Dynamic Equivalence Research Articles

Dynamic Equivalence to Heterogeneous Wind Farm while Preserving Interaction among DFIGs Based on Interactive Currents and Their Sensitivities

Dynamic Equivalence to Heterogeneous Wind Farm while Preserving Interaction among DFIGs Based on Interactive Currents and Their Sensitivities

TRANSLATION OF THE MEDIEVAL PLAY HEROD THE GREAT

The main aim of this article is to present a translation of the mystery play “Herod The Great”, from medieval English literature. We used Nida's Dynamic Equivalence Theory (2001) to support our translutological proposal. In addition to Nida, our research was based on works by various authors, including Orlin (2006), Herenkov (2011), Palmer (2008), Bell (1991), Venuti (1995), and Pym (2010). We also considered other relevant works, such as those by Pereira; Roman & Silva (2023) and Pereira; Fornaciari & Torres (2023). In terms of methodology, due to the nature of the work in question, we consulted online dictionaries specializing in Middle English, as well as using virtual libraries and translation tools focused on medieval literature. The result of this work, which consists of the translation of the play “Herod The Great” into Portuguese, can be found at the end of this article. We hope that our contribution facilitates access to reading, promotes the dissemination of knowledge and helps with cultural preservation.

Cultural Adaptation in Film Subtitles: A Study of Brazilian Films for Hispanic Audiences

This paper explores the challenges and strategies involved in the cultural adaptation of Brazilian films subtitled for Hispanic audiences. Given the linguistic and cultural differences between Brazil and the Hispanic world, translating culturally specific elements such as idioms, humor, and social norms presents unique difficulties. Through an examination of case studies of Brazilian films like Cidade de Deus and Tropa de Elite, the paper highlights various subtitling techniques, including localization, contextualization, and dynamic equivalence, which are used to make these films accessible to Hispanic viewers. The analysis also considers how effective cultural adaptation impacts audience reception, influencing both their understanding and emotional engagement. Finally, the paper discusses the broader implications of cultural adaptation in film subtitling, particularly in fostering cross-cultural comprehension and enhancing the viewing experience.

Information Correspondence on Automatic Translation (Closed Caption) of Speeches on The White House Youtube Channel

This study examines the information correspondence between the source and target language by analyzing the translation equivalence according to Nida and Taber’s theory. This project aims to analyze transcript data from a speech video on The White House YouTube channel. This study employs a qualitative descriptive methodology. Data was obtained using note-taking and transcription methods, then processed in three stages: reduction, presentation, and verification. Based on the findings; there are 110 data (55.8%) which are dominated by Formal equivalence, whereas 73 data (37%) are classified as Dynamic equivalence. Meanwhile, 14 data sets (7.1%) contain errors in the translation. As for the conformity of information, out of 197 data, only 14 data show errors or inconsistencies in essential areas such, proper nouns, terms, and keywords. Other translation information produced 74 data that captured meaning and emotional nuances related to the cultural context, and 109 data that maintained the structure of the translated text using a literal approach, resulting in stiff, awkward, and strange translations.

ADEQUACY AND EQUIVALENCE IN FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSLATION: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

This study explores the concept of equivalence in the translation of financial and economic texts between English and Uzbek. Equivalence is a central issue in translation theory, and its correct application is crucial for accurate and contextually relevanttranslation of economic information. The study examines various types and levels of equivalence, including formal, dynamic, pragmatic, contextual, and functional equivalence. It also investigates the challenges posed by non-equivalent lexical items and the role of the translator’s linguistic and cultural competence in finding appropriate solutions. The analysis of parallel texts reveals that full functional equivalence is achieved when financial terms have the same meaning and function in both languages, while partial and imperfect equivalence require additional clarification and interpretation. The study also compares source-oriented and target-oriented translation approaches, highlighting the importance of conveying the meaning and intent of the source text in a way that is natural and culturally appropriate for the target audience. The findings suggest that successful translation in the field of finance and economics depends on ensuring linguistic consistency, pragmatic accuracy, and compliance with international standards. The study emphasizes the need for translators to have specialized knowledge of the field and to develop a comprehensive understanding of equivalence issues to improve communication between experts in finance and economics.

Transliteration in the translation of Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom

Abstract Translating from a developed language like English into an African language may be daunting. This is because African languages like isiNdebele and isiZulu may lack some standardised terminologies for specific terms of the developed source language. When African language translators face complicated terms from a source language that do not have appropriate equivalents, they resort to transliteration as a term-creation strategy. This paper aims to compare the extent to which translators of both Ikhambo Elide Eliya Ekululekweni (isiNdebele) and Uhambo Olude Oluya Enkululekweni (isiZulu) have used transliteration as a term-creation strategy, and the impact this strategy had in enabling the readers of the isiNdebele and isiZulu version of Nelson Mandela's biography to access the source text easily. This paper is, therefore, qualitative and comparative. The researcher will describe transliteration used in both the isiZulu and isiNdebele versions. A corpus-based method of collecting data (from both translated biographies) was used. A theory of dynamic or functional equivalence formed the principle against which both translations were viewed. The findings are that transliteration in both languages, isiZulu and isiNdebele, has been overly used even in cases where coined known terms exist in these target languages.

TRANSLATION OF THE MYSTERY PLAY NOAH, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE THEORY

The general aim of this work was to translate the mystery play Noah, from medieval English literature. To this end, this article presents the theory behind the translation proposal: Dynamic Equivalence Theory (Nida, 2001). In addition to Nida (idem), our research was based on Orlin (2006), Herenkov (2011), Palmer (2008), Bell (1991), Venuti (1995) and Pym (2010). Since the methodological proposal is a Middle English work, we consulted online dictionaries of Middle English terms, online libraries specializing in medieval literature, and online translation tools. The result of this work (translation of the play Noah into Portuguese) can be found at the end of this article. In this way, we hope to have contributed to the democratization of reading, the dissemination of knowledge, and the perpetuation of knowledge.

Influence of Translation Techniques on the Accuracy of Interpretation of Little Women by Louisa May Alcott

This study analyzes the influence of translation techniques on the accuracy of the interpretation of Louisa May Alcott's novel "Little Women". The three translation techniques analyzed are literal translation, idiomatic translation, and dynamic equivalence. This study uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach from the novel “Little Women”. This method was chosen to explore in depth how translation techniques affect the accuracy of interpretation in the translated novel. These findings emphasize the importance of choosing the right translation technique to maintain the integrity of literary interpretation. This study also highlights the importance of considering cultural and social contexts in the process of translating literary texts. It was found that a deep understanding of the author's original culture is essential to produce an accurate and meaningful translation. In addition, this study recommends that translators have strong linguistic and literary skills to be able to transfer the nuances and meanings contained in the original text into their translations. The findings of this study can be a valuable guide for translators and researchers in understanding the complexity of translation techniques and their impact on the interpretation of literary texts.

Unifying Static and Dynamic Intermediate Languages for Accelerator Generators

Compilers for accelerator design languages (ADLs) translate high-level languages into application-specific hardware. ADL compilers rely on a hardware control interface to compose hardware units. There are two choices: static control, which relies on cycle-level timing; or dynamic control, which uses explicit signalling to avoid depending on timing details. Static control is efficient but brittle; dynamic control incurs hardware costs to support compositional reasoning. Piezo is an ADL compiler that unifies static and dynamic control in a single intermediate language (IL). Its key insight is that the IL’s static fragment is a refinement of its dynamic fragment: static code admits a subset of the run-time behaviors of the dynamic equivalent. Piezo can optimize code by combining facts from static and dynamic submodules, and it opportunistically converts code from dynamic to static control styles. We implement Piezo as an extension to an existing dynamic ADL compiler, Calyx. We use Piezo to implement a frontend for an existing ADL, a systolic array generator, and a packet-scheduling hardware generator to demonstrate its optimizations and the static–dynamic interactions it enables.

A Critical Exploration of Cultural and Aesthetic Representation of Shandong Dialect Translation in Red Sorghum

The translation of the Shandong dialect, specifically in the novel Red Sorghum authored by Mo Yan and translated by Howard Goldblatt, posed significant challenges to both translators and readers due to its local Chinese cultural richness. Previous researches mainly focused on its traditional translation strategies including foreignization and domestication. Exploration of the aesthetic value of dialect and its cultural representations in modern literature is a relatively new area of research yet to be developed. This paper revealed that translation operates in a complicated three-dimensional structure of translator (aesthetic subject), translated text (aesthetic object), and culture (social environment). In the process of translating dialect, the aesthetic experience and the Aesthetic Regulation Devices (ARD) adopted by the translator, as well as the beauty of characterization and symbolization come into play. Therefore, aesthetic values and cultural uniqueness are represented not only on the linguistic, but also on the spiritual level by contrasting the purity of the villagers in rural China and the brutality of the social turbulence that surrounds them. The paper demonstrated that dialect translation involves a multifaceted and dynamic equivalence between source and target language. The research findings indicated that translation techniques of domestication and foreignization are utilized significantly more often (82%) than the strategy of ARD (18%) during the translation process. This imbalance in strategy usage may result in a deficient representation of aesthetic and cultural values. The significance of this study lies mainly in its intention to reconstruct a more effective theoretical paradigm for dialectal translation procedures.

The Challenges of Achieving Dynamic Equivalence in the Arabic Translation of Medical Terminology for Heart and Brain Diseases: Difficulties and Recommendations

The Challenges of Achieving Dynamic Equivalence in the Arabic Translation of Medical Terminology for Heart and Brain Diseases: Difficulties and Recommendations

A Study on Chinese Translation of English-Japanese Movie Titles from the Perspective of Linguistic Conformity Theory

Movie translation plays an important role in the dissemination of a movie, just like the trademark and promotion card of a movie. It not only needs to match the style of the original movie, but also needs to have commercial value. The quality of title translation directly affects the box office and audience attendance. This paper takes the 250 movies with the highest Douban ratings as the research object, and collects relevant data by constructing a database. Through the literature survey, it is found that the current Chinese translation of movie title translation is mostly studied from the perspective of Purpose Theory and Dynamic Equivalence Theory, but a systematic framework has not yet been formed, so it is difficult to solve the problem of actual title translation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current problems in movie translation from the perspective of linguistic conformity theory, including copying and reproducing, formatting translation, unclear meaning, and words deviating from the theme. This paper argues that the proposed title translation should truly and accurately reflect the core of the original title and more deeply combine with the local culture, with the intention of providing new perspectives for movie translation to improve the translation quality of Chinese titles.

A Study on Cultural and Emotional Sensitivities: With Special Emphasis on Dynamic Equivalence in the Translation of Noshi Gillani’s Poetry

A Study on Cultural and Emotional Sensitivities: With Special Emphasis on Dynamic Equivalence in the Translation of Noshi Gillani’s Poetry

Translation Shifts Found in The Crown Netflix Series

Abstract. This study, titled Translation Shifts in The Crown Netflix Series, aims to identify various types of translation shifts and assess the functional equivalence of these shifts within the context of the Netflix series The Crown. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing ten episodes from one season as the primary data. Data collection focused on examining the translated texts accompanying each episode. The analysis is grounded in Catford's theory of translation shifts, which categorizes shifts into two main types: level and category shifts, further subdivided into structure, unit, class, and intra-system shifts. Additionally, the study applies Nida and Taber's functional equivalence theory, distinguishing between formal and dynamic equivalence. The findings reveal 100 level shifts and a significant occurrence of category shifts, with 120 structure shifts, 40 class shifts, 100 unit shifts, and 60 intra-system shifts. Formal equivalence emerged as the most frequently identified type among the translation shifts. The results provide critical global implications for translation practices in media, particularly highlighting the balance between preserving original meanings and adapting content for target audiences across different cultural and linguistic contexts. This research underscores the need for nuanced translation strategies in globally distributed media content. Keywords: Functional equivalence, Qualitative analysis, Translation shifts

Dynamic equivalence conditions for an air-bearing simulator emulating scaled drag-free control dynamics

Dynamic equivalence conditions for an air-bearing simulator emulating scaled drag-free control dynamics

Dynamic Equivalents of Active Distribution Networks Based on Active Synthesis Load Units

Dynamic Equivalents of Active Distribution Networks Based on Active Synthesis Load Units

Exact pretransition effects in kinetically constrained circuits: Dynamical fluctuations in the Floquet-East model.

We study the dynamics of a classical circuit corresponding to a discrete-time version of the kinetically constrained East model. We show that this classical "Floquet-East" model displays pre-transition behavior which is a dynamical equivalent of the hydrophobic effect in water. For the deterministic version of the model, we prove exactly (i) a change in scaling with size in the probability of inactive space-time regions (akin to the "energy-entropy" crossover of the solvation free energy in water), (ii) a first-order phase transition in the dynamical large deviations, (iii) the existence of the optimal geometry for local phase separation to accommodate space-time solutes, and (iv) a dynamical analog of "hydrophobic collapse."

The Pragmatics and Translation of the Discourse Marker basīṭa in Jordanian Spoken Arabic

Objectives: This research investigates the pragmatic functions and translations of the discourse marker basīṭa (lit. simple/easy) in Jordanian Spoken Arabic (henceforth JSA). It attempts to answer two questions: (1) What are the pragmatic functions of the discourse marker basīṭa in JSA; and (2) What are the different translations of the discourse marker basīṭa in JSA? Methods: A total of 70 naturally occurring conversations between 162 individuals who have close relationships with the researchers were collected using the observation method. Searle’s (1976) Speech Act Theory and Nida and Taber's (1982) approach to translation were employed as theoretical frameworks. Results: This study reveals that basīṭa serves 11 different functions, namely making a threat, providing reassurance, expressing irony, providing consolation, showing courtesy, signaling insufficiency, expressing mitigation, indicating simplicity, showing disappointment, offering assistance, and serving as a filler marker. The study also shows that using dynamic equivalence is the most appropriate method of translating the pragmatic meanings of basīṭa from JSA into English. Conclusions: The study concluds that basīṭa is multi-functional based on the context in which it is used. Furthermore, it shows that dynamic equivalence is the most suitable method used to convey the pragmatic meanings of basīṭa from JSA into English.

An optimization approach to establish dynamical equivalence for soft and rigid impact models

This paper studies a computational approach aimed at establishing equivalent dynamical responses within oscillatory impacting systems subject to soft and rigid constraints. The proposed method incorporates an adaptive differential evolution algorithm with the Metropolis criterion to determine the stiffness and damping parameters of the soft constraint for a prescribed coefficient of restitution governing the rigid constraint. The proposed algorithm aims to establish an equivalent dynamical response of the two models based on constraints regarding energy dissipation and contact time duration. Upon examining the dynamical responses of the two impact cases, they exhibit nearly identical outcomes in the two-parameter bifurcation diagrams when subjected to a large restitution coefficient. However, discrepancies arise between the results of the two models when the restitution coefficient is low. Detailed numerical tests, conducted using the proposed method, demonstrate enhanced effectiveness compared to previous techniques, such as the prediction formulas for the different related soft impact model outlined by Okolewski and Blazejczyk-Okolewska [Chaos 31(8), 083110 (2021)]. This method not only finds application in experimentally identifying the physical properties of an impact surface but also provides convenience in employing soft models within impacting systems, which could then avoid potential inaccuracies in handling discontinuities by some integrator during velocity jumps before and after impacts.

Gravity and [formula omitted] flows in higher dimensions

We study systems in arbitrary space-time dimensions where matter, deformed by TT‾-like irrelevant operators, is coupled to gravity in the Palatini formalism. The dynamically equivalent perspective is investigated, wherein the deformation transitions from the matter action to the gravitational one or vice versa. This alternative viewpoint leads to the emergence of Ricci-based gravity theories, thus providing a high-dimensional generalisation of the well-known equivalence between two-dimensional TT‾ deformations and coupling to Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. This dynamical equivalence is examined within the framework of the recently introduced Lagrangian flow equation, which notably led to the discovery of a direct link between Nambu-Goto theory and TT‾ in d=2, as well as significant insights into nonlinear electrodynamics models in d=4. The investigation involves explicit examples in d=4 dimensions; it builds upon earlier research concerning the metric interpretation of TT‾-like perturbations, incorporates and extends recent findings in the cosmology-related literature associated to the concept of reframing. We focus on scenarios where the resulting modified gravity theories manifest as Born-Infeld and Starobinsky types.