Eriosema Chinense Research Articles

Biodiversity and Healing: Exploring the medicinal potential of wild edible plants abundant in antioxidants

Wild edible plants (WEPs) are rich in antioxidants with a history of traditional medicinal use. This study aimed to find the most efficient polyphenol extraction solvent from WEPs, including Lasia spinosa, Eriosema chinense, Nasturtium indicum, Begonia hatacoa, and Embelia floribunda, for pharmaceutical and drug industry applications. Polyphenols, crucial antioxidants, were meticulously analyzed via RP-HPLC. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol levels were measured with four solvents. 80% aqueous (aq.) ethanol proved the most effective, surpassing solvents of varying polarities. The plants exhibited high total phenolics and flavonols, notably gallic acid (30.78±1.67 µg/mg dry extract) and syringic acid (32.03±1.89 µg/mg dry extract) in 80% Aq. ethanol extract of E. floribunda. Correlation analyses revealed strong connections between parameters, with 80% Aq. ethanol and acetone showing the highest correlation values (r and R2), indicating their exceptional polyphenol extraction and antioxidant potential. The principal component analysis emphasized the pharmaceutical potential of WEPs, particularly E. floribunda's 80% Aq. ethanol extract due to its phenolic and polyphenolic content. In conclusion, 80% of ethanol extracts of these plants outperform synthetic derivatives in antioxidant activity, making them promising for pharmaceutical and drug product development with enhanced natural antioxidant properties.

Analysing the impact of eriosematin E from Eriosema chinense Vogel. against different diarrhoeagenic pathovars of Escherichia coli using in silico and in vitro approach

Since diarrhoea is reportedly the third largest cause of fatality among kids, therefore it is considered to be one of the major areas of concerns among developing nations. The main causative agents of diarrhoea include Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, and Shigella spp where E. coli shares the maximum contribution. The roots of the plant Eriosema chinense Vogel. (Fabaceae) are traditionally used by the native tribes of Meghalaya, India to treat diarrhoea. From previous reports, the plant and its marker eriosematin E have been reported to have antidiarrhoeal potential against pathogenic and nonpathogenic diarrhoea. Therefore, the objective of the current investigation was to use in silico studies to determine the efficacy of eriosematin E against different diarrhoeagenic strains of E. coli. Six different pathovars of E. coli i.e. enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) were subjected to docking simulation studies utilizing Glide module of Schrodinger Maestro 2018-1 MM Share Version. Based on the obtained binding energy and balance between H-bonding, hydrophobic, and salt bridge interactions eriosematin E was found to be most effective against EPEC followed by EAEC and ETEC, while UPEC and EHEC were moderately affected. The molecular dynamics studies suggested a higher affinity of eriosematin E towards heat-labile enterotoxin b-pentamer from ETEC. The in vitro antibacterial studies against the universal strain S. aureus 12981 and E. coli 10418 revealed the effectiveness of eriosematin E showing MIC values of ≥256 µg/mL. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Nutritional and toxicological aspects of selected wild edible plants and significance for this society

Consumption of wild edible plants has played a significant role in supplying food and nutritional requirements and increasing the health status of underprivileged communities in many rural parts of the world. The present investigation was to evaluate the nutritive value, mineral content, vitamin content, and toxicological status of ten wild edible plants viz. Phlogocanthus thrysiflorus, Lasia spinosa, Eriosema chinense, Polygonum microcephalum, Nasturtium indicum, Spinacia oleracea, Malva parviflora, Leucaena leucocephala, Elsholtzia blanda, and Sonchus oleraceus, consumed by the tribal people of Meghalaya State in India, as their nourishment. All investigated plants were collected from different areas of Meghalaya state, and their nutraceutical potential was evaluated following the standard food analysis methods described in the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Protein contents were very high in several species, especially in N. indicum (24.75%). Carbohydrate content ranged from 5.86% (S. oleracea) to 21.28% (E. chinense). All plants contained significant amounts of minerals (Na, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg), and water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C (0.24–5.79 mg/100 g of dry plant material), B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 and B9. Antinutrients such as oxalate, phytate, saponin and heavy metal (Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg) levels in all plants were estimated below fatal levels. The consequences of haemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of water extracts of wild edible plants ensure safety for human consumption. Therefore, this study focuses on the utilization of wild edible plants as a source of dietary supplements, which may result in the commercialization of the produce; hence, it assesses consumer perceptions towards wild edible plants in India.

Identifying the mechanism of eriosematin E from Eriosema chinense Vogel. for its antidiarrhoeal potential against Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhoea using in vitro, in vivo and in silico models

The main objective of the present investigation was to mechanistically evaluate the potency of the root extract (EEC), its bioactive chloroform fraction (CEC) and eriosematin E (ECM) isolated from Eriosema chinense against Shigella flexneri-induced sub-chronic model of infectious diarrhoea using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods. The in vitro antibacterial activity against pathogenic strain of S. flexneri demonstrated maximum effect of ECM followed by CEC and EEC in inhibiting growth of bacteria. Further, for in vivo evaluation, was carried out by inducing diarrhoea to the rats by administering oral suspension of S. flexneri to the animals, which was followed by treatment for a period of 6 days. EEC at 200, CEC at 100 and ECM at 10 mg/kg, p.o. showed promising effect, where EEC and ECM were found to be more effective showing maximum % protection on 6th day. Results also demonstrated a significant restoration of altered antioxidants, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) expression, electrolyte balance, Na+/K+–ATPase activity and was also supported by histopathological examinations. Molecular docking study revealed that, eriosematin E inactivated the protease activity of SepA, a protein secreted by Shigella, which is responsible for disruption of epithelial barrier integrity. Thus, the overall observation confirmed the role of eriosematin E from E. chinense in treatment of Shigella flexneri-induced infectious diarrhoea.

The potency of eriosematin E from Eriosema chinense Vogel. against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli induced diarrhoea using preclinical and molecular docking studies

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of eriosematin E (ECM) isolated from the roots of Eriosema chinense against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) induced diarrhoea. ECM isolated from the bioactive chloroform fraction of E. chinense was subjected to antidiarrhoeal evaluation on rats against diarrhoea, induced by the oral suspension of EPEC. The study included evaluation of behavioral parameters for 6 h and up to 24 h of induction, followed by estimation of water content, the density of EPEC in stools and evaluation of various blood parameters. Further, the colonic and small intestinal tissues were subjected to biochemical estimations, antioxidant evaluation, determination of ion concentration, Na+/K+ –ATPase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines assessment and histopathology. Finally, the impact of ECM on Na+/K+–ATPase was studied through molecular docking studies. Significant antidiarrhoeal potential of ECM was demonstrated at 5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o., however, ECM at 10 mg/kg, p.o. was found to be more effective, as confirmed through higher % protection, density of EPEC in stools and water content of stools. ECM also significantly increased the level of WBC, Hb, platelets and revealed restoration of altered antioxidants, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) status and also reactivated the suppressed Na+/K+–ATPase activity, which was also confirmed through docking studies showing H-bonding of hydroxyl group of ECM with amino acids Asp 190, Asn 167 and Glu 169 thus, maintaining proper electrolyte balance and also prevented epithelial tissue damage. The overall effect of ECM may be attributed to the decline in the elevated level of cytokines, inhibition in nitric oxide production and reactivation of Na+/K+–ATPase activity resulting in reduced intestinal secretion.

A Review on the Phytochemistry, Medicinal Properties and Pharmacological Activities of 15 Selected Myanmar Medicinal Plants.

Medicinal plants are a reservoir of biologically active compounds with therapeutic properties that over time have been reported and used by diverse groups of people for treatment of various diseases. This review covers 15 selected medicinal plants distributed in Myanmar, including Dalbergia cultrata, Eriosema chinense, Erythrina suberosa, Millettia pendula, Sesbania grandiflora, Tadehagi triquetrum, Andrographis echioides, Barleria cristata, Justicia gendarussa, Premna integrifolia, Vitex trifolia, Acacia pennata, Cassia auriculata, Croton oblongifolius and Glycomis pentaphylla. Investigation of the phytochemical constituents, biological and pharmacological activities of the selected medicinal plants is reported. This study aims at providing a collection of publications on the species of selected medicinal plants in Myanmar along with a critical review of the literature data. As a country, Myanmar appears to be a source of traditional drugs that have not yet been scientifically investigated. This review will be support for further investigations on the pharmacological activity of medicinal plant species in Myanmar.

Antidiarrheal potential of Eriosema chinense vogel. against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced infectious diarrhea

Background: The plant Eriosema chinense Vogel (Fabaceae) is mainly found in the Eastern Himalayan regions of India and China, and its roots are used traditionally by the tribal people of Meghalaya (India) in treatment of diarrhea. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential of roots from E. chinense against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)-induced infectious diarrhea. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of E. chinense (EEC) roots and its chloroform fraction (CEC) were standardized with eriosematin E using high-performance liquid chromatography. The efficacy of EEC (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and CEC (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated against EPEC-induced infectious diarrhea, where behavioral parameters at the 6th and 24th h followed by determination of water content and density of EPEC in stools along with blood parameters examination. Further, the colonic and small intestinal tissues were subjected to biochemical analysis, antioxidant evaluation, determination of ion concentration, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and histopathology. Results:The results demonstrated a significant antidiarrheal potential of EEC and CEC at both dose levels; however, EEC at 200 and CEC at 100 mg/kg p.o. were found to be more effective, which also reduced EPEC density in stools and also its water content. The treatment also demonstrated a significant restoration of altered antioxidant and electrolyte status and reactivated Na+/K+-ATPase and prevented epithelial tissue damage. Conclusion: The effect may be attributed to an inhibition in intestinal secretion, nitric oxide production, and reactivation of Na+/K+-ATPase.

Molecular characterization of novel Bradyrhizobium strains nodulating Eriosema chinense and Flemingia vestita, important unexplored native legumes of the sub-Himalayan region (Meghalaya) of India

Root nodule bacterial strains were isolated from the little-studied legumes Eriosema chinense and Flemingia vestita (both in tribe Phaseoleae, Papilionoideae) growing in acidic soil of the sub-Himalayan region of the Indian state of Meghalaya (ME), and were identified as novel strains of Bradyrhizobium on the basis of their 16S rRNA sequences. Seven isolates selected on the basis of phenotypic characters and assessment of ARDRA and RAPD patterns were subjected to multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using four protein-coding housekeeping genes (glnII, recA, dnaK and gyrB). On the basis of 16S rRNA phylogeny as well as a concatenated MLSA five strains clustered in a single separate clade and two strains formed novel lineages within the genus Bradyrhizobium. The phylogenies of the symbiotic genes (nodA and nifH) were in agreement with the core gene phylogenies. It appears that genetically diverse Bradyrhizobium strains are the principal microsymbionts of these two important native legumes. The novel genotypes of Bradyrhizobium strains isolated in the present study efficiently nodulate the Phaseoloid crop species Glycine max, Vigna radiata and Vigna umbellata. These strains are genetically different from strains of Bradyrhizobium isolated earlier from a different agro-climatic region of India suggesting that the acidic nature of the soil, high precipitation and other local environmental conditions are responsible for the evolution of these newly-described Bradyrhizobium strains. In global terms, the sub-Himalayan region of India is geographically and climatically distinct and the Bradyrhizobium strains nodulating its legumes appear to be novel and potentially unique to the region.

Antidiarrhoeal activity of eriosematin E isolated from the roots of Eriosema chinense Vogel

Roots of the plant Eriosema chinense Vogel (Fabaceae) is distributed mainly over the Eastern Himalayan region of India and China. The roots of the plant are used as a vegetable by the people of Northern Australia, China and North East India and are used traditionally by the tribal people of Meghalaya (India) for the treatment of diarrhoea. It has been reported to have significant antidiarrhoeal, cytotoxic and antimycobacterial activity. The present investigation was undertaken to isolate a lead molecule responsible for the observed antidiarrhoeal activity. Eriosematin E, a prenylated flavanone, was isolated using column chromatography and was characterized by comparing its melting point and spectroscopic data (UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass Spectra) from literature. Eriosematin E (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg p.o.) was then screened for normal faecal excretion rate and castor oil-induced diarrhoea models in rats. Further, it was examined for small intestinal transit, intestinal fluid accumulation and PGE2 induced enteropooling models in rats. Biochemical estimations and Na+ and K+ concentration in intestinal fluid were also determined along with colonic histopathological studies. The results illustrated a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in normal faecal output at 10mg/kg p.o. after 5th and 7thh of treatment and also showed maximum protection of 69.43% from diarrhoea in the castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. Significant results were also observed at the maximum effective dose of eriosematin E (10mg/kg p.o.) in inhibiting peristaltic index (small intestinal transit) and reducing intestinal fluid volume of castor oil induced and PGE2 induced enteropooling models. Further, eriosematin E restored all the alterations in biochemical parameters such as nitric oxide, protein, DNA, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation. It also significantly recovered Na+ and K+ loss from body and confirmed its protective nature through the histopathological studies. The study corroborates the antidiarrhoeal potential of eriosematin E which may be attributed to its antisecretory and antioxidant potential.

Antidiarrhoeal Evaluation of Root Extract, Its Bioactive Fraction, and Lupinifolin Isolated from Eriosema chinense

The roots of the plant Eriosema chinense are traditionally used by the tribal people of North East India for treatment of diarrhoea. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to scientifically validate the traditional claim that these roots have an antidiarrhoeal effect. Ethanol extract along with three fractions, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane, as well as isolated lupinifolin from the chloroform fraction, were screened for the normal faecal excretion rate and castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. The results demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in normal faecal output at ethanol extract 400, chloroform fraction 100, chloroform fraction 200, and lupinifolin 10 mg/kg p. o. after the 3rd, 5th, and 7th hours of treatment. Also, the same dose level of ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and lupinifolin depicted maximum protection from diarrhoea in the castor oil-induced diarrhoea model showing a ceiling effect at chloroform fraction 100 mg/kg p. o. Ethanol extract at 400, its bioactive fraction chloroform fraction at 100, and lupinifolin at 10 mg/kg p. o. significantly inhibited peristaltic index, intestinal fluid volume, and PGE₂-induced enteropooling. They also restored alterations in biochemical parameters such as nitric oxide, total carbohydrates, protein, DNA, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and lipid peroxidation. The ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and lupinifolin demonstrated a significant recovery from Na+ and K+ loss and a pronounced antibacterial activity against bacterial strains mainly implicated in diarrhoea. Phytochemical analysis revealed the ethanol extract and chloroform fraction to be highly rich in flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and tannin contents, whereas lupinifolin (a prenylated flavanone), isolated and quantified by HPTLC for the first time, was found to comprise 6.480 % and 6.718 % (w/w) of the ethanol extract and chloroform fraction, respectively. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the chloroform fraction was found to be the highest, followed by those of the ethanol extract and lupinifolin, which may be due to the presence of lupinifolin along with other phytoconstituents. Thus, the study scientifically validated the antidiarrhoeal potential of the roots from E. chinense, which may be attributed to antimotility- and antisecretory-type effects with a potential antibacterial activity.

Quality control standardization and antioxidant activity of roots from Eriosema chinense

BackgroundRoots of the plant Eriosema chinense Vogel are used as a vegetable by the people of Northern Australia and North East India. Traditionally, the roots of the plant are used for the treatment of diarrhea by the tribal people of North East India. AimThe present study was undertaken to perform quality control standardization and to evaluate antioxidant activity of roots from Eriosema chinense. MethodsThe roots were examined macroscopically, microscopically and various physicochemical parameters were evaluated using standard guidelines. Further, quantitative estimations of different phytoconstituents along with standardization of ethanol extract with HPTLC using lupinifolin as a marker compound was also done. The extract was also evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using different experimental models. ResultsThe brown coloured bulb shaped, hairy roots showed the presence of cortical cells densely filled with tannins, lignified sclerenchymatous pericyclic fibers and central lignified xylem vessels with spiral thickening. Physicochemical parameters evaluated included ash values, extractive values, loss on drying, foaming index, swelling index, foreign matter, crude fiber content, pesticide residue and heavy metal analysis which were found to be in prescribed limits, Fluorescence powder drug analysis and total number of starch grains was also evaluated while total hemolytic activity was found to be moderate. Phytochemical screening of different extracts and quantitative estimations revealed the extract to be rich in carbohydrates, flavonoid, phenols and tannins, while lupinifolin quantified by HPTLC in ethanol extract was found to be 6.48% w/w. In vitro antioxidant studies depicted a potent antioxidant activity of extract that may be attributed to the presence of higher amount of flavonoids, phenols and tannins. ConclusionThe quality control standards obtained in the present study will provide referential information to researchers for proper identification and authentication of plant and will help in maintaining its pharmaceutical, botanical and economical importance.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Different Fractions from Roots of Eriosema chinense Vogel

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Different Fractions from Roots of Eriosema chinense Vogel

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Different Fractions from Roots of Eriosema chinense Vogel

Aim: The rootsof the plantEriosema chinense Vogel (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) is takenin the form of vegetable and is traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea by the tribal people of Meghalaya, In dia. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of d ifferent fractions from roots ofEriosema chinensealong with quantitative estimations of phytoconstituents. Study Design: Extraction, fractionation, analysis and antibacterial evaluation.

Cytotoxic and Antimycobacterial Prenylated Flavonoids from the Roots of Eriosema chinense

Eight new prenylated flavonoids, khonklonginols A-H (1-8), together with six known compounds including five flavonoids, lupinifolinol (9), dehydrolupinifolinol (10), flemichin D (11), eriosemaone A (12), and lupinifolin (13), and one lignan, yangambin (14), have been isolated from hexane and dichloromethane extracts of the roots of Eriosema chinense. The structures of 1-8 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the small-cell lung (NCI-H187) and oral epidermal carcinoma (KB) human cell lines as well as for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra.

Soh-phlong,Moghania vestita a leguminous root crop of India

Of the many edible tuberous legumes that occur wild in the humid tropical-subtropical regions of India — viz.,Eriosema chinense, Moghania tuberosa, M. vestita, Pueraria tuberosa andVigna capensis — onlyMoghania vestita is cultivated as a minor food crop. It is eaten raw by the tribals of the Khasi and Jaintia hills (Assam, India) and is grown by them in the mountainous tract between 1000 and 1600 m, in a landscape predominantly occupied byPinus khasya grassland mixed vegetation. Since no significant account of this root crop is available and no mention of it is made even in some of the recent compilations on economic plants (11, 13), a survey of current information dealing with its early history, cultivation, distribution and usage is presented here.