Equivalent Mean Research Articles

Evaluation of natural language processing models to measure similarity between scenarios written in Spanish

Requirements engineering is a critical phase in software development; it seeks to understand and document system requirements from early stages. Typically, requirements specification involves close collaboration between customers and development teams. Customers contribute their expertise in the domain language, while developers use more technical, computational terms. Despite these differences, achieving mutual understanding is crucial.One of the most widely used artifacts for this purpose is scenarios. In environments where multiple actors write scenarios, duplication is common. Thus, there is a need for mechanisms to detect similar scenarios and prevent redundancy. Inthis paper we empirically evaluate several pre-trained Natural Language Processing models to analyze the semantic similarity between scenarios in Spanish, identifying words or phrases with equivalent meanings. It is important to note that the analysis is performed in this language to contribute to the region.Finally, we present a tool that facilitates the creation of new scenarios by identifying potential similarities with existing ones. The tool supports multiple models, allowing users to select the most appropriate one to detect similar scenarios accurately during the definition process.

Kinematic Characteristics and Water Mass Transports of Submesoscale Coherent Vortices in the Northeastern South China Sea

AbstractAs a unique phenomenon occurring in the subsurface ocean, submesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs) are believed to have a pivotal role in the long‐distance ocean tracer transports. SCVs have been widely observed in the global oceans; however, most of them are captured accidentally, and their kinematic characteristics and water mass transports have only been studied in a limited number of regions. Here, we use 4‐year observations of velocity, temperature, and salinity from five moorings in the northeastern South China Sea (NESCS) to examine dozens of newly discovered SCVs. A total of 34 SCVs were identified during the observational period, including 25 convex lens‐like anticyclones and 9 concave lens‐like cyclones. The maximum swirl velocity, mean radius, and vertical length scale of the anticyclones (cyclones) are 0.19 ± 0.07 m s−1 (0.19 ± 0.07 m s−1), 26.4 ± 13.9 km (17.0 ± 5.4 km), and 204 ± 62 m (188 ± 53 m), respectively. Vertically, the velocity structure of the observed SCVs conforms to a Gaussian function when the effect of stratification is removed. Water mass analysis suggests that 88% (30/34) of the SCVs carried Kuroshio water, which demonstrates the mechanism proposed by Zhang et al. (2022), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jc018117 that they are formed by Kuroshio‐islands interactions in the Luzon Strait. This category of SCVs is therefore named Luzon Strait island wake eddies (Liddies). We further estimate that Liddies can result in an equivalent mean volume transport of 0.20 Sv westward across the Luzon Strait, which suggests that they play a non‐negligible role in the subsurface water transports between the NESCS and the northwestern Pacific.

Evaluating the Performance of the Carrot Slicer Machine

The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the carrot slicer machine. An experiment was conducted with a multi-factor factorial design under a randomized complete block design. Using the Statistix 8 software, the experiments' collected data were statistically examined. The analysis of variance indicated that the effects of machine speed and feed rate on throughput capacity, efficiency, and percentage loss of the machine were significant at the 5% probability level. The results of the least significance difference pairwise comparison tests revealed that the treatment combination means did not differ significantly from one another at the 5% level. The key physical properties of the carrot including moisture content, angle of repose, bulk density, porosity, coefficient of friction, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, equivalent mean diameter, sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were obtained as 84.3%, 39.4°, 469.5 kg m-3, 59.8%, 0.78, 47.8 mm, 62.18 mm, 83.7 mm, 0.55, 57.67 cm2, and 0.27, correspondingly. The results showed that the maximum throughput capacity of 621.4 kg h-1 was recorded at 550 rpm machine speed while the minimum throughput capacity of 511.6 kg h-1 was recorded at 350 rpm machine speed. It has been found that the maximum machine efficiency was 96.03% at 550 rpm machine speed whereas the minimum machine efficiency was 92.5% at 350 rpm machine speed. The investigation results revealed that the minimum percentage loss was 4.2% at 550 rpm machine speed whereas the maximum percentage loss was 7.8% at 350 rpm machine speed. The test results suggested that the carrot slicer machine was found to be very effective for processing the vegetable root crop of carrots for end users.

Comparative Analysis of Physical and Engineering Properties of New Egyptian Paddy Rice (Giza 183) Adapted to Mitigate Effects of Climate Change

One of the major challenges for crop breeding scientists is climate change. Their task is to develop new crop varieties that can withstand this phenomenon. For this study, a new Egyptian paddy variety called Giza 183, which is designed to adapt to mitigate the effects of climate change, was chosen. We focused on examining the physical and engineering properties of this variety in order to design strategies for storage, handling, transportation, drying, parboiling, and processing equipment in rice mills. The goal was to minimize post-harvest losses during the milling process, thereby maximizing high-quality yields while reducing losses. The physical properties of the rice grains, such as the length, width, and thickness, were measured at an average moisture content of 13.7% ± 0.25% (wet basis). The results reveal that the mean values of length, width, and thickness averaged 7.50 mm, 3.18 mm, and 2.19 mm, respectively. Additionally, the geometric mean diameter, the equivalent mean diameter, surface area, arithmetic mean diameter, and volume were approximately 3.74 mm, 2.38 mm, 37.37 mm2, 4.29 mm, and 28.23 mm3, respectively. The mean of sphericity was 49.9%, and the grain shape (length/width) was 2.19. The true density was measured at 1218.28 kgm−3, while the bulk density was 572.17 kgm−3. The porosity was found to be 53.03%. Furthermore, the milling production rates for brown rice, hull, white rice, and broken rice were determined to be 76.83%, 23.15%, 67.97%, and 17.36%, respectively. The average weight of one thousand grains was 25.49 g. A linear regression model for describing the mass of rough rice grain was investigated. The mass was estimated with the single variable of the grain aspect ratio (width/length) with a determination coefficient of 0.9908. Information gained from the current study will be useful in designing post-harvest processing and storage structures in rice processing industries.

A rapid segmentation and occlusion completion method for morphology analysis of packed granular particles considering uncertainty

Occlusions of granular particles in images significantly affect the accuracy of evaluating particle morphology for granular materials. In this study, a novel framework of SOLO-PCNet is proposed, which can automatically segment all the particles and predict the complete contours of the occluded particles in densely packed materials. Firstly, the instance segmentation model SOLOv2 is trained for the prediction of all the detectable particles. Then a self-supervised learning algorithm PCNet-M is introduced for the inference of the complete contours of the occluded particles so that the prediction of SOLOv2 can be directly input to PCNet-M for the subsequent completion. Thereafter, the particle morphology characteristics including elongation, equivalent mean size, convexity, and circularity are automatically calculated. Then, the evaluation metrics of the segmentation model and morphology characteristics are validated, and the results exhibit the strong generalization ability of the segmentation and completion tasks. Finally, the uncertainty of the completed contours with morphology properties is explored for reliable analysis. This study successfully acquires the complete contours for each particle and provides the foundation for evaluating the mechanical properties of the packed granular materials from individual particles.

From Croce’s intuition to Zhu Guangqian’s Zhijue 直觉: A cross-cultural interpretation

ABSTRACT Zhijue直觉 is the Chinese translation of the English word ‘intuition’. These two terms, however, do not hold completely equivalent meanings. Before this translation, traditional Chinese lacked a precise counterpart for the concept, though intuitive thinking has long been integral to Chinese culture. Consequently, Zhijue not only inherits the cultural connotations of the Western term ‘intuition’ but also integrates traditional Chinese intuitive thought. Translating intuition into zhijue goes beyond linguistic conversion—it reflects a cultural hybrid shaped by intercultural collision and fusion. This paper investigates how the concept of intuition, as developed in Croce’s aesthetics, is reinterpreted and adapted by Zhu Guangqian in the modern Chinese aesthetic context, generating new meanings. By tracking the cross-cultural journey of the term ‘intuition’, this study explores the comparative exchange between Western and Chinese ways of thinking and their cultural implications, offering insights into the traveling of concepts across cultures.

A Facial Motion Retargeting Pipeline for Appearance Agnostic 3D Characters.

3D facial motion retargeting has the advantage of capturing and recreating the nuances of human facial motions and speeding up the time-consuming 3D facial animation process. However, the facial motion retargeting pipeline is limited in reflecting the facial motion's semantic information (i.e., meaning and intensity), especially when applied to nonhuman characters. The retargeting quality heavily relies on the target face rig, which requires time-consuming preparation such as 3D scanning of human faces and modeling of blendshapes. In this paper, we propose a facial motion retargeting pipeline aiming to provide fast and semantically accurate retargeting results for diverse characters. The new framework comprises a target face parameterization module based on face anatomy and a compatible source motion interpretation module. From the quantitative and qualitative evaluations, we found that the proposed retargeting pipeline can naturally recreate the expressions performed by a motion capture subject in equivalent meanings and intensities, such semantic accuracy extends to the faces of nonhuman characters without labor-demanding preparations.

Chasing cool: Unveiling the influence of green-blue features on outdoor thermal environment in Roorkee (India)

Urban environments in humid subtropical climates, like Roorkee, India, often experience high summer temperatures and uncomfortable outdoor thermal conditions. However, the impact of green-blue landscape configurations on cooling intensity (ΔTa) and outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) is insufficiently understood. This study, conducted in Roorkee during summer 2022, assessed the effect of green-blue landscape configurations on OTC using Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and mean radiant temperature (Tmrt). PET values ranged from slight to extreme heat stress, with statistically significant differences in cooling intensity across varied landscape configurations. Tree shaded canal front locations registered lower Ta (1.6 °C) and Tmrt (9.3 °C). Similarly, shaded canal front locations registered 4.7 °C lower PET than sun-exposed locationsDifferent tree species showed significant variation in ΔTa, with the highest cooling effect (maximum average ΔTa of 3 °C) occurring during the morning hours. Notably Morus alba and Mangifera indica yielded the highest cooling effect, outperforming artificial and mixed shade. Eucalyptus alba, on the other hand, registered adverse comfort conditions. Denser tree canopies and attributes - canopy diameter, leaf area index, and height were strongly correlated to improved cooling performance.Additionally, increasing pervious surfaces and tree cover within 100 m of intervention areas enhanced cooling, with significant effects noted within a 25–50 m radius. This study highlights the role of green-blue infrastructure, particularly the combination of low sky-view factor (SVF), dense canopy trees, and proximity to water, in reducing heat stress. These findings offer crucial insights for climate-responsive open space design, particularly in Indian cities facing rampant urbanization and global warming.

Evaluating Bioinformatics Processing of Somatic Variant Detection in cfDNA Using Targeted Sequencing with UMIs.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising cancer biomarker, but accurately detecting tumor mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is challenging due to their low frequency and sequencing errors. Our study benchmarked Mutect2, VarScan2, shearwater, and DREAMS-vc using deep targeted sequencing of cfDNA with Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMIs) from 111 colorectal cancer patients. Performance was assessed at both the mutation level (distinguish tumor variants from errors) and the sample level (detect if an individual has cancer). Additionally, we investigated the effects of various UMI grouping and consensus strategies. The shearwater-AND variant calling method demonstrated the highest precision in detecting tumor-derived mutations from plasma, and reached the highest ROC-AUC of 0.984 for sample classification in tumor-informed cfDNA analyses. DREAMS-vc exhibited the highest ROC-AUC of 0.808 for sample classification in tumor-agnostic studies. We also found that sequencing depth differences in PBMCs could lead to false positives, particularly with VarScan2 and Mutect2, which was addressed by downsampling to equivalent mean depths. Additionally, network-based UMI grouping methods outperformed those using identical UMIs when all reads were retained. Our findings emphasize that the optimal variant caller depends on the study context-whether focused on mutation or sample classification, and whether conducted under tumor-informed or tumor-agnostic conditions.

Analisis Makna Leksikal pada Puisi “Mitos-Mitos Kecemasan” Karya Afrizal Malna

This research aims to determine the lexical meaning of the poem “Myths of Anxiety” by Afrizal Malna. This type of qualitative descriptive research was used in this research, the data source in this research was the poem “Myths of Anxiety” by Afrizal Malna and similar journals. Researchers used data collection techniques by (1) reading the poem “Myths of Anxiety” by Afrizal Malna, (2) marking and writing the lexical meaning of each word in the poem “Myths of Anxiety” by Afrizal Malna. The researcher's steps in data analysis are (1) classifying or grouping words into tables, (2) analyzing the results of grouping words, (3) drawing conclusions based on the results of the analysis carried out. The results of this research show that the equivalent lexical meaning is longer than the connotative meaning and each stanza has a clear different in meaning according to the context of the words used.

Factors affecting the outcomes of in vitro fertilization in women with endometriosis: Preliminary data from Vietnam

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in patients with endometriosis and identify related factors that may influence treatment outcomes. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted between November 2018 and November 2022. The study group comprised individuals who were diagnosed with endometriosis (endometrioma and/or adenomyosis) indicated for in vitro fertilization. The control group (129 patients with 249 cycles), which included patients without endometriosis and had an equivalent mean age as the study group patients. Results: In the endometriosis group, the quantities of retrieved oocytes and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) were reduced compared to the control group. The overall dose of gonadotropin and the duration of ovarian stimulation were significantly higher than the control group. The endometriosis group exhibited a Metaphase II (MII) oocyte rate of 82.3% and an oocyte fertilization rate of 82.2%. However, in patients with endometriosis, the rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy, and ongoing pregnancy were significantly lower than in patients without endometriosis. Besides, the clinical pregnancy rate of women with endometriosis was remarkably higher in the groups with maternal age ⩽35 years, a ratio of Follicle-stimulating Hormone to Luteinizing Hormone (FSH/LH) ⩽1.5, and over 10 retrieved oocytes. Conclusion: Endometriosis was associated with a decreased rate of implantation, clinical pregnancy, and ongoing pregnancy after in vitro fertilization treatment compared with patients without endometriosis. In vitro fertilization outcomes in patients with endometriosis were influenced by maternal age ⩽35 years, FSH/LH ratio ⩽1.5, and number of retrieved oocytes over 10.

የቦሎቄ (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)የምህንድስና ባህሪያት ለመውቂያ ማሽን ዲዛይን በአካላዊ እናፍራክሽናል መለኪያዎች አንፃር

When designing appropriate machinery systems, equipment, and infrastructures for interacting with, cultivating, gathering, and agriculture-related processing, it is required to have an understanding of the engineering characteristics of agricultural products. This unpredictability makes it difficult to design or develop machines that can efficiently and effectively manage a wide range of product characteristics. Experimental analysis was used to accomplish the study's objective, which was to investigate the implications of variation on the physical characteristics and frictional parameters of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) concerning the design of the threshing machine. One hundred bean seeds from each variety were randomly selected and their three primary dimensions were measured with a digital vernier caliper (least count 0.01 mm) and a micro-screw gauge in order to determine the dimensional parameters. The remaining parameters (elongation at the width, thickness, and vertical orientation, geometrical mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, square mean diameter, equivalent mean diameter, roundness, sphericity, flakiness ratio, aspect ratio, cross-sectional area, projected area, transverse surface area, and the seed volume) were calculated using mathematical models. Gravimetric characteristics true density and seed volumes were calculated using the toluene displacement method. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan multiple range test was used to separate the means. Significance was accepted at 95% confidence interval (p< 0.05).The results data are required for predicting loads in agricultural storage structures, and to establish useful sources for the development of machinery for handling, cleaning, storing, transporting and drying, among other things.

The Equivalence of Cultural Terms in the Keonese Folktales, Nagekeo

This study explores the analysis of the cultural terms categorization and the degree of meaning equivalence through componential analysis. The data was taken from the Keonese folktales, entitled “Tonga Mbu’e So’a” (A Woman Called Tonga) and “Mbu’e Dombo Nio” (A Woman Called Dombo Nio: The Incarnation of Coconut Tree Becomes Human) written by Louise Baird and Philipus Tule, SVD. The source language of this research was Nagekeo Language Keo Dialect (NLKD) and the target language was English. Therefore, this research applied a qualitative method. In conducting this research, the techniques used were note-taking and observation. The data were displayed in the table, and the description was included along with the data. This study found 9 cultural terms categorization such as 6 ecology, 1 material culture, 1 social organisation, and 1 gesture and habits. Moreover, there are 6 fully equivalent, 1 partly equivalent with increased meaning, and 2 partly equivalent with decreased meaning. All the cultural terms are translated into equivalent meanings.

Are narrative story stem methods valid in “non-Western” contexts? A systematic review

Narrative story stem techniques (NSSTs) offer insight into attachment and other representational aspects of preschool to young school aged children’s inner lives. While the method moved into the academic and clinical mainstream some 35 years ago, their applicability to “non-Western” contexts remains little understood. This synthesis comprises 31 NSST studies of samples from parts of Africa, East Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, and from US and UK ethnocultural minoritized backgrounds. In the reviewed studies, three specific NSSTs dominated, story stems were used most to evaluate attachment, and some were clinically focused. However, there was also a strong cultural focus and over half of samples were socioeconomically disadvantaged. Studies revealed both universal and culturally specific features of NSSTs. Attachment distributions were as expected, given the high clinical risk in pooled samples (49% secure, 19% avoidant, 12% ambivalent, 20% disorganized), including by clinical and socioeconomic risk status. Gender differences were similar to “Western” findings. However, the growing evidence for convergent validity across cultural groups is tempered by low reporting of psychometrics. Narratives may sometimes reflect children’s unintended interpretations of the task and therefore not activate internal representations, or may reflect reality but lack equivalent meaning in coding schemes. We discuss how researchers and clinicians can enhance the validity of NSSTs by considering the role of culture in the sense-making process. Pending further validation work, NSSTs have the added potential to give a voice to young children from underrepresented backgrounds.

The effects of acoustic disturbances and mechanical vibration on laminar premixed flames: A comparative study

The energy conversion between the combustion process and acoustic waves is very complex in high-performance propulsion systems, which may trigger large-amplitude combustion instabilities, potentially leading to severe vibration or structural damage. Both acoustic disturbances and mechanical vibration are found to be able to cause the combustion instability, but their differences on the influence of laminar premixed flames are still unknown. In this paper, a premixed methane flame burner was disturbed by either a loudspeaker or an electromagnetic vibration exciter, and the effects of their forcing frequencies and amplitudes on the dynamic responses of the premixed methane flame were evaluated. Specifically, the unsteady heat release rate was measured by a photomultiplier tube, and the flame dynamic behaviors were captured by a high-speed camera with image intensifier. Furthermore, the acoustic disturbances upstream of the flame was measured by the two-microphone method, and the structure vibration was measured by an accelerometer. Then, the flame transfer functions were obtained at various equivalence ratios and mean flow velocities. The results demonstrated that the premixed flame exhibited obvious band-pass filtering characteristics when subjected to external forcing, whether through a loudspeaker or an electromagnetic vibration exciter. In addition, increasing either acoustic or structure excitation amplitude to a large extent can make the flame respond in a nonlinear manner. However, when the flame was subjected to mechanical vibration, the peak frequency corresponding to the maximum gain of the flame transfer function had minimal sensitivity to variations in equivalence ratios and mean flow velocities. In contrast, the acoustic disturbances were more likely to induce the nonlinear flame responses and flame front wrinkling.

Investigation on particle size and packing tortuosity by coupling image analysis and permeability tests

This experimental study aims to enhance the understanding of the correlation among equivalent particle diameters measured using two analytical techniques: optical analysis (assisted by computer aided image analysis) and permeability tests. The presence or absence of a specific analytical method or instrument can lead to the use of an incorrect equivalent diameter. Therefore, it can be beneficial to establish conversion rules between different equivalent particle diameters obtained through various methods and instruments. The optical analysis returns an equivalent diameter value inherently independent of particle arrangement since it deals with isolated particles. In contrast, the permeability test offers an equivalent mean diameter dependent not only on the size of the particles but also on their packed arrangement. A suitable correlation between the two diameters has been proposed, shown to be a decreasing function of porosity following a power law.An unexpected outcome of the comparison between the optical method and permeametry is the possibility to isolate and characterize the effect that the packing arrangement has on pressure losses and to characterize it in terms of the tortuosity of the path that the fluid must travel through the packed bed. Our findings confirm a strong alignment between our tortuosity model, which contains the ratio between the two equivalent diameters considered here, and an empirical correlation from literature often utilized for predicting packed bed tortuosity.

LEXICAL RELATIONS AND CONTEXTUAL MEANING ANALYSIS OF SURAH AL-KAHF IN ABDULLAH YUSUF ALI’S ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Direct translation of the Arabic Qur'an to other languages exists with the closest literal meaning due to the several absences of the exact equivalent meanings of words. Abdullah Yusuf Ali did one of the popular translation works from Arabic to English. One translation issue is the translator's bias, which leads this study to analyze the linguistic relations and contextual meanings in the English Qur'an translation to disclose the bias issue within and enclose prejudication arose. This qualitative study used the mixed technique of semantic analysis in four steps. The data of this research is the English translation of Chapter Al-Kahf (The Cave) verses 65-82 by Abdullah Yusuf Ali. The results of this study enclosed four types of lexical relations and four types of contextual meaning. Also, this study unintentionally found that the synonymy and antonymy pair categories consist of one verse pair and a different verse pair. Uniquely, a category of homonymy and five unrevealed patterns of contextual meaning used are also found in this study. This study concluded that the English translation of the Qur'an, Chapter Al-Kahf verses 65-82 by Abdullah Yusuf Ali has used several procedures to preserve the message within the Qur'an from being misinterpreted by the reader.

PHOTO-ANALYSIS EVALUATION FOR DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY OF DIFFERENT IMPRESSION MATERIALS FOR COMPLETELY EDENTULOUS MAXILLARY RIDGES (CLINICAL STUDY)

Background: In complete denture prosthodontics, an edentulous arch precise reproduction through the secondary impression is necessary for denture retention and esthetics. Variance in the supporting oral structures nature and quality demands utilizing various accurate border molding and ultimate impression materials to attain successful prosthesis. Objectives: Tophoto-analytically evaluate and compare the dimensional accuracy of four dissimilar final maxillary completely edentulous impressions fabricated from two dissimilar border molding and secondary impression materials. Materials and Methods: Ten completely edentulous patients were nominated rendering to inclusion criteria and received complete dentures. For each patient, four dissimilar secondary maxillary impressions were constructed and divided into four groups owing to the border molding and impression materials utilized. All impressions were transferred into type IV dental stone, and casts were all snapped through a digital camera with fixed and repeatable stipulations. All photos attained were presented into computer software. Two dimensions were possessed for individual cast and compared. Results: An insignificant difference was apparent among all groups concerning parameters as P=0.06 and angles as P=0.053. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically investigated utilizing Statistical Package for Scientific Studies16 ®, Graph pad Prism, and Windows Excel. Conclusion: However, recent elastomeric Putty and Medium rubber base impression materials almost possess equivalent means of dimensional accuracy in contrast with the conventional ones. But still, Greenstick compound and Zn/O Eugenol impression paste are insignificantly more dimensionally accurate in fabricating final impressions for completely edentulous patients.

Electrochemical Measurement and Simulation of Sulfuric Acid-Doping Polyaniline on Graphite Carbon Paper

The sulfuric acid-doping polyaniline (H-PANI-HSO4) are applied to conduct the electrochemical measurement and simulation calculation to investigate the capacitance, electronic structure and energy band properties. The H-PANI-HSO4 growing on graphite carbon paper (H-PANI-HSO4/GCP) is applied as an electroactive electrode to investigate electrochemical properties. The Faradaic capacitance of H-PANI-HSO4/GCP electrode is ascribed to the reversible redox reaction of bisulfate anion doping/dedoping protonated PANI (H-PANI). Cyclic voltammetry measurement at a scan rate of 5[Formula: see text]mV[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text] determines an equivalent mean response current of 0.64[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] and a capacitance of 128.35[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. Galvanostatic charge–discharge measurement determines specific capacitance from 129.06 to 116.88[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at current densities from 0.5 to 2.5[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. Cyclic voltammetry-based capacitance at equivalent current density of 0.64[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] is in accordance with galvanostatic charge–discharge-based capacitance at the current density of 0.57[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. Electrochemical impedance spectrum measurements indicate that H-PANI-HSO4/GCP exhibits lower charge-transfer resistance, much lower Warburg resistance, higher quasicapacitance than H-PANI-HSO4 to approaching ideal capacitor. Density functional theory calculations indicate that H-PANI-HSO4 has a higher density of states (10.6 electron/eV) and lower bandgap energy (0.481[Formula: see text]eV) than H-PANI (5.24 electron/eV, 1.449[Formula: see text]eV), indicating its enhanced electronic conductivity. The electronic bandgap energy is accordingly decreased from 0.263[Formula: see text]eV for H-PANI-HSO4/GCP to 0 for H-PANI-HSO4/GCP. Electrochemical measurement and simulation calculation investigation proves that H-PANI-HSO4/GCP electrode with anion-doped and protonated state exhibits higher electronic conductivity and capacitance performance to act as superior electroactive material.

Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of Moringa oleifera Leaves of Different Geographical Origins and Their Antioxidant Effects on C2C12 Myotubes.

Moringa oleifera is widely grown throughout the tropics and increasingly used for its therapeutic and nutraceutical properties. These properties are attributed to potent antioxidant and metabolism regulators, including glucosinolates/isothiocyanates as well as flavonoids, polyphenols, and phenolic acids. Research to date largely consists of geographically limited studies that only examine material available locally. These practices make it unclear as to whether moringa samples from one area are superior to another, which would require identifying superior variants and distributing them globally. Alternatively, the finding that globally cultivated moringa material is essentially functionally equivalent means that users can easily sample material available locally. We brought together accessions of Moringa oleifera from four continents and nine countries and grew them together in a common garden. We performed a metabolomic analysis of leaf extracts (MOLE) using an LC-MSMS ZenoTOF 7600 mass spectrometry system. The antioxidant capacity of leaf samples evaluated using the Total Antioxidant Capacity assay did not show any significant difference between extracts. MOLE samples were then tested for their antioxidant activity on C2C12 myotubes challenged with an oxidative insult. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added to the myotubes after pretreatment with different extracts. H2O2 exposure caused an increase in cell death that was diminished in all samples pretreated with moringa extracts. Our results show that Moringa oleifera leaf extract is effective in reducing the damaging effect of H2O2 in C2C12 myotubes irrespective of geographical origin. These results are encouraging because they suggest that the use of moringa for its therapeutic benefits can proceed without the need for the lengthy and complex global exchange of materials between regions.