Equipment Management Research Articles

Support for Artificial Intelligence and PHM in Military Intelligent Equipment Artificial Intelligence

The implementation framework, key technologies, and guarantee decision-making methods for AI-based military intelligent equipment are studied in order to address the issues of low intelligence and networking in predictive maintenance of military intelligent equipment as well as difficulty in physical model modeling.The PHM system architecture is integrated into the construction of the health management of military intelligent equipment, which benefits from AI's exceptional capabilities of communication throughout the entire network, pan-awareness, and self-learning. The technology makes it possible to manage the health of military intelligent equipment in a data-driven, intelligent, and networked manner. This paper offers references and references for military intelligent equipment support that is appropriate for challenging circumstances, lowers maintenance and operating costs, and consistently raises the bar for military intelligent equipment support. This research paper’s goal is to examine how AIT is used in mechanical electrical control systems (MECS). This article first introduces the fundamental theories and concepts of AIT, then develops the core technology of AIT, combines the current state of our nation's modern enterprises' electrical control systems to discuss the issues they are currently facing, and finally studies and analyzes AIT and machinery. Discuss the use of AIT in mechanical electrical orifice subsystems and the combination of electrical control systems.

Exploration of Key Technologies for Equipment Operation and Maintenance Based on New Power Systems

With the construction and development of the new generation of power system (thereafter, it is displaced with PS), intelligent power equipment is more widely used and higher requirements for the flexibility, controllability and safety of PS emerge. This article focused on the key technologies of equipment operation and maintenance (O&M) in the PS, aiming to improve the challenges faced by traditional PS through new energy power and intelligent PS. The article studied the development of new PS, analyzed intelligent PS from the perspectives of intelligent maintenance, online fault diagnosis and status monitoring and evaluation, compared the capacity of new energy equipment and simulated the wind PS simulation structure diagram. Setting the Longyangxia Hydropower Station as an instance, it explored the complementarity between solar and hydro energy in the hydropower station. By studying the service life of transformers in 50 PS of Longyangxia Hydropower Station, it was found that amorphous alloys and silicon steel were relatively excellent and a total of 8 rounds of power generation equipment in the PS passed the safety assessment. The article proposed a long-term maintenance research method for the key technologies of equipment O&M in the new PS, achieving precise management and efficient maintenance of equipment and ensuring safe and reliable operation of equipment under complex working conditions.

Physics-informed digital twin for wind turbine main bearing fatigue: Quantifying uncertainty in grease degradation

In the field of prognostics and health management for industrial equipment, digital twins stand out as essential tools. Wind park operators can harness the potential of digital twins to monitor component health, enabling proactive measures to optimize energy production while reducing maintenance costs. This study introduces a novel hybrid digital twin application tailored for monitoring wind turbine main bearing fatigue. It combines physics-based and data-driven kernels to address variable grease quality and biased observations. Our study covers model initialization, cross-validation, fleet management, and the influence of sampled turbines on prediction. Our approach offers two key advantages: (a) It reduces the need for extensive datasets, typical in other machine learning methods, by incorporating physics-based knowledge into the network architecture, and (b) it quantifies output uncertainties using tailored network layers and loss functions. Our findings conclude that even under compound uncertainty scenario, our hybrid model can estimate fleet unreliability only off by 4.7 weeks. However, it is essential to note that computational costs are tied to data processing, similar to other recurrent neural networks. A limitation is that the physics-based kernels must align with common machine learning linear algebra practices.

An application-oriented digital twin framework and the multi-model fusion mechanism

ABSTRACT The digital twin (DT) technology facilitates the complete lifecycle management of equipment by integrating physical and virtual spaces through data mapping. Many narrative DT frameworks and modeling methods have been proposed. However, the heterogeneous processes and methods of applying these DT frameworks in different objects and different scenarios of manufacturing restricts the function and promotion of DT. Given that there are some existing discussions on narrative DT frameworks, this paper proposes an application-oriented DT framework that integrates information models, principle models, and field models. Then, the unified DT application process is discussed. The mechanism of how to fuse the multi models for typical applications in evaluation, prediction, and optimization are elaborated in detail respectively. Finally, the proposed framework and application process are validated through two DT models: vehicle wheel polygonal diagnosis digital twin and bogie frame manufacturing optimization digital twin. The correctness and feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated through these case studies.

Design of Health Healing Lighting in a Medical Center Based on Intelligent Lighting Control System

The intelligent lighting control system will unify the management of lighting equipment in outpatient buildings, inpatient buildings, and other buildings of the hospital, thereby improving the service quality of the hospital, providing a comfortable and relaxed working environment for medical staff, and providing a warm and comfortable treatment environment for patients. This project aims to develop a health rehabilitation environment lighting automation control system based on combining Zigbee Wide Ad Hoc Network and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. It can be customized according to the comfort needs of patients and can achieve lighting adjustments before the patient arrives. A PSO-based intelligent lighting control method has been proposed. To overcome the shortcomings of PSO such as being prone to local minima and premature convergence, a new PSO optimization method is proposed based on the inertia weight PSO and combined with genetic optimization theory. This method can not only learn experience from individuals in the group but also avoid the possibility of parent particles falling into local extremum. Compared with the original particle swarm optimization algorithm, the new particle swarm optimization algorithm can quickly find the optimal combination of lighting devices, improve computational efficiency by 6.208%, and also reduce the energy consumption of the calculated lighting devices, indicating the advantages of the new particle swarm optimization algorithm.

Pengawasan yang Efektif dalam Pengelolaan Peralatan Berat di Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Medan

This study aims to find out and describe effective supervision in heavy equipment management in the Medan City Public Works Office. The research method used in this study is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews, observations, and documentation, the data obtained were analyzed qualitatively with the supervisory theory approach proposed by Siagian. The results of the study show that supervision of heavy equipment management at the Medan City Public Works Office has been effective. This can be seen from the clear role and target of supervision from people who are authorized to supervise the management of heavy equipment. Supervisors have been able to detect problems and take precautions. The problem is that there is no Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for heavy equipment management which causes supervisors not to carry out objective supervision but to carry out supervision subjectively, namely conducting supervision at will without a clear procedure flow regarding what parts will be supervised.

Perancangan Desain Sistem Inventori Tool Crib Pada Bengkel Mesin

Information management for inventory is very important to help companies or organizations manage their inventory more efficiently and effectively. With good information management, companies can monitor and control the quantity of goods available, avoid shortages or excess stocks, and optimize the process of sending and receiving goods. The equipment management system in the POLMED Mechanical Engineering Workshop Tool Crib is still conventional, not yet using a technology-based (computer) management system. Where equipment borrowed by students or other stakeholders is still recorded in a form and there is no information management-based recording. So that the number of tools, the condition of the tools and who borrows the tools cannot be controlled properly. And problems/issues arise when the equipment is often not in place or missing.

Personal Protective Equipment Management and Maintenance. An Innovative Project Conducted in a Major Italian Manufacturing Company

A major player in metal mechanic manufacture in Italy that has opted to implement Industry 4.0 standards. One of the key projects undertaken was the creation of a new vision for safety. The aim was met by a team created expressly for the company. The Team placed a high value on PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), which is equipment meant to increase the safety of the Operators while doing their responsibilities. The problem that the Team has clearly warned about, given the frequency of occurrences, is the periodic maintenance of PPE, which is required by law for each device and must be carried out according to strict guidelines to maintain their efficiency and safety certification. As a result, the Team investigated a novel methodology, the topic of this article, based on hardware and software technologies designed to monitor the legal revisions and crucial dates of each piece of PPE in use.

Effectiveness of Preventive Nursing Program for Multidrug-Resistant Organism Transmission: A Quasi-experimental Study

Multidrug-resistant organism infections are a major public health problem. Promoting nurses’ practice in preventing multidrug-resistant infections can reduce hospital transmission. This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of a preventive nursing program for multidrug-resistant organism transmission. The study was carried out in the Department of Internal Medicine in a tertiary hospital in south Thailand. Participants in this study were registered nurses. Two wards were randomly selected as the experimental ward and two as the control ward, then participants from each ward were purposively selected. Finally, there were 60 participants, n = 31 from the experiment wards and n = 29 from the control wards. The experimental group received a 4-week program, whereas the control group followed the usual practice. Then, the practices in preventing multidrug-resistant organism transmission of the experimental and control groups were assessed 4 and 12 weeks after the program ended. The instruments for data collection included a demographic data form and a preventive practice observation form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. The results showed that, at 4 and 12 weeks after completion of the program, nurses in the experimental group had a significantly higher proportion of correct practices (hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, patient placement, patient transport, patient care equipment management, environmental management, and linen and infectious waste management of multidrug-resistant organism transmission) than before receiving the program and in the control group. The findings suggest that the program effectively improves nurses’ correct practices in preventing multidrug-resistant organism transmission. The program can be applied to promote and support preventive practices among nurses. However, long-term follow-ups with the incidence of multidrug-resistant organism transmission should be further studied. In addition, as this study was conducted with nurses working in the internal medicine wards of a tertiary hospital, it is necessary to evaluate the program's effectiveness with different samples prior to its widerimplementation.

The Role and Function of Surveyors in the Maintenance of Medical Equipment in Hospitals (Literature Review)

This article attempts to delve deeper into the role and function of a surveyor in assessing a healthcare-related element. Through accreditation bodies, a surveyor is expected to be more proactive in carrying out their role and functions. This article employs a literature review by attempting to distill insights from various studies and expert opinions, as well as guidelines published by the Ministry of Health. Through this article, an illustration and a thought on how healthcare equipment in hospitals should be treated are conveyed. As a conclusion from this article, understanding healthcare equipment is crucial, and the role of a surveyor should be optimized. The surveyor's role as a companion and evaluator in this context becomes an essential element in ensuring innovation and the highest standards in healthcare equipment management in hospitals.

Effectiveness of discipline training on improving the academic performance of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The current research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of discipline training on improving the academic performance of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Research method: It was a semi-experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population included 340 fourth, fifth and sixth-grade students of Sama girls' primary school in Arak City in the academic year of 2019-2019. The statistical sample includes 30 students with this disorder who were selected by purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, test and control. Students participated in 20 discipline training sessions. To collect information, the questionnaire "Diagnostic Standard of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Savari, 2013)" and "Executive Academic Performance Questionnaire at School (Teachers and School Counselors 2019-2019)" were used. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of the co-variance test. The findings of the research showed that in the post-test, there is a significant difference between the scores of the experimental and control groups in the academic performance score of homework completion, equipment management, time management, and homework planning. The results of the one-way covariance analysis showed that discipline training was effective in improving the academic performance of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Blood loss during HPB procedures.

During the last decades, simultaneously with the development of surgical technique, modern equipment and perioperative management, there has been a significant improvement in postoperative outcome. Despite this, infectious complications and perioperative bleeding remain the leading causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality in HPB surgery. We conducted a retrospective study over a three-year period in 256 patients who underwent surgery of the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, or bile ducts. We monitored perioperative blood loss, the number of administered transfusions, the type and severity of postoperative complications, the number of reoperations and the number of readmissions. The average blood loss was 457 ml. We administered transfusions to 39 patients (17%). We confirmed the hypothesis that the presence of blood loss statistically significantly increases the development of deep intra-abdominal infections (p=0.0188). Morbidity increases with increasing blood loss (p=0.0168). We confirmed a statistically significant difference in the blood loss between the groups with and without complications (p=0.001). Postoperative 30-day mortality was less than 1% (n=2). There were 15 (6%) reoperated patients, seven for acute bleeding and eight for infectious complications. The length of hospital stay was statistically significantly longer in patients who received transfusions - erythrocytes (p=0.023), and plasma (p=0.011). We readmitted 12 patients, three patients died during rehospitalization (the 90-day mortality rate was 2%, n=5). A total of 59% patients in our group were classified as ASA III. With increasing blood loss, morbidity (development of intra-abdominal infections) increases significantly, but despite this, overall post- operative mortality remains low. Early postoperative bleeding is the cause of more than half of reoperations. The length of hospitalization increases significantly with the number of transfusions administered.

Prediction of Contact Fatigue Performance Degradation Trends Based on Multi-Domain Features and Temporal Convolutional Networks.

Contact fatigue is one of the most common failure forms of typical basic components such as bearings and gears. Accurate prediction of contact fatigue performance degradation trends in components is conducive to the scientific formulation of maintenance strategies and health management of equipment, which is of great significance for industrial production. In this paper, to realize the performance degradation trend prediction accurately, a prediction method based on multi-domain features and temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) was proposed. Firstly, a multi-domain and high-dimensional feature set of vibration signals was constructed, and performance degradation indexes with good sensitivity and strong trends were initially screened using comprehensive evaluation indexes. Secondly, the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) method was used to eliminate redundant information among multi-domain features and construct health indexes (HIs) based on a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) network. Then, the performance degradation trend prediction model based on TCN was constructed, and the degradation trend prediction for the monitored object was realized using direct multi-step prediction. On this basis, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified using a bearing common-use data set, and it was successfully applied to performance degradation trend prediction for rolling contact fatigue specimens. The results show that using KPCA can reduce the feature set from 14 dimensions to 4 dimensions and retain 98.33% of the information in the original preferred feature set. The method of constructing the HI based on CAE is effective, and change processes versus time of the constructed HI can truly reflect the degradation process of rolling contact fatigue specimen performance; this method has obvious advantages over the two commonly used methods for constructing HIs including auto-encoding (AE) networks and gaussian mixture models (GMMs). The model based on TCN can accurately predict the performance degradation of rolling contact fatigue specimens. Compared with prediction models based on long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and gating recurrent units (GRUs), the model based on TCN has better performance and higher prediction accuracy. The RMS error and average absolute error for a prediction step of 3 are 0.0146 and 0.0105, respectively. Overall, the proposed method has universal significance and can be applied to predict the performance degradation trend of other mechanical equipment/parts.

A Smart Grid Overvoltage Identification System Associated with Partial Discharge Signal and Dielectric Loss Detection.

Capacitive equipment refers to its insulation design using the principle of capacitance of electrical equipment, mainly by a variety of different capacitive components in series. Most of the equipment in the substation is capacitive equipment. Once an insulation failure occurs, it will lead to extremely serious consequences. Monitoring grid overvoltage and insulation degradation of capacitive equipment is an effective means to ensure the stable operation of the power system. Therefore, in order to enhance the health management of capacitive equipment, including transformers, bushings, and current transformers, and to mitigate the risk of severe failures, it is imperative to conduct broad-spectrum frequency-domain online monitoring of overvoltages, dielectric losses, and partial discharge. However, the current monitoring work requires the utilization of multiple detection apparatuses. Aiming at the disadvantage that the existing inspection is not well integrated and requires a combination of multiple devices. This paper proposes a smart grid overvoltage identification system that utilizes partial discharge (PD) signals in correlation with dielectric loss detection. The system achieves synchronous detection of dielectric loss and high-frequency partial discharge by synchronously and in real-time acquiring four current signals from the power grid, enhancing the integration level of the hardware system.

Implementasi Metode House Of Risk Pada Evaluasi Keterlambatan Proyek Cable Tray Support di PT.SSS

PT SSS is a company in the field of steel construction. In the Cable Tray Support project, delays occurred that affected the duration outside the contract. Projects have cost, quality, and time objectives that must be achieved. It requires good management of finance, equipment, materials, labor, and time. Therefore, project management is critical to the smoothness and success of the project. This research aims to identify delay problems through the House of Risk method, which analyzes risks, causative agents of delay, and mitigation strategies. There are 18 risks of delay with 21 causes identified, resulting in ten prioritized strategies, namely applying the material requirement planning method to find out more details of the lead time of each material, buying a lot at a lower price, looking for suppliers closer, overestimating the procurement index of certain types of materials, conducting strict and structured supervision to ensure the supply of appropriate goods from suppliers, evaluating the causes of delays and applying new methods to plan the arrival of materials, making a checklist of design drawings that have / have not been sent, making procedures for making and changing designs, updating the material list to facilitate material selection, improving coordination between consultants and field workers so that the design drawings can be said to be valid.

닥터헬기 응급의료종사자의 직무분석

This study utilized the Developing a Curriculum(DACUM) method to conduct a comprehensive job description of Doctor Helicopter emerge medical workers. The participants included four emergency medical workers in Doctor Heli, two experts in operating the Central Emergency Medical Center, and a nursing professor with experience in job descriptions. As a result, the duties of seven jobs, 45 tasks, and 68 elements of task associated with Doctor helicopter emergency medical work were identified. Based on the research results, it was confirmed that emergency medical workers frequently perform certain duties in buliding and maintaining cooperative relationship (18), utilization of medical equipment (9), equipment management (5), and medical records (5). Building and maintaining cooperative relationship prioritizing safety were identified as important tasks in air transportation. The results of this study should be used as basic evidence for the developing systematic and standardized training program aiming to strengthen the job competency of Doctor Helicopter emergency medical workers.

Unauthorized Access Detection for Network Device Firmware WEB Pages

WEB technology is utilized for the configuration, interaction, and management of network equipment, which has become ubiquitous in the intelligent industry and consumer electronics field. Unauthorized access on WEB allows unauthorized users to access authorized information, causing security vulnerabilities such as information leakage and command execution. However, commonly used vulnerability detection techniques for WEB unauthorized access face increasing challenges and more efficiently identify potentially sensitive pages. We propose WEBUAD, a WEB Unauthorized Access Detection framework, for the vulnerability detection of WEB service IoT network devices. WEBUAD utilizes the depth-first search algorithm to fully mine available information on device firmware and generate a potential-visit page set as well as a similarity–matching algorithm of machine learning to calculate the similarity of the responses of a web request. Finally, we evaluate WEBUAD on 9 real physical devices from four vendors and 190 device firmware from seven vendors. The result shows that compared with the state-of-the-art tool such as IoTScope, WEBUAD discovered 5007 potentially available pages, of which 658 were accessible and 9 sensitive pages existed, taking 50 s. Furthermore, WEBUAD exposed 13 security-critical vulnerabilities. Our approach can be used to automate the discovery of the WEB unauthorized access vulnerabilities of IoT devices.

PERAN EKSTRAKURIKULER BELA DIRI SILAMBAWIQRI DALAM MENERAPKAN NILAI KARAKTER KEBANGSAAN

Abstract
 This study aims to find out 1) How to foster national character values ​​in students through the Silambawiqri extracurricular 2) What is the role of the Silambawiqri extracurricular in preventing delinquency adolescents and the negative influence of foreign culture on students at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Serang City 3) What obstacles and challenges are faced in the Silambawiqri extracurricular activities at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Serang City. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that the way to cultivate national character values ​​in students through the Silambawiqri extracurricular is the application of seven national character values, namely: religious values, discipline, responsibility, respect for achievement, national spirit, hard work and creativity. It can be concluded that the role of the Silambawiqri extracurricular in minimizing juvenile delinquency at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Serang City can be concluded that it has enough roles by paying attention to several aspects, namely the good adaptability of students, the Lalubawiqri extracurricular has also become a place for students who have an interest in local arts and culture and self-defense. In addition, students are also considered to have a high social sense. The challenges and obstacles that occur in Silambawiqri extracurricular activities at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 City of Serang are time management and availability of training equipment needs.

A Qualitative Study on the Management of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Based on a preliminary study, the COVID-19 PPE at Rawang Primary Health Care (PHC) was only partially available. The purpose of this research was to analyze the management of COVID-19 personal protective equipment (PPE) for Rawang PHC officers in Padang City. This research was a qualitative study held in July-September 2021 at the Rawang PHC. Research informants were four officers of PHC, who were obtained through purposive sampling. Collecting data was done through in-depth interviews, document reviews, and observation—data analysis using content analysis with source and method triangulation. The results of this study show that planning for needs was carried out using the consumption method; requests for COVID-19 PPE were made to the Padang District Health Office, which can be done at any time. Receipt of PPE COVID-19 by recording and checking the amount of PPE on the stock card. PPE storage using the FIFO method. The destruction of PPE was only done at the beginning of the pandemic. The distribution of PPE was carried out in sub-units and PHC networks. Control carried out related to the supply and use of PPE. The recording and reporting of PPE have been carried out, but the evaluation has yet to be carried out because the PHC still needs to have a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for managing COVID-19 PPE. The management of COVID-19 PPE at the Rawang PHC could be more optimal. It is recommended for Rawang PHC to make a SOP for the management of COVID-19 PPE.

Inkjet Printing of PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+ δ Cathode for High-Performance Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells

Ceramic fuel cells have been actively studied and are in the commercialization stage because of their economic and efficiency advantages, including the lack of precious metal catalysts, including Pt, fuel flexibility, and high efficiency. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the most typical type of ceramic fuel cell that conduct oxide ions. However, the operating temperature of SOFCs is high (>700 °C) owing to the high activation energy required for ion conduction. Prolonged operation at high temperatures can cause chemical and mechanical degradation in materials and peripheral parts, discouraging their use as long-time stationary generators, which is the main target market for SOFCs. For these reasons, expectations and interest in proton ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) have recently increased owing to excellent power and durability exhibited at intermediate temperatures (<600 °C). According to recent reports, the durability of PCFC is superior to that of SOFC, even when methane fuel or city gas is used. The cathode reaction accounts for the highest resistance in PCFC operation. Therefore, the development of a high-performance cathode is the biggest factor for the success of PCFCs. To develop a high-performance cathode, the following factors must be optimized: 1) surface and interface shapes and components that can maximize the charge transfer reaction, and 2) porous microstructure that can effectively deliver oxygen gas to the reaction sites, and 3) electrolyte-electrode adhesion at the interface. The potential of inkjet printing (IJP) as a fabrication technology capable of optimizing these structures and components was recently confirmed by our group. IJP has attracted attention as a thin-film deposition technology that can produce complex and sophisticated microstructures, such as various multi-component ceramic materials, while controlling them at the nano-level. Recently, solution processes such as spin coating, tape casting, and screen printing have been frequently adopted in device manufacturing owing to their advantages such as simple accessibility and convenient management. However, fabricating films with nanoscale thickness is very difficult. Moreover, the precision with which a microstructure with the desired shape can be fabricated is limited. Conventional thin-film processes, such as physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition, require complex and difficult deposition conditions, such as high-temperature or high-vacuum maintenance. In addition, equipment management is difficult, a large number of parts and a large system are required, and large-area deposition is highly challenging. Meanwhile, in the case of IJP technology, it is feasible to deposit high-quality nanoscale thin films relatively conveniently without requiring vacuum or temperature maintenance. Furthermore, they can be manufactured over large areas. IJP can be used to conveniently fabricate various patterns in the desired shape without masking or lithography. Moreover, it can precisely control the concentration and combination of printing inks to produce thin films with desired material compositions and microstructures. We successfully fabricated perovskite-type PBSCF cathodes for PCFCs using thermal inkjet printing (T-IJP) on a BaZrxCe0.8-xY0.1Yb0.1O3-δ electrolyte using an inexpensive desktop printer. Ceramic ink solutions were formulated using PBSCF nanopowder as a solid material and dispersed in anhydrous ethanol/propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME)-based solvents. The ink properties were improved by adding various polymers such as surfactants and dispersants. Printability was verified by analyzing the viscosity, surface tension, and particle size of the pigments. The shape and microstructure of the PBSCF cathode layer were successfully adjusted by controlling the number of printing cycles and grayscale value (color level) using commercial printing software. We verified the tendency of these specimens by observing the images using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectra. We also conducted performance evaluations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Finally, we obtained an optimized PBSCF cathode (G-80) with adequate thickness and a favorable number of pores and cracks. The samples had identical thicknesses of 6–7 μm. This enabled a more reliable and accurate comparison and examination of the tendencies of the specimen microstructures by using grayscale values. We enhanced the performance compared to that of our previous T-IJP work. Among the four specimens measured in this study, G-80 attained a high power output of 728 mWcm-2 in the sub-IT regime (< 600 °C). This performance is higher than that achieved in previous similar studies.