Erythrocyte Potassium Concentrations Research Articles

Relationship between plasma and erythrocyte magnesium and potassium concentrations in fasting obese subjects

During 18-day fasts undertaken by 19 obese patients, plasma magnesium concentrations decreased in those given no mineral supplements or given calcium or sodium supplements, but did not decrease in those given magnesium supplements. The extent of the decreases ranged from 9% in the nonsupplemented group to 25% in the sodium-supplemented group. Plasma potassium concentrations decreased more gradually in all patients, irrespective of magnesium supplementation. Erythrocyte magnesium concentrations remained unchanged in all patients. Erythrocyte potassium concentrations decreased by between 5% and 9% in those patients who had a decreased plasma magnesium concentration, but did not change in the patients who were given magnesium supplements. These findings indicate a possible effect of extracellular magnesium concentration, or of some other correlate of magnesium supplementation, on potassium distribution and transport between extra- and intracellular compartments.

The effect of dialysate magnesium on plasma and erythrocyte magnesium and potassium concentrations during maintenance haemodialysis.

The effects on plasma and erythrocyte potassium and magnesium concentrations of low ( < 0.2 mEq/l) as compared with orthodox (1.50 mEq/l) dialysate magnesium concentrations have been studied in six patients on maintenance haemodialysis. On low magnesium dialysis, plasma magnesium concentrations were significantly decreased from hypermagnesaemic to normal levels but the high erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were unchanged. The plasma potassium decrease, usual during each dialysis, was unaffected. In contrast, erythrocyte potassium concentrations, which did not change during individual dialyses, were high when orthodox magnesium was present in the dialysate, and normal during low magnesium dialysis. Low magnesium dialysis has biochemical advantages in that it corrects hypermagnesaemia and maintains normal erythrocyte potassium concentrations which otherwise would be increased.

Observations on the measurement and regulation of the sodium content of human erythrocytes.

1. The sodium concentration within the erythrocytes of 159 subjects was found to be 7·35 ± 1·25 (SD) mmol/litre of cells. 2. In 157 normal subjects, the erythrocyte potassium concentration was 99·08 ± 5·3 (SD) mmol/litre of cells. 3. In the erythrocytes from twenty-seven normal subjects there was a striking linear correlation between the rate constant for active sodium efflux and resting sodium concentration. 4. It is concluded that these studies confirm the assumption that the resting concentration of sodium within a cell is determined by the activity of the sodium pump. What is not known is the mechanism by which this precise control is maintained.

A method for the determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium and lithium concentrations in erythrocytes

A technique for the rapid and accurate estimation of intra-erythrocyte concentrations of Na, K, Li and Mg is described. CoEDTA is used as a marker to estimate plasma trapped in the red cell column ; the use of this compound constitutes a novel departure from other marker substances previously used. Plasma trapping was found to average close to 3% (v/v) of the packed cell column. RBC electrolyte values obtained from healthy control subjects were shown to be in good agreement with values reported in the literature.

Erythrocyte sodium and potassium in depressive illness

The erythrocyte sodium potassium concentrations were determined in 26 female patients suffering from a depressive illness, and in 12 female controls. The mean erythrocyte sodium concentration of the patients was significantly lower than that of the control group. The patient group was subdivided by diagnostic scales into eleven “psychotics” and fifteen “neurotics”. No difference between the “psychotic” group and the controls was shown. The erythrocyte sodium concentration of the “neurotic” group was significantly lower than that of the control and that of the “psychotic” group. After correction for age, there was no significant difference in erythrocyte potassium concentration between any of the groups.

An estimation of dominance at the locus controlling blood potassium in sheep

Summary1. Potassium concentrations in erythrocytes and plasma were influenced by Ka genotype and breed.2. Dominance at the Ka locus controlling red cell potassium concentration was incomplete.3. The lower limit of the difference between heterozygous and homozygous low phenotypes was 4.1 meq per litre.4. Sheep of the Finnish Landrace breed had relatively high potassium concentrations and the highest gene frequency of the recessive allele, of those examined.

The concentrations of magnesium and potassium in erythrocytes and plasma of geriatric patients with psychiatric disorders.

The concentrations of magnesium and potassium in erythrocytes and plasma of geriatric patients with psychiatric disorders.

Tick resistance in cattle: its stability and correlation with various genetic characteristics.

SummaryTicks were counted on 51 Droughtmaster and 12 Bos taurus cattle on about 120 occasions during 1962–64. The mean tick count on the Bos taurus cattle was 15·94 in 1962 which fell to 2·10 by 1964. The respective figures for the Droughtmaster cattle were 2·62 and 0·18. The steady fall in numbers was attributed to the relatively small proportion of female ticks which reach maturity on Droughtmaster cattle.Within the group of 51 Droughtmaster cattle the tick burden carried by an individual varied with environmental and other factors, but did not alter much relative to other individuals (simple correlation 0·7). Similar results were obtained with the Bos taurus cattle. It is assumed that average tick numbers on the various individuals within a group were inversely related to the tick resistance of the animals concerned.There was no significant correlation between tick infestation and the distribution of alleles at the following loci: haemoglobin, albumin, transferrin, post‐albumins and soluble J antigen.There was a signiflcant association between the distribution of amylase genes and tick burden in the Droughtmaster cattle, and a similar but not significant association in the Bos taurus cattle.There was a significant difference in both the mean erythrocyte potassium concentration [K+e] and packed cell volume betweeu the Bos taurus and Droughtmaster cattle, but these characteristics were not correlated with tick burden within the Droughtmaster cattle.

Studies of the Distribution of the Major Cations in Blood and of Erythrocyte Metabolism in Relation to Cold Shock and

SUMMARY The concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in whole hlood, and the distribution of these cations between the erythrocytes and plasma of 6 species have been determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The potassium and magnesium concentrations in human, bovine, sheep, dog, rabbit and fowl erythrocytes exceeded those of the plasma, while the reverse was true Jor sodium and calcium. In general, neither a rapid drop of temperature from 37°C to 0°C. nor a 1:2 dilution in sodium phosphate buffer caused marked movements of the cations into or out of the erythrocytes. There was no decrease in oxygen uptake, glucose utilization, or lactate accumulation of sheep and rabbit erythrocytes following cold shock. Dilution depressed the oxygen uptake of cold shocked sheep erythrocytes and caused a reduction in lactate production by rabbit erythrocytes.

Membrane ATPase and electrolyte levels in marsupial erythrocytes.

Abstract 1. 1. Individuals of the Australian marsupial species, the possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ), differ in erythrocyte cation concentration. ATPase activity was measured in the fragmented membranes of erythrocytes in which potassium predominates (HK cells) and in which sodium predominates (LK cells). A comparison was made with erythrocyte membrane ATPase activity in the marsupial quokka ( Setonyx brachyurus ) in which sodium and potassium are present in approximately equal concentration. 2. 2. All erythrocyte preparations showed basal ATPase activity. Significant (Na + -K + )-activated ATPase was present only in HK possum and quokka cells, absolute values and values relative to basal ATPase being higher in HK possum than in quokka cells. 3. 3. These results suggest that the low erythrocyte potassium concentrations in LK possums may be due to the absence of (Na + -K + )-activated ATPase and pump activity in their cell membranes.

Effect of experimental anemias on cation concentrations of the erythrocytes of sheep.

The concentrations of potassium in the erythrocytes of sheep increased by a mean value of 30.9 mEq/liter of cells during experimental anemias. The concentrations of sodium decreased slightly, but the ratio of potassium to sodium was greater during anemia. These changes were demonstrated in sheep with genetically inherited low concentrations of potassium in erythrocytes as well as in those with high concentrations. The reticulocytes were separated from mature erythrocytes by centrifugation, and they contained about 101–128 mEq K+/liter of cells. Their mean corpuscular hemoglobin was about 20 µµg and their mean corpuscular volume about 100 µ3. The frequency curve of distribution according to volume was bimodal during anemia. It is concluded that the changes observed during anemia were the result of the addition of these reticulocytes to the total population and that either these cells were immature forms which had not undergone the full series of mitotic divisions, or alternatively they could be fetal-type cells.

Inherited physiological differences in red cell characteristics of Welsh mountain sheep

1. Evidence is given of an association between the two loci governing inheritance of haemoglobin type and erythrocyte potassium concentration in Welsh Mountain sheep.2. In the 1777 animals examined, there was an excess of high potassium types amongst carriers of the haemoglobin B gene.3. At both high and low levels of potassium, sheep possessing haemoglobin A only had significantly more potassium in their blood than animals possessing haemoglobin B only. AB heterozygotes were intermediate in. value.

The variability of potassium concentrations in erythrocytes in relation to anaemia in sheep

A marked rise in the mean concentration of potassium in the erythrocytes of anaemic ewes with a lamb at foot is reported. Marked rises in potassium concentrations in erythrocytes or lowered packed cell volumes were not found in unmated or barren ewes in the same flock. The rise in the potassium concentration in the erythrocytes is discussed. It is suggested that self-limiting anaemia episodes may be more common in sheep, at least on the New England Tableland of New South Wales, than is normally suspected.

Adaptation to subtropical environments by Zebu and British breeds of cattle in relation to erythrocyte characters

Differences in some blood characters between Zebu type cattle, British breeds of cattle, and crosses between these two types are delineated. Zebu type animals tend to have higher packed cell volumes, erythrocyte sodium concentrations, whole blood specific gravities, and gene frequencies for the fast-moving haemoglobin, and lower erythrocyte potassium concentrations and median corpuscular fragilities, than British breeds. The results are discussed in relation to endocrine balance and methods which have been developed for the assessment of adaptation of cattle to tropical and subtropical environments. The concentration of potassium in erythrocytes is suggested as another possible index of adaptation potential in cattle.

Haemoglobin and Erythrocyte Potassium Types in Sheep and their Influence on Oxygen Dissociation and Haemoglobin Denaturation

The influence of haemoglobin type and erythrocyte potassium concentration on oxygen dissociation curves and rate of denaturation of haemoglobin by alkali have been studied in Southdown sheep.

Electrolyte and Haematocrit Changes in The Blood of Sheep From Foetal to Postnatal Life

Foetal and postnatal packed cell volume percentages and whole blood, plasma, and erythrocyte potassium and sodium concentrations have been studied in the sheep.

Sodium and potassium in erythrocytes of adult and fetal goats

Sodium and potassium concentrations in the erythrocytes of adult and fetal goats were estimated by flame photometry. In the fetus there is a higher potassium and a lower sodium concentration than in the adult. The mean fetal potassium concentration is 104.8 mEq/l. of red cells and the sodium 15.8; the maternal values are 68.4 and 35.4, respectively. Pregnancy does not appear to alter the sodium and potassium concentrations in adult goat erythrocytes. Moreover, the fetal levels show no change with advancing gestation, from the 52nd to the 142nd day. The sodium and potassium gradients between the red blood cells and the plasma in fetal blood are higher than in maternal blood and suggest the possibility of an increased energy expenditure by fetal erythrocytes. The findings lend support to the hypothesis that the ionic environment within the red cell is one of the factors contributing to the differences between the oxygen dissociation curves of fetal and maternal whole blood.