Calibration Of Equipment Research Articles

Calibration equipment for defibrillator analyzer designed with digital multimeter and oscilloscope

Calibration equipment for defibrillator analyzer designed with digital multimeter and oscilloscope

Reliability Analysis of the Collapse of Corroded Submarine Pipelines Subjected to Bending Moment

With the increasing development of oil exploration in the oceans, the demand for submarine pipelines has risen considerably, which implies significant environmental risks in the event of structural failure, resulting in oil leaks and consequent billion-dollar environmental damage. The integrity of these structures is primarily compromised by external pressures and bending moments, especially in areas of high curvature between platforms and extraction points. These bending moments, as identified in the investigations of Bjørset (2000), decrease the pipelines resistance to collapse due to the progressive ovalization of the sections, reducing the moment of inertia. Additionally, corrosion defects, which decrease the thickness of the pipeline walls, are prevalent and significantly impact the resistance to collapse, requiring precise evaluation in simulations (CABRAL, 2007). For the modeling of this mechanical phenomenon, the Finite Element Method (FEM) has shown promising results, being chosen to calculate the collapse pressures by combining the effects of bending moments and corrosion defects (MOTTA, 2020). However, the simulation process faces challenges due to uncertainties associated with measurement errors, equipment calibration, and manufacturing faults. These uncertainties are generally overlooked in traditional deterministic methods but can be addressed through reliability analyses that use statistical concepts to establish failure functions and assess failure probability, resulting in a more robust and reliable analysis (MOTTA, 2020). These analyses are rarely discussed in the existing literature, suggesting a need for more well-founded and detailed approaches. The results of this study, with the application of reliability techniques, are expected to provide safer insights into the influence of bending moments on the resistance of submarine pipelines. Furthermore, it is intended to compare deterministic equations with simulation results, proposing, if possible, adjustments to these equations to optimize the accuracy of the provided results.

Assessing the knowledge and practices of anesthesiologists in anesthesia machine maintenance, calibration, and cleaning.

Background: Anesthesia equipment plays a vital role in ensuring patient safety and effective management during surgeries and other medical procedures. However, the maintenance, calibration, and cleaning of these devices are often overlooked. As anesthesia machines become more complex, incorporating computerized systems and microprocessors, the challenges related to their upkeep have increased. Proper knowledge and training among anesthesiologists are essential to ensure the effective functioning and safety of these devices. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of anesthesiologists working in Karachi’s tertiary care institutions regarding the maintenance, calibration, and cleaning of anesthesia devices Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four major tertiary care hospitals in Karachi: The Indus Hospital, Aga Khan University Hospital, Civil Hospital, and Liaquat National Hospital, from July to December 2022. A total of 119 anesthesiologists participated in the survey. A structured questionnaire was used, consisting of 24 questions divided into six sections: demographic information, general knowledge, maintenance, calibration, cleaning, and sterilization of anesthesia equipment, and general opinions on anesthesia equipment maintenance. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire designed to evaluate anesthesiologists' understanding of these critical procedures. Results: The study sample had a mean age of 33.31±5.51 years. A significant portion of participants, specifically 74.8%, 67.2%, and 56.3%, demonstrated inadequate knowledge regarding the maintenance, calibration, and cleaning of anesthesia equipment, respectively. These findings highlight a critical gap in knowledge across all aspects of equipment upkeep. Demographic factors such as age, gender, education level, and work experience did not show any statistically significant correlation with knowledge levels. Conclusion: The study reveals a concerning lack of knowledge among anesthesiologists in Karachi regarding the essential procedures for the maintenance, calibration, and cleaning of anesthesia devices. This knowledge gap could lead to adverse patient outcomes due to malfunctioning or improperly maintained equipment. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational interventions and training programs to improve anesthesiologists' proficiency in maintaining the safety and functionality of anesthesia equipment.

Adsorption behaviors and gas-sensing properties of Agn(n = 1–3)-MoSSe for gases (C2H2, C2H4, CO) in oil-filled electrical equipment

This paper deeply investigates the adsorption behavior, electronic properties, and gas-sensitive properties of characteristic gases on Agn(n = 1–3)-MoSSe in ultra-high voltage oil-filled equipment using density functional theory. It reveals that Ag clusters enhance MoSSe monolayers’ adsorption capacity for gases like C2H2, C2H4, and CO, promoting charge transfer and orbital hybridization, transitioning from physisorption to chemisorption. Ag2-MoSSe and Ag3-MoSSe monolayers exhibit excellent sensitivity and desorption characteristics towards these gases, with Ag3-MoSSe showing promise for rapid CO detection at room temperature. This study provides a theoretical basis for resistive semiconductor sensors’ application in explosion-proof calibration and testing of ultra-high voltage oil-filled equipment.

Development and testing of a remote calibration device for the temperature field of environmental testing equipment

Abstract Temperature is one of the important parameters for the calibration of environmental testing equipment. Due to its special working requirements and large volume and weight, the demand for on-site inspection and calibration of environmental testing equipment has always been high. Conducting research on remote calibration devices for temperature fields in environmental testing equipment is beneficial for improving the testing efficiency of environmental temperature and humidity, reducing the workload of testing personnel, and further reducing customer testing costs. By using ANT Wireless technology and using SHT3X temperature and humidity sensors to create a temperature field calibration device for environmental testing equipment, the above functions can be achieved. After testing, the maximum transmission distance of a single node can reach 70 meters, and the maximum networking distance between multiple nodes can exceed 1,000 meters. It can adapt to high and low-temperature impact tests at -20°C~60°C, and the response speed of temperature and humidity sensors is slightly slower than traditional temperature measurement thermocouples. It is suitable for calibration and detection of environmental testing equipment with good insulation performance.

The Ten Test and Sensory Evaluation of Hand and Finger Injuries in the Emergency Department

BackgroundHand and finger injuries are a common presenting complaint to the emergency department and are associated with significant morbidity. Neurologic evaluation of these injuries is a crucial component of the patient assessment and can be done via a variety of testing methods. DiscussionWhile most taught and cited in the emergency department literature, the two-point discrimination (2PD) test for sensation has several drawbacks, including limited reproducibility and reliability. While often utilized by hand surgical specialists, the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWM) test and the Weinstein Enhanced Sensory Test (WEST) are not practical for the emergency physician due to the need for specialized equipment and frequent calibration. The ten test, a relatively new sensory evaluation method, has been shown to be reliable, reproducible, and pragmatic in varying types of clinical environments. ConclusionThe ten test is a pragmatic alternative method of evaluation to two-point that is utilized by specialists in hand surgery and injuries. The emergency physician should consider adding the ten test to their evaluation and reporting of hand and finger injuries in the emergency department.

Toward Intelligent Head Impulse Test: A Goggle-Free Approach Using a Monocular Infrared Camera.

To assess vestibular function, video head impulse test (vHIT) is taken as the gold standard by evaluating the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). However, vHIT requires the patient to wear a specialized head-mounted goggle equipment that needs to be calibrated before each use. For this, we proposed an intelligent head impulse test (iHIT) setting with a monocular infrared camera instead of the head-mounted goggle and contributed correspondingly a video classification approach with deep learning to vestibular function determination. Within the iHIT framework, a monocular infrared camera was set in front of the patient to capture test videos, based on which a dataset DiHIT of HIT video clips was set up. We then proposed a two-stage multi-modal video classification network, trained on the dataset DiHIT, that took as input the eye motion and head motion data extracted from the facial keypoints via HIT clips and outputted the identification of the semicircular canal (SCC) being tested (SCC identification) and determination of VOR abnormality (SCC qualitation). Experiments on this dataset DiHIT showed that it achieved the accuracy of 100% in prediction of SCC identification. Furthermore, it attained predictive accuracies of 84.1% in horizontal and 79.0% in vertical SCC qualitation. Compared with existing video-based HIT, iHIT eliminates goggles, does not require equipment calibration, and achieves complete automation. Furthermore, iHIT will bring more benefits to users due to its low cost and ease of operation. Codes and use case pipeline are available at: https://github.com/dec1st2023/iHIT. 3 Laryngoscope, 2024.

Identifying and Addressing Errors in Anatomical Pathology: A Survey Analysis

Abstract Introduction/Objective To get an update on potential sources of pre-analytical, analytical, post-analytical and other sources of errors in anatomic pathology and strategies to mitigate such errors. Methods/Case Report The authors designed a 5-question survey in Google software and shared it widely on social media platforms. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) The survey, which garnered 43 responses from staff across various areas of the anatomic pathology laboratory, revealed significant insights. Labeling and fixation/preservation errors emerged as the most prevalent pre-analytical errors, while discrepancies between gross and microscopic examinations were common analytical errors. Specimen handling, inadequate clinical information, and transportation were the most frequently perceived other potential sources of errors. The implications of these findings are clear: robust protocols with multiple identifiers, staff training, and barcode labeling can significantly reduce patient identification errors. Similarly, standardized collection instructions, pre-labeled containers, and meticulous verification processes can effectively minimize such errors. Validated tests, standardized scoring systems, and proper investigation of quality control discrepancies are key to reducing analytical errors. Documented procedures, staff training, regular equipment calibration, and reagent testing are also crucial. Conclusion This study contributes to the literature on the current state of potential sources of errors in anatomic pathology. The study findings and recommendations on strategies to address such errors would improve the performance of the anatomic pathology laboratory and eventually improve patient care.

Development of a calibration management and critical analysis software using NFC technology

The ISO 17025 standard from 2017 aims to ensure the quality of services and results obtained through laboratory equipments. The standard guarantees that equipment testing, calibration, and maintenance are carried out according to internationally accepted quality standards, which ensures greater efficiency, lower costs, and conveys more trust to clients. In this work, it is presented the development of an application to manage the calibration of equipment in a company, along with a critical analysis of certificates. This application was developed for Android and iOS using the Flutterflow tool, and all the information regarding the equipment is securely and efficiently stored in a Firebase Firestore database. The application also supports the use of NFC tags integrated with the equipment to facilitate access to information in hard-to-reach environments. The solution is already in operation in two companies and has shown great potential for use in other companies for equipment calibration management.

Efficient Deep Q-Learning for Industrial Equipment Calibration in Elevator Manufacturing

Efficient Deep Q-Learning for Industrial Equipment Calibration in Elevator Manufacturing

Comprehensive risk management and safety strategies in radiation use in medical imaging

Radiation use in medical imaging, while essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, poses inherent risks that require comprehensive risk management and safety strategies. This review discusses the critical aspects of managing these risks in clinical settings, focusing on patient safety, staff protection, and environmental considerations. A major challenge in medical imaging is balancing the diagnostic benefits of radiation against potential harms, particularly in sensitive populations such as children and pregnant women. Comprehensive risk management involves implementing dose optimization techniques, such as using low-dose imaging protocols and advanced technologies like iterative reconstruction and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, which enhance image quality while minimizing exposure. Additionally, ensuring the safety of healthcare staff is paramount. This requires adherence to strict safety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), regular monitoring of radiation levels, and continuous education on safe radiation practices. Institutional policies must also address the proper maintenance and calibration of imaging equipment to prevent unnecessary exposure due to equipment malfunction or improper use. Environmental safety is another critical component, necessitating the safe disposal of radioactive materials and the adoption of energy-efficient technologies to reduce the environmental footprint of medical imaging. Regulatory compliance with international safety standards, such as those set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and national bodies, is essential for ensuring consistent safety practices across healthcare institutions. Future directions in radiation safety include the integration of digital health technologies to monitor and manage radiation exposure more effectively, and ongoing research into novel imaging techniques that could further reduce radiation risks. Collaboration between healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers is crucial to advancing safety standards and improving risk management strategies in medical imaging. This review highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing radiation risks in medical imaging, emphasizing the need for continuous innovation, education, and policy support to protect patients, healthcare workers, and the environment.

An ultrawideband conducted emission Direct-Coupling Probe calibration method

Conducted emission (CE) measurement is essential to integrated circuit (IC) electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, and accurate calibration of testing equipment is the prerequisite for the reliability of IC CE measurement. This paper proposes an ultrawideband Direct-Coupling Probe (DCP) calibration method. It can effectively improve the deficiencies of the calibration method described in standard IEC 61967-4. Impedance matching calibration fixtures were developed, and a de-embedding algorithm based on time domain reflectometry (TDR) and microwave scattering parameter measurement was proposed. This method can theoretically extend the calibration frequency range of DCP to 20 GHz. The experiment verifies the combination of the algorithm and fixtures can effectively suppress the reflection and ripple caused by the impedance mismatch between the instrument system and DCP and improve the accuracy and repeatability of the measurement process. Factors affecting calibration results, such as fixture characteristic impedance, grounding, and time window selection, are also analyzed and discussed.

Measuring the low divergent luminous flux emitted by LED torch lamps using a simple detector and a spectrometer as an alternative to an integrating sphere

The widespread use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in various applications has necessitated accurate measurement of their photometric parameters, particularly luminous flux. While traditional methods employing integrating spheres offer precise measurements, simpler and often cheaper techniques utilizing radiometric detectors and spectrometers present viable alternatives, especially for directional emissions. This article presents a comprehensive methodology for measuring luminous flux using a simple detector and a spectrometer, discussing equipment calibration, uncertainty analysis, and validation of the described method. The study delves into the intricacies of detector and spectrometer calibration, offering insights for traceability to a known reference standard in lumen measurement practices. Additionally, the article addresses uncertainties associated with luminous flux calculations and validates the proposed method against measurements from an independent laboratory. Limitations such as spectral response variations and temperature effects on measurements are mentioned. Moreover the article encompasses formula derivations and calculations, empowering readers to create and validate their own computation tools.

REVITALIZING CEREAL CROP PRODUCTION: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF MACRO AND MICRO-NUTRIENT FOLIAR SPRAYS ON GROWTH AND YIELD

Foliar fertilizer treatment has been identified as a viable source for boosting cereal crop growth and productivity. However, some elements such as application method, nutrient supply, and timing must be taken into account to get the best results. Foliar spray is an effective and focused method of nutrient delivery since it avoids soil shortages and encourages direct absorption through leaves. This review emphasizes the significance of macronutrients for crop growth and development, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. It also looks at how micronutrients like zinc, iron, manganese, etc affect the quantity and quality of agricultural production. Foliar spraying can be a useful method of giving these nutrients to crops, especially during crucial growth stages. To reduce the possibility of causing harm to the crops and surrounding environment, safety precautions should be taken throughout the foliar spraying process. These safety measures include careful nozzle selection, equipment calibration, and cleaning. Overall, the application of foliar nutrients has the potential to result in the production of cereal crops that are more effective and sustainable.

Uncertainty Calculation as a Service: Integrating Cloud-Based Microservices for Enhanced Calibration and DCC Generation.

The calibration industry is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated equipment and complex processes, which necessitate innovative solutions to keep pace with rapidly advancing technology. This paper introduces an enhancement to an existing microservice-based cloud architecture, aimed at effectively managing the inherent complexity within this field. The enhanced architecture seamlessly integrates various equipment types and communication technologies, aligning diverse stakeholder expectations into a unified system that ensures efficient and accurate calibration processes. It highlights the integration of microservices to facilitate various methods of uncertainty calculation and the generation of digital calibration certificates (DCCs). A case study on RF power measurement illustrates the practical application and benefits of the enhanced architecture. Although initially focused on RF power measurement, the flexible architecture allows for future expansions to accommodate new standards and measurement techniques. The enhanced system offers a comprehensive approach to managing data flow from calibration equipment to the final generation of DCCs, utilizing cloud-based services for efficient data processing. As a future direction, this extension sets the groundwork for broader applicability across multiple measurement types, ensuring readiness for upcoming advancements in metrology.

Quality Management In Ready-Mix Concrete Production In Zambia

The construction industry, a significant contributor to global economies, is projected to yield substantial economic output by 2030 of around $135 trillion. Central to construction is concrete, a widely used material. Ready-mix concrete (RMC), a specialised form of concrete, is gaining prominence due to its rapid setting and superior quality. In Zambia, the increasing demand for RMC highlights the need for stringent quality management to hedge potential structural risks. This study aimed to determine the quality management in ready-mix concrete production in Zambia. Employing a parallel convergent mixed-methods research design to achieve the objectives, qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews and desk study and quantitative data was gathered through a structured questionnaire and an observation checklist. The findings of the study reveal that while guidelines exist, adherence varies. Regulatory bodies for standards, engineering and construction play pivotal roles in overseeing RMC quality. However, their execution faces inconsistencies and challenges due to limited resources and a lack of sense of responsibility. Quality control practices were investigated unveiling variations in forward, immediate, and retrospective control phases. Notable trends in proper storage and equipment calibration showed a commitment to precision. Immediate control practices, encompassing sampling and non-compliance management, demonstrated both positive aspects and areas for improvement. Retrospective control showed commitment to comprehensive strength testing and minimal towards split cylinder testing and on-site slump evaluation. In the realm of quality assurance (QA), RMC facilities show substantial adherence to documented QA standard operating procedures and thorough raw material inspections. However, deficiencies in batching and mixing practices and limited adoption of modern weighing systems require improvement. The study recommends creating an industry association for collaboration, enhancing standardised practices, introducing third-party quality audits, and proposing compulsory RMC standards to boost progress in the Zambian RMC industry. Key Words: Quality Management, Ready Mix Concrete, Observation, Desk Study, Zambia.

Pre-Launch Calibration of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of Ultraviolet-Visible Hyperspectral Sensor Diffusers

An Ultraviolet-Visible Hyperspectral Sensors (UVS) instrument is an ultraviolet-visible imaging spectrograph equipped with two-dimensional charge-coupled device detectors. It records both the spectrum and the swath perpendicular to the flight direction, offering a wide 112° swath. This configuration enables global daily ground coverage with high spatial resolution. The absolute values of in-orbit solar irradiance can be evaluated using the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), with the measurement accuracy directly affecting the accuracy of constituent inversion. This paper outlines the calibration process for the BRDF of the UVS, detailing the calibration methods and equipment used. It also proposes a BRDF model and discusses key coefficients. The accuracy levels of the UVS in the UV1, UV2, and VIS channels were 2.162%, 2.162%, and 2.173%, respectively.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI PROYEK PENGADAAN ALAT PENGEMBANGAN CHAMBER BALAI UJI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN NET PRESENT VALUE, INTERNAL RATE RETURN DAN PAYBACK PERIOD DI PT DEF

PT DEF is one of the electronic equipment calibration checking companies in Depok, West Java. PT DEF carries out various checks in the activity chamber to support the successful entry of electronic equipment into Indonesia. The Anechoic Chamber is a chamber designed to absorb electromagnetic waves or sound so that environmental conditions outside the room will not affect the conditions inside the chamber. The Anechoic Chamber. An anechoic chamber is a chamber designed to minimize the reflection of sound waves. This space is lined with thick sound-absorbing material to prevent sound waves from bouncing off the walls, ceiling and floor. This allows accurate measurement of the acoustic characteristics of an object or sound. Anechoic chambers are used in various applications Acoustic research Anechoic chambers are used to research acoustic phenomena, such as sound wave propagation and diffraction. Investment. The anechoic chamber calculation uses Net Present Value (NVP), Internal rate of return (IRR), and Payback Period (PBP). The feasibility of investing in a project to procure test center chamber development equipment can be determined based on the calculation of Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback Period. . Based on the results of the NPV calculation, the results obtained were IDR 1,030,241,369,221. So, this investment project can be accepted. Based on the IRR calculation results, the result was 14.803%, meaning that the company's rate of return was greater than the interest rate that the company had to bear. This shows that in the 10th period the company will be able to provide profit results at the level of 14.803%, which is the cutting level. Therefore, the results of this analysis provide investment decisions that are worth implementing. Based on the calculation of the payback period, the Payback Period is less than the maximum amount (10) that can be accepted by the Payback Period, the project can be accepted and continued. In other words, more or less the return on capital from this investment is 8 months

Reference Standard of Median Nerve Conduction Study in Korea.

To establish the reference standard of the median nerve conduction study (NCS) in Korea. A total of 648 median motor and 602 median sensory NCSs from 349 Korean healthy volunteers were tested and analyzed prospectively. Equipment calibration, assessment of intraand inter-rater reliability, and the NCSs per se were conducted according to a predetermined protocol. A reference standard was established from uncertainty components for the following parameters: the onset and peak latencies; the baseline-to-peak and peak-to-peak amplitudes; the area and duration of the negative wave; and the nerve conduction velocity. The effects of sex, age and stimulation intensity were analyzed. Each measured value of 648 median motor and 602 median sensory nerves were obtained and presented with both mean and expanded uncertainties, as well as mean and standard deviations. The cut-off values with expanded uncertainty were determined for different age and sex groups. After adjusting for anthropometric covariates, all parameters except duration were affected by age, and sex appeared to influence both duration and area. While stimulation intensity significantly affected some parameters including latencies, the effect sizes were negligible. We propose the median NCS reference standard using the largest Korean dataset ever available. The use of the traceable and reliable reference standard is anticipated to promote more accurate and dependable diagnosis and appropriate management of median neuropathies in Korea.

Development of a Practical Procedure for Data-Driven Weigh-in-Motion Equipment Calibration Scheduling to Assure Data Accuracy and Consistency over Time

Weigh-in-motion (WIM) technology is a traffic monitoring technology that highway agencies use to obtain information about the weight, axle loading, and configuration of heavy vehicles moving at operational speed. To ensure high-quality WIM data, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recommends regular calibration of WIM equipment. This study addresses the need to optimize the allocation of the limited resources that agencies have for WIM equipment calibration by developing a procedure for data-driven calibration scheduling. This was accomplished through an analysis of WIM measurement errors from test truck data collected during field performance validation and calibration events and an analysis of monthly changes in truck weight and axle loading characteristics, based on WIM data collected between calibration events. The analysis results were used to draw conclusions on the functional performance of different WIM sites. The study also demonstrates how the newly developed National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) WIM Data Quality Assurance Analysis Tool can be used to compute truck weight and axle loading parameters and visualize data analysis results using four case studies: two WIM sites with piezo quartz sensors in asphalt pavements and two WIM sites with bending plate sensors in concrete pavements. This paper provides a practical procedure and recommendations that highway agencies can use to develop data-driven WIM calibration schedules that will ensure consistent high-quality WIM data for sites managed by an agency with the aid of the NCHRP WIM Data Quality Assurance Analysis Tool.