca örtü altı yetiştiriciliğinin Erzurum örtü altı yetiştiriciliğini geliştirmeye dayalı bazı yol gösterici unsurlara sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Erzurum bulguları incelendiğinde hıyar ve domates üretiminin örtü altı yetiştiriciliğinde en çok yetiştirilen ürünler olduğu ve bu açıdan Kumluca bulguları ile örtüştüğü belirlenmiştir. Erzurum’un karasal iklim tipine sahip olması yıllık ısıtma problemlerini ve buna bağlı olarak maliyetleri arttıracağından Kumluca’dan farklı olarak, bakının hesaplanması ve ayrıca ısıtma için jeotermal veya güneş enerjisi gibi alternatiflerin düşünülmesini gerektirmektedir. Erzurum için en önemli unsurlardan birisi olan seraların ısıtılması, Kumluca’da daha çok dondan korunma şeklinde basit sistemler kullanılarak yürütüldüğünden, Erzurum yöresi seracılığının diğer bölgelerle rekabet edememesi konusunda ısıtma maliyetleri en önemli problemdir. Fakat Kumluca bölgesinde dondan korunma amaçlı uygulanan çatı yağmurlama sistemi ve ısı perdeleri gibi yöntemlerin Erzurum’da bahar aylarında kullanılması erkencilik açısından faydalar sağlayacaktır.

THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF SIMULTANEOUS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE JURISDICTION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF CORPORATE COMMUNICATION: THE CASE OF SEGBIS ERZURUM

İnsanların mekân sınırlaması olmaksızın gerçek zamanlı yüz yüze iletişim kurabilme kabiliyeti kazanması, video konferans sistemlerini küresel ölçekte önemli bir konuma getirmiştir. 2011 yılında yargılama faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesi sırasında kullanılmak üzere Adalet Bakanlığı tarafından geliştirilerek kullanılama sunulan Ses ve Görüntü Bilişim Sistemi (SEGBİS), kamu kurum ve kuruluşları bünyesinde kullanılan özgün video konferans sistemlerinden biri olmuştur. Bu çalışma eş zamanlı iletişim teknolojilerinden biri olan Ses ve Görüntü Bilişim Sistemi (SEGBİS)’nin yargılama faaliyetlerinde kullanımının kurumsal iletişimin verimliliğine etkisini tespit etme amacına yöneliktir. Araştırmada SEGBİS üzerinden yapılan yargılamalarda, sürecin aktörleri olan hâkim, Cumhuriyet savcısı, avukat ve kullanıcı destek personelinin bu teknolojiyi kullanma becerileri, tutum ve davranışlarından yola çıkılarak eş zamanlı iletişim teknolojilerinin kurumsal iletişimin verimliliğine etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden araçsal durum çalışması deseni ile yürütülen çalışmada, Erzurum Bölge Adliye Mahkemesi’nde görev yapan hâkim, Cumhuriyet savcısı, kullanıcı personel ve duruşma avukatlarıyla yüz yüze görüşme ve SEGBİS duruşma gözlemlerinden oluşan iki veri toplama aracı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda SEGBİS kullanımının; zamanı verimli kullanma, soruşturma evresinde hız ve pratiklik, acil iş ve işlemlerde kolaylık ve ekonomik katkı alanlarında kurumsal iletişim verimliliğini arttırdığı bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.

Woman in Erzurum Folk Songs

Üreten kadınların gerek bireysel gerek toplumsal cinsiyete ilişkin sorunlar karşısında seslerini duyurmaya başlar hale gelmesine paralel olarak, kadını konu alan sosyal çalışmalar da hız kazanmaya başlamıştır. Halk biliminden sosyolojiye, psikolojiden müzikolojiye kadar farklı disiplinlerde toplumsal cinsiyet ve kadın temasını ele alan -özellikle- kültürel çalışmalarda bunun yansımalarını görmek mümkündür. Kültürün işitsel boyutu olan müzik alanında da kadına ilişkin çalışmaların artmaya başladığı görülür. Popüler müziklerin yanı sıra kültürün sözlü ve işitsel yansıması olan türkülerde de bu kapsamda çalışma hareketliliği dikkati çeker. Toplum yaşamını, olaylara bakış açısını geçmişten günümüze taşıyan kültürel miras olan türküler, sözlerindeki temalardan, motiflerden yola çıkarak toplumunun özüne ilişkin bilgi edinmemizi sağlayan önemli veri kaynaklarıdır. Bu araştırmada, bu değerli kaynaklardan yola çıkarak, kadının konumuna Erzurum türküleri örnekleminde yanıt aranmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Erzurum yöresine ait 308 türkü içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiş, sözlerinde kadın teması içeren 167 türkü saptanmıştır. 153’ü kırık hava, 14’ü uzun hava olan bu türkülerin; makam, usul, ağız özelliklerine göre dağılımı yapılmıştır. Türküler, kadına ilişkin semboller, hitap şekilleri, kadına uygun görülen roller açısından incelenmiş, tüm veriler tablo ve grafikler şeklinde gösterilmiştir.

Determination of Some Antibiotic Residues in Honey Produced in Erzurum Region

Determination of Some Antibiotic Residues in Honey Produced in Erzurum Region

A retrospective look at influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aim: Influenza is the main cause of acute respiratory disease worldwide and is transmitted via the respiratory secretions of infected individuals. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate influenza, a virus with which we have a longer history, during a period in which the COVID-19 pandemic has dominated current events in terms of viral infections.&#x0D; Material and Method: Epidemiological and laboratory data of patients over 18 years of age who tested positive for influenza infection and received inpatient treatment in the Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020 according to the influenza management algorithm of the Public Health Institution of Turkey were evaluated retrospectively.&#x0D; Results: Of the 164 patients included in our study, 129 were hospitalized due to influenza A and 35 due to influenza B. Procalcitonin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, creatine kinase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the influenza A group compared to the influenza B group (p=0.002, 0.005, 0.006, 0.030, 0.010, and 0.004, respectively). Ten of the patients in the study died; there was no significant difference in mortality based on influenza subtype or presence of comorbidity (p=0.999 and 0.756, respectively). Forty-one (54.7%) of the patients with comorbidities had received an influenza vaccine.&#x0D; Conclusion: Although COVID-19 has dominated the global stage since the pandemic started, the effects of periodic pandemics of our old acquaintance influenza still continue. Vaccination, which is our strongest weapon against pandemics, can reduce mortality in patients with comorbidities, as seen in our study.

Evaluation of eating disorders, kinesophobia and disfunctional attitudes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim: Eating disorders (EDs), dysfunctional attitudes (DAs), and limitation of movement due to kinesiophobia, which are more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), may contribute to poor metabolic control, weight gain, disregard for treatment, and an increased prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications; however, current evidence is limited to small studies and restricted measures. In this study, these characteristics were assessed in patients with T2DM relative to controls, and factors independently associated with ED, DA and kinesiophobia were examined. Material and methods: This case-control study was conducted between July 2018 and December 2018 at the Departments of Endocrinology and Psychiatry of Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey. A total of 150 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 150 healthy controls were included. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) were applied. Results: Median age in the control group was 38 (IQR: 27 - 47) years, and 56 (IQR: 46 - 61) years in the patient group. Women comprised 67.3% of controls and 61.3% of patients. Although all scale scores were higher in the patient group compared to controls, the possible relationships were not confirmed by multiple linear regression analysis. Significant factors independently associated with higher DAS score were high age (p=0.043), high body mass index (p=0.021) and presence of comorbidity (p=0.019). Significant factors associated with higher TSK score were high age (p<0.001) and high BMI (p=0.001). High age (p<0.001) was the only parameter associated with higher EAT score. The presence of T2DM was not found to be an independent factor associated with any of the scores. Conclusion: Our results show that, rather than the presence of T2DM, other patient characteristics were likely to be more influential on ED, DA and kinesiophobia. These show that older patients with T2DM who have comorbidities or DM-related complications are more likely to benefit from management that account for these characteristics.

Research on micro limestone for concrete pavements produced with natural aggregates in the Erzurum region

The use of naturally formed aggregates in concrete pavements is an innovative and sustainable solution both environmentally and economically. This study investigates the usability of fine and coarse aggregates formed spontaneously in Oltu, Narman, Pasinler and Uzundere in concrete pavements by improving the mechanical properties of concrete. In the study, the compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption capacity and capillarity permeability of the concrete samples planned to be used on concrete pavements were obtained by considering the contribution of these aggregates. In addition, microscopic electron scanning analyzes (SEM) were applied to visualize the internal cracks that may occur in the concrete. The test results showed that the concrete formed with aggregates from Oltu and Pasinler regions had the highest compressive, flexural and hardened unit weights. It has been concluded that the concrete produced from Uzundere region, which gives results below 35 MPa in terms of compressive strength, is not applicable on concrete pavements. In addition, considering the high compressive, flexural, unit weight and capillary permeability, it is predicted that the most suitable concrete design for the construction of concrete pavements is the P0 (concrete formed with aggregates from Pasinler region) concrete sample.