Erosion Depth Research Articles

Reconstruction of remodeling units reveals positive effects after 2 and 12months of romosozumab treatment.

Romosozumab treatment results in a transient early increase in bone formation and sustained decrease in bone resorption. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that the primary bone-forming effect of romosozumab is a transient early stimulation of modeling-based bone formation on cancellous and endocortical surfaces. Furthermore, preclinical studies have demonstrated that romosozumab may affect changes in the remodeling unit, resulting in positive bone balance. To further investigate the effects of romosozumab on bone balance, mo 12 (M12) and mo 2 (M2) (to analyze early effects) unpaired bone biopsies from the FRAME clinical trial were analyzed using remodeling site reconstruction to assess whether positive changes in bone balance on cancellous/endocortical surfaces may contribute to the progressive improvement in bone mass/structure and reduced fracture risk in osteoporotic women at high fracture risk. At M12, bone balance was higher with romosozumab vs placebo on cancellous (+6.1 vs +1.5μm; P =.012) and endocortical (+5.2 vs -1.7μm; P =.02) surfaces; higher bone balance was due to lower final erosion depth (40.7 vs 43.7μm; P =.05) on cancellous surfaces and higher completed wall thickness (50.8 vs 47.5μm; P =.037) on endocortical surfaces. At M2, the final erosion depth was lower on the endocortical surfaces (42.7 vs 50.7μm; P =.021) and was slightly lower on the cancellous surfaces (38.5 vs 44.6μm; P =.11) with romosozumab vs placebo. Sector analysis of early endocortical formative sites revealed higher osteoid thickness (29.9 vs 19.2μm; P = .005) and mineralized wall thickness (18.3 vs 11.9μm; P =.004) with romosozumab vs placebo. These evolving bone packets may reflect the early stimulation of bone formation that contributes to the increase in completed wall thickness at M12. These data suggest that romosozumab induces a positive bone balance due to its effects on bone resorption and formation at the level of the remodeling unit, contributing to the positive effects on bone mass, structure, and fracture risk.

Experiments of Main Parameters Affecting the Erosive Behavior of Self-Excited Oscillating Abrasive Water Jets: Length of Self-Oscillation Chamber, Jet Pressure, Abrasive Fluid Velocity, and Abrasive Grain Size.

To enhance the erosion efficiency in traditional abrasive water jet processing, an abrasive water jet processing method based on self-excited fluid oscillation is proposed. Traditional abrasive water jet methods suffer from reduced jet kinetic energy due to the presence of a stagnation layer, which hinders efficient material removal. By integrating a self-oscillation chamber into the conventional abrasive water jet nozzle, the continuous jet is transformed into a pulsed jet, thereby increasing the jet velocity and enhancing the kinetic energy of the process. This modification aims to improve material removal efficiency. Using Ansys Fluent, we simulated the material removal efficiency on workpiece surfaces with varying lengths of self-oscillation chambers. The simulation results reveal that the optimal length of the self-oscillation chamber for maximum erosion is 4 mm. SiC materials were used to evaluate the impact of self-oscillation chamber length (L), jet pressure (P), abrasive flow rate (M), and abrasive grain size (D) on erosion. Experimental results show that the self-oscillation chamber increases erosion depth by 33 μm. The maximum erosion depths recorded were 167 μm when L = 4 mm, 223 μm when P = 16 MPa, 193 μm when M = 80 g/min, and 268 μm when D = 2000 μm. Overall, the self-excited oscillation effect enhances the erosion efficiency of the waterjet by 14%. This study further elucidates the factors influencing erosion behaviors in oscillating abrasive water jet processing.

Stability of two-class armour berm breakwaters: An experimental study

The recession of a berm breakwater is a key parameter in ensuring its stability, and functionality, to protect coastal areas against wave impacts. Consequently, consideration of the expected recession in structural design is required to ensure the required objectives of the structure. In this study, physical model laboratory experiments were conducted to measure the recession of two-class armour berm breakwaters in response to varying sea state conditions (wave height, wave period, storm duration, and water depth at the structure's toe) and geometrical parameters (berm elevation from still water level, berm width, and rock size). A total of 110 tests were conducted under irregular wave forcing and the results were compared with those of existing formulae, derived specifically for mass armour and Icelandic-type berm breakwaters. Of the existing formulae, the Sigurdarson and Van der Meer (2013) formula that is derived for both mass armour and Icelandic-type berm breakwater outperforms the other formulas. Subsequently, a new empirical formula was developed to estimate the erosion depth based on the dimensionless water depth. The findings from this study could be instrumental for the structural design of two-class armour berm breakwaters under different sea states and geometrical configurations.

Study on the microscopic transmission characteristics and coupled erosion depth of tailings recycled concrete under the coupling effect of carbonization and salt-fog

In ocean and salt-lake district, especially in some industrial areas, concrete structures suffer from the coupling erosion of carbonation and salt-fog. As an eco-friendly material, tailings recycled concrete(TRC) has been used to its alleviate the deterioration of living environment. Based on series of physical and chemical equations of hydration, carbonization and salt-fog erosion, this paper introduces parameters such as hydration rate, carbonization rate and Friedel salt degradation coefficient. Then，a comprehensive analysis method that can reflect the erosion performance of TRC quantitatively is established, and the microscopic transmission characteristics and erosion depth calculation method under coupling effect are studied. The results indicate that aggregates have a “blocking effect” on the diffusion of corrosive substances, resulting in higher concentration around the front edge of aggregates, and the erosion of salt-fog plays a leading role under the coupling effect. Overall, the CO2 concentration decays faster than that of Cl−. The longer the erosion age, the higher the CaCO3 content, while the content of CH and CSH is approximately inversely proportional to that of CaCO3. In addition, the method for determining the depth of carbonation and salt-fog erosion under coupling effect is studied, and the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental values. It shows that the coupling erosion depth is greater than that under single erosion, which leads to the salt-fog erosion depth increased by about 30 %, the longer the erosion age, the greater the erosion depth. The effect of iron ore tailings(IOT) on coupled erosion depth is similar to that of single erosion. The results also show that the coupled erosion performance of TRC can be analyzed by using the model proposed in the paper.

Diffusion law of sulfate ions in coral aggregate seawater concrete in the marine environment

Abstract To investigate the diffusion of sulfate ions in coral seawater concrete under the mechanism of the wetting–drying cycle of sulfate solution, the concentration of sulfate ions in coral concrete at different depths under different cycling cycles was tested in this experiment. Finite-element numerical simulations were then carried out using COMSOL software. The results showed that the sulfate ion concentration in the concrete at the same depth increased steadily with time, and the erosion depth also increased. The numerical simulations successfully reproduced the diffusion of sulfate ions in coral seawater concrete under the mechanism of the wetting–drying cycle of sulfate solutions.

Investigation of the influence of bridge support configurations on local bottom erosion when changing the flow direction on the approach to the bridge crossing structures

The analysis of the impact of bridge crossings is based on calculated studies of local erosion on the Belaya River section in the alignment of Vorovsky Street in Ufa in 2021, where a new bridge crossing is currently planned to be commissioned. Due to the complexity of the process of interaction of the turbulent flow with the geometric design of the supports. The main criteria of the analysis are the shape and width of the bridge supports, as well as the direction of flow relative to the bridge support. The results showed possible changes in the depth of local erosion at the approaches to the bridge. In order to simplify the calculation and to find the greatest criteria affecting the effective indicator of local erosion, a factor analysis of the obtained values was performed in the work.

Experimental study on wave attenuation and beach profile evolution under the protection of submerged flexible vegetation

Coastal protection methods are evolving from hard engineering techniques to natural enhancement approaches. Aquatic vegetation provides an environmentally friendly solution by effectively dissipating waves and resisting erosion. Laboratory flume experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of submerged flexible vegetation on the regular wave attenuation and cross-shore profiles on the artificial plane beach under varying hydraulic conditions. Variations in the waveform, wave spectrum, and wave height were analysed in the vegetation zone. Results show vegetation distorts the waveform and accelerates the attenuation process of the wave energy, and wave height evolution behaves differently from the theoretically obtained attenuation by Mendez and Losada (2004) due to the underestimating vegetation-induced attenuation and neglecting sediment-induced attenuation. Additionally, the formation process of the winter and summer profiles of the vegetated beach was analysed by the screenshots. Regenerated wave breaking becomes more apparent with increasing wave periods. The critical surf similarity parameter of the vegetated beaches was found to be lower than that of a smooth, impermeable slope because of the energy dissipation. Vegetation did not alter the type of the beach profiles, as compared to the final profiles and their characteristic parameters of the unvegetated beaches. Instead, it reduced the erosion depth and brought the eroded area closer to the shoreline. Dimensionless parameters were formulated to characterize the response of the cross-shore beach profile under the shelter of flexible vegetation, and an empirical equation about maximum erosion depth was developed within the scope of the experiment.

The role of sawtooth-shaped nano riblets on nanobubble dynamics and collapse-induced erosion near solid boundary

In this research, surfaces inspired by shark skin were engineered for aluminum (Al) slabs to investigate the influences of riblets on the collapse dynamics of nanobubbles and the resultant erosion on the slab surfaces. These effects were probed through molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, surfaces with flat profiles as well as those with small and high sawtooth-shaped nano riblets were modelled for analysis. Near the flat surface, due to the absence of riblets, the water nanohammer, with its semi-spherical shape containing water beads under approximately 30 GPa pressure and 5000 K temperature, impulse the Al slab, transferring both temperature and pressure, thereby inducing maximum erosion. Conversely, surfaces containing riblets separate some parts of water vortices, leading to a shorter collapse time of the nanobubble and the creation of a water nanohammer with a smaller volume compared to their values near a flat surface. Moreover, due to the initial impulse of the water nanohammer to the peak of the riblet, the nanohammer splits into two or three inclined shapes. Then, they diagonally impact the main part of the Al slab, resulting in erosion. The decentralization and diagonal impulse of the water nanohammer in the presence of riblets create a lower erosion volume and depth compared to these values on a flat surface. In summary, it can be inferred that riblets can serve as a passive control method for managing erosion, thereby increasing the lifetime of hulls for ships or submarines.

Erosion Potential of Stabilized Support Layers for Concrete Pavements and Overlays

The performance of concrete pavements and overlays is highly dependent on the uniformity, durability, and stability of the underlying support layers. Erosion of support layers can lead to pavement distresses and a reduction in pavement life. A review of existing erodibility performance tests that assessed stabilized support layers was first conducted to identify and evaluate their suitability for adaptation. The Hamburg wheel tracking device (HWTD) test was selected to assess the erosion potential of asphalt and cement stabilized support layers. Field testing with distress surveys, falling weight deflectometer, and coring was completed to obtain HWTD specimens and link laboratory results to pavement performance. The HWTD test was performed on cores obtained from in-service cement and asphalt stabilized support layers, a cold in-place recycling (CIR) mixture, and cement stabilized laboratory mixtures. As expected, an increase in cement content within cement stabilized mixtures decreases the likelihood of erosion with the HWTD. Additionally, conventional asphalt stabilized base layers were highly erosion resistant. Erosion resistant cement stabilized bases (including full-depth reclamation) should target an average HWTD erosion depth ≤2 to 4 mm (0.08 to 0.16 in.) after 10,000 load cycles based on the functional classification and expected traffic volume of the pavement section. Likewise, asphalt stabilized bases (including CIR and support layers for concrete overlays) should target an average HWTD erosion depth ≤12.5 mm (0.5 in.) after 7,500 load cycles with performance grade 64 binder.

Effects of bed pumice content on lahar erosion: An example from Changbaishan volcano, China

Understanding the erosion of sediments by lahars contributes to future modeling and hazard assessment. However, studying the erosion mechanism of lahars in the field is challenging due to their suddenness and danger. We conducted a series of experiments to investigate the erosion associated with five different bed sediments (with a volume percentage of pumice ranging from 3%–32%), four channel slopes and released flows with four different discharges. The experiments showed that a pumice content of 32% in the erodible bed induces significant changes in the flow dynamics, erosion patterns, and erosion intensity of lahars. The maximum flow depth and mean velocity of lahars are positively related to the channel slope and discharge and inversely related to the pumice content. The initial peak erosion depth appears at the front of the erodible bed or slightly downstream, with additional erosion peaks occurring in the middle and lower reaches of the bed. The maximum erosion depth shifts from downstream to upstream as the pumice content increases. The erosion intensity of lahars exhibits a positive correlation with the bed pumice content, channel slope, discharge, and shear stress. Increasing the pumice content reduces the bed resistance and enhances the collisional stress and erosion wave effect of lahars, thus intensifying erosion. The pumice upwelling and erosion wave effect result in an irregular profile in the erodible bed. A new entrainment formula for erodible bed containing pumice was developed based on flume tests and theoretical analysis. This study helps to understand the effects of bed composition on lahar erosion and provides new insights into lahar erosion mechanism.

Solid–Liquid Two-Phase Flowmeter Flow-Passage Wall Erosion Evolution Characteristics and Calibration of Measurement Accuracy

Solid–liquid two-phase flowmeters are widely used in critical sectors, such as petrochemicals, energy, manufacturing, the environment, and various other fields. They are indispensable devices for measuring flow. Currently, research has primarily focused on gas–liquid two-phase flow within the flowmeter, giving limited attention to the impact of solid phases. In practical applications, crude oil frequently contains solid particles and other impurities, leading to equipment deformation and a subsequent reduction in measuring accuracy. This paper investigates how particle dynamic parameters affect the erosion evolution characteristics of flowmeters operating in solid–liquid two-phase conditions, employing the dynamic boundary erosion prediction method. The results indicate that the erosion range and peak erosion position on the overcurrent wall of the solid–liquid two-phase flowmeter vary with different particle dynamic parameters. Erosion mainly occurs at the contraction section of the solid–liquid two-phase flowmeter. When the particle inflow velocity increases, the erosion range shows no significant change, but the peak erosion position shifts to the right, primarily due to the evolution of the erosion process. With an increase in particle diameter, the erosion range expands along the inlet direction due to turbulent diffusion, as particles with lower kinetic energy exhibit better followability. There is no significant change in the erosion range and peak erosion position with an increase in particle volume fraction and particle sphericity. With a particle inflow velocity of 8.4 m/s, the maximum erosion depth reaches 750 μm. In contrast, at a particle sphericity of 0.58, the minimum erosion depth is 251 μm. Furthermore, a particle volume fraction of 0.5 results in a maximum flow coefficient increase of 1.99 × 10−3.

Erosion depth prediction of chloride ions under stray current using FEM based CNNs

Stray currents can accelerate the transport of corrosive ions, especially Cl−, in concrete materials, which is very detrimental to structural safety. Effectively predicting the erosion depth of Cl− is crucial for evaluating structural safety. This article is based on a finite element model and verifies the erosion depth of Cl− under different voltages, Cl− concentrations, and corrosion time through experimental data. A polynomial was used to fit the quantitative relationship between erosion depth, Cl− concentrations, and corrosion time under single voltage condition. However, this formula only applies to a single voltage and has too many parameters. Therefore, this article also established a CNNs regression model to predict the depth of Cl−, and the results showed the multiple regression ability of CNNs. It has been proven that CNNs can accurately predict the erosion depth, which helps to accurately evaluate structural safety. After comparing experimental values, CNNs, ResNet, and ResNet-attention, it was found that residual networks and attention mechanisms did not significantly improve the prediction accuracy of deep networks, which may be related to insufficient data volume. After expanding the dataset, ResNet performed the best overall, and ResNet-attention had better testing performance, which is related to the powerful feature extraction ability of the attention mechanism.

Chloride Ion Penetration Resistance of Reactive Powder Concrete with Mineral Admixtures

This study employed the rapid chloride ion penetration test and the salt spray erosion method to examine electric flux changes in mineral-admixed reactive powder concrete (RPC). Variations in the chloride ion content and diffusion coefficient under different erosion durations and depths were also investigated. The impact of mineral admixtures on the chloride penetration resistance was explored. Notably, after mixing fly ash (FA) and granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), the electric flux values of RPC of each group were significantly reduced, and the electric flux values of RPC of the mixed group were significantly lower than those of the single mixed group and the reference group, in which the electric flux of FA10G10 was reduced by 85.2% compared to the control group; at the same erosion cycle and depth, the chloride ion content and diffusion coefficient of the mixed group were significantly lower than the control group. It shows that the reasonable compounding of mineral admixtures can better exert the "superposition effect", improve the compactness inside the matrix, and effectively reduce the chloride ion penetration rate. Considering comprehensively, the FA10G10 group has the best chloride penetration ion resistance effect.

Chloride Corrosion Process of Concrete with Different Water-Binder Ratios under Variable Temperature Drying-Wetting Cycles.

In this paper, four water-binder ratios (w/b) of 0.29, 0.33, 0.39, and 0.46 were designed. A variable test temperature was implemented in the drying-wetting cycle test according to the temperature fluctuations in the actual service environment, and the constant temperature test was established as the control group. The mechanical properties and chloride corrosion resistance of concrete with different w/b ratios under variable temperature drying-wetting cycles, as well as the microstructure changes, phase composition, and damage mechanism inside the concrete, were investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of concrete increased first and then decreased with drying-wetting cycles increasing, whereas the chloride corrosion resistance continued to decline. A higher w/b exacerbated the deterioration of the concrete performance. A higher w/b increased the porosity, chloride diffusion depth, and chloride content, thus reducing the resistance of chloride corrosion. Compared with w/b = 0.29, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, mass, and relative dynamic elasticity modulus of w/b = 0.46 exposed to 60 drying-wetting cycles decreased by 54.50%, 52.44%, 0.96%, and 6.50%, respectively, while the porosity, peak chloride content, and erosion depth increased by 45.12%, 70.45%, and 45.00%. Compared with the drying-wetting cycle with a constant temperature, the cumulative damage caused by the drying-wetting cycle with a variable temperature was greater, resulting in more severe deterioration of concrete performance. The increase in the test temperature significantly accelerated the diffusion rate, penetration depth, and chemical binding capacity of chloride ions. After 60 drying-wetting cycles, the peak chlorine content and erosion depth of w/b = 0.46 under variable temperature cycles were 15.38% and 10.32% higher than those under a constant temperature, while the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, mass, and relative dynamic elastic modulus were reduced by 7.76%, 14.81%, 0.33%, and 2.40%, respectively. Microscopic analysis confirmed that higher w/b and variable temperature cycles accelerated the decay of mechanical properties and the decline of chloride corrosion resistance. According to the numerical fitting analysis, the w/b should be 0.29~0.39 under the condition that the mechanical properties and chloride corrosion resistance of concrete are met.

Prediction of erosion defects and buckling pressure of pipe bend based on bidirectional fluid-structure interaction method

In this study, a bidirectional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method was proposed based on dynamic mesh technology to calculate the erosion defects of pipe bends under high pressure. In calculating the erosion rate of pipe bends, a stress erosion model was adopted, and the displacement and stress of the inner wall of pipe bend under high external pressure were considered. The influence of different parameters on the calculation results of erosion depth was discussed, and the buckling pressure and collapse mode of pipe bend under the erosion defect of liquid-solid flow were also studied. The proposed method can be used for predicting pipeline erosion defects under high pressure and evaluating the remaining limit load of pipelines with such erosion defects.

Experimental investigation of cohesive soil erosion and suspension caused by a Coandă-effect-based polymetallic-nodule collector

Coandă-effect-based collection stands out as the foremost technology in polymetallic-nodule mining due to the absence of direct contact between the collector and the ocean floor. Yet, this collection method disturbs the ocean floor, and minimizing such disturbance is crucial from an environmental viewpoint. To this end, a solid understanding of the interplay between the collector and the sediment bed is required. Therefore, we carried out a series of small-scale experiments, where a collector drives over a subaqueous clayey bed. These experiments provide the very first quantitative data on cohesive sediment erosion caused by a moving Coandă-effect-based collector, as well as on turbidity currents generated behind the collector head. This paper discusses the observations and findings derived from these experiments. Our findings reveal a logarithmic relationship between erosion depth and the flow impinging force applied on the clayey bed. An increased flow rate in the collection duct results in a slower turbidity current generated behind the collector head. This study enhances the ability to forecast sediment erosion caused by Coandă-effect-based collectors, offering the possibility to optimize the collector operational conditions and minimize the magnitude of the resulting sediment plumes.

Simulation of Bed Change in Al-Musayyab Canal using HEC-RAS Software

This study focuses on the simulation of the bed change and total sediment concentration in the Al-Musayyab Canal, which is a vital irrigation system located in the central region of Iraq, using HEC-RAS V 6.3 software. The 49.5 km canal, with 13 branches, faces challenges from sediment influx originating from the Euphrates River. The primary objective is to analyze sedimentation, erosion patterns, and sediment discharge variations to support effective canal management. Field sampling collected suspended and bed load samples for laboratory tests, providing input data for the sediment transport model. Simulation results show steady flow water surface elevations ranging from 26.32 to 33.16 m.a.s.l, with velocities from 0.24 to 0.98 m/s. Significant sediment deposition and erosion variations are observed as data for 2019 and 2020 are analyzed. Notable changes in the canal's invert levels occurred in both years, with maximum deposition depths reaching 14 cm in 2019 and 21 cm in 2020. Erosion depths ranged from 3 to 15 cm in 2019 and 5 to 25 cm in 2020. The total sediment discharge for 2019 in the Al-Musayyab Canal amounted to 17 tons/day, while 22 tons/day in 2020.

River Erosion Impact on Transport Infrastructure in "Gilort River Nature2000 site", Romania

River erosion is a complex process due to multiple factors, such as climate changes, discharge quantity, the type of transported sediments, and variations in the hydrological regime. This paper aims to analyse river erosion's impact on transport elements' stability (especially on bridges). To do so, a Geomorphic Change Detection analysis was used, which involves calculating the altitude differences between two successive digital models, as a basis for calculating surfaces and volumes of sediments displaced through the erosion process. This analysis was doubled by a series of cross-sections in the proximity of bridges to observe the current river bed configuration and identify the active processes. The variation of these processes is directly dependent on human interventions undertaken to reduce the erosion process and to protect the infrastructure elements. The bridges located in the studied area are in different stages of damage by lateral and depth erosion processes, depending on their intensity and the human interventions made to protect these bridges. The least affected are the bridges where complex measures have been taken (construction of bed sills) or the dynamic processes have a low intensity.

Tidal Flat Erosion Processes and Their Dynamic Mechanisms on the South Side of Sheyang River Estuary, Jiangsu Province

Tidal flats are accumulations of fine-grained sediment formed under the action of tides and play a very important role in coastal protection. The northern part of Jiangsu coast, as a typical example of muddy coasts found all over the world, has experienced serious erosion since the Yellow River shifted northward, and the range of erosion has been gradually extending southward, now reaching the south of the Sheyang River estuary (SYRE). In order to address coastal erosion near the SYRE through protective measures, there is an urgent need for research on the spatial and temporal variation of coastal erosion processes and their control mechanisms in the SYRE and adjacent coastal areas. For this study, the tidal flats on the south side of the SYRE were selected as the study area, and the sediment dynamics in the upper and lower intertidal flat were observed in different seasons to investigate the erosion processes and their dynamic mechanisms. The results show that the tidal current and wave action in the observed intertidal flats are stronger in winter than in summer, and these intertidal flats erode under the combined action of waves and currents. During winter, the net transport of the near-bottom suspended sediment and bedload is primarily towards the southeast, while in summer, the direction tends toward the north and northeast. The net transport fluxes are larger in the lower part of the intertidal flat than in the upper part in summer and also larger in winter than in summer within the lower intertidal flat. Furthermore, the tidal flat erosion in the study area manifests as shoreline retreat and flat surface erosion. The average shoreline retreat rate increased from 23.3 m/a during 2014–2019 to 43.5 m/a during 2019–2021, and the average erosion depth of the lower and upper parts of the intertidal flat over a tidal cycle is, respectively, 1.98 cm and 0.24 cm in winter and 1.65 cm and 0.26 cm in summer. The ratio of the wave-induced bottom shear stress to the tidal current-induced bottom shear stress is 0.40~0.46 in the lower intertidal flat and increases to 0.66~0.67 in the upper intertidal flat, indicating that the intertidal flat erosion in the study area is primarily driven by tidal currents, with significant contributions from wave action, especially in the upper intertidal flat.

Biogeochemical dynamics in a marine storm demonstrates differences between natural and anthropogenic impacts

This study explores the impact of a wind storm on sediment resuspension and marine biogeochemical dynamics. Additionally, the storm took place during an expedition researching bottom trawling, enabling the direct comparison of certain natural and fisheries-related disturbances. The storm was initiated by a decline in atmospheric pressure and a 2 h period of gale force winds, which was followed by over 40 h of elevated bottom currents. Storm induced turbidity, potentially a cumulative post-fishing impact, was remarkably higher compared to what was observed in a recent trawling event. Storm-induced mixing and movement of water masses led to decreased silicate and increased phosphate concentrations in the water column, accompanied by lower salinity and higher fluorescence. The erosion depth of the seabed averaged around 0.3 cm during the peak turbidity period. Trawl-induced erosion in the area has been measured at over twice that depth, and has been linked to intermittent reductions in near-bed oxygen levels. In contrast, storm-induced turbidity coincided with increased oxygen due to wave mixing, suggesting inherent differences in how trawling and storms can oxidize reduced substances. These findings suggest that storms have a greater regional impact, whereas the local impacts of bottom trawling on biogeochemistry can be more significant.