Equidistribution Result Research Articles

Applications of analytic newvectors for mathrm {GL}(n)

We provide a few natural applications of the analytic newvectors, initiated in Jana and Nelson (Analytic newvectors for text {GL}_n(mathbb {R}), arXiv:1911.01880 [math.NT], 2019), to some analytic questions in automorphic forms for mathrm {PGL}_n(mathbb {Z}) with nge 2, in the archimedean analytic conductor aspect. We prove an orthogonality result of the Fourier coefficients, a density estimate of the non-tempered forms, an equidistribution result of the Satake parameters with respect to the Sato–Tate measure, and a second moment estimate of the central L-values as strong as Lindelöf on average. We also prove the random matrix prediction about the distribution of the low-lying zeros of automorphic L-function in the analytic conductor aspect. The new ideas of the proofs include the use of analytic newvectors to construct an approximate projector on the automorphic spectrum with bounded conductors and a soft local (both at finite and infinite places) analysis of the geometric side of the Kuznetsov trace formula.

Bijective link between Chapoton’s new intervals and bipartite planar maps

In 2006, Chapoton defined a class of Tamari intervals called ”new intervals” in his enumeration of Tamari intervals, and he found that these new intervals are equi-enumerated with bipartite planar maps. We present here a direct bijection between these two classes of objects using a new object called ”degree tree”. Our bijection also gives an intuitive proof of an unpublished equi-distribution result of some statistics on new intervals given by Chapoton and Fusy.

True complexity of polynomial progressions in finite fields

AbstractThe true complexity of a polynomial progression in finite fields corresponds to the smallest-degree Gowers norm that controls the counting operator of the progression over finite fields of large characteristic. We give a conjecture that relates true complexity to algebraic relations between the terms of the progression, and we prove it for a number of progressions, including $x, x+y, x+y^{2}, x+y+y^{2}$ and $x, x+y, x+2y, x+y^{2}$. As a corollary, we prove an asymptotic for the count of certain progressions of complexity 1 in subsets of finite fields. In the process, we obtain an equidistribution result for certain polynomial progressions, analogous to the counting lemma for systems of linear forms proved by Green and Tao.

Equidistribution Results for Self-Similar Measures

Abstract A well-known theorem due to Koksma states that for Lebesgue almost every $x>1$ the sequence $(x^n)_{n=1}^{\infty }$ is uniformly distributed modulo one. In this paper, we give sufficient conditions for an analogue of this theorem to hold for a self-similar measure. Our approach applies more generally to sequences of the form $(f_{n}(x))_{n=1}^{\infty }$ where $(f_n)_{n=1}^{\infty }$ is a sequence of sufficiently smooth real-valued functions satisfying some nonlinearity conditions. As a corollary of our main result, we show that if $C$ is equal to the middle 3rd Cantor set and $t\geq 1$, then with respect to the natural measure on $C+t,$ for almost every $x$, the sequence $(x^n)_{n=1}^{\infty }$ is uniformly distributed modulo one.

High frequency limits for invariant Ruelle densities

We establish an equidistribution result for Ruelle resonant states on compact locally symmetric spaces of rank one. More precisely, we prove that among the first band Ruelle resonances there is a density one subsequence such that the respective products of resonant and co-resonant state converge weakly to the Liouville measure. We prove this result by establishing an explicit quantum-classical correspondence between eigenspaces of the scalar Laplacian and the resonant states of the first band of Ruelle resonances which also leads to a new description of Patterson-Sullivan distributions.

The variance of the number of sums of two squares in [inline-graphic 01] [T] in short intervals

Consider the number of integers in a short interval that can be represented as a sum of two squares. What is an estimate for the variance of these counts over random short intervals? We resolve a function field variant of this problem in the large $q$ limit, finding a connection to the $z$-measures first investigated in the context of harmonic analysis on the infinite symmetric group. A similar connection to $z$-measures is established for sums over short intervals of the divisor functions $d_z(n)$. We use these results to make conjectures in the setting of the integers which match very well with numerically produced data. Our proofs depend on equidistribution results of N. Katz and W. Sawin.

Equidistributed periodic orbits of $C^\infty$-generic three-dimensional Reeb flows

We prove that, for a $C^\infty$-generic contact form $\lambda$ adapted to a given contact distribution on a closed three-manifold, there exists a sequence of periodic Reeb orbits which is equidistributed with respect to $d\lambda$. This is a quantitative refinement of the $C^\infty$-generic density theorem for three-dimensional Reeb flows, which was previously proved by the author. The proof is based on the volume theorem in embedded contact homology (ECH) by Cristofaro-Gardiner, Hutchings, Ramos, and inspired by the argument of Marques-Neves-Song, who proved a similar equidistribution result for minimal hypersurfaces. We also discuss a question about generic behavior of periodic Reeb orbits representing ECH homology classes, and give a partial affirmative answer to a toy model version of this question which concerns boundaries of star-shaped toric domains.

On [formula omitted]-avoiding inversion and ascent sequences

Recently, Yan and the first author investigated systematically the enumeration of inversion or ascent sequences avoiding vincular patterns of length 3, where two of the three letters are required to be adjacent. They established many connections with familiar combinatorial families and proposed several interesting conjectures. The main objective of this paper is to prove two of their conjectures concerning the enumeration of 12̲0-avoiding inversion or ascent sequences. Additionally, concerning the last entry of 12̲0-avoiding inversion sequences, we prove two equidistribution results and find a new succession rule for the powered Catalan numbers. Towards a proof of an enumerative conjecture on 23̲14-avoiding permutations, we offer two refined equidistribution conjectures in connection with 110- and 12̲0-avoiding inversion sequences.

Differentiability of Relative Volumes Over an Arbitrary Non-Archimedean Field

AbstractGiven an ample line bundle $L$ on a geometrically reduced projective scheme defined over an arbitrary non-Archimedean field, we establish a differentiability property for the relative volume of two continuous metrics on the Berkovich analytification of $L$, extending previously known results in the discretely valued case. As applications, we provide fundamental solutions to certain non-Archimedean Monge–Ampère equations and generalize an equidistribution result for Fekete points. Our main technical input comes from determinant of cohomology and Deligne pairings.

An effective equidistribution result for SL(2,R)⋉(R2)⊕k and application to inhomogeneous quadratic forms

Let $G=$SL$(2,R)\ltimes(R^2)^{\oplus k}$ and let $\Gamma$ be a congruence subgroup of SL$(2,Z)\ltimes(Z^2)^{\oplus k}$. We prove a polynomially effective asymptotic equidistribution result for special types of unipotent orbits in $\Gamma\backslash G$ which project to pieces of closed horocycles in SL$(2,Z)\backslash$SL$(2,R)$. As an application, we prove an effective quantitative Oppenheim type result for the quadratic form $(m_1-\alpha)^2+(m_2-\beta)^2-(m_3-\alpha)^2-(m_4-\beta)^2$, for $(\alpha,\beta)$ of Diophantine type, following the approach by Marklof [24] using theta sums.

Monodromy of Hyperplane Sections of Curves and Decomposition Statistics over Finite Fields

Abstract For a projective curve $C\subset \textbf{P} ^n$ defined over a finite field $\textbf{F} _q$ we study the statistics of the $\textbf{F} _q$-structure of a section of $C$ by a random hyperplane defined over $\textbf{F} _q$ in the $q\to \infty $ limit. We obtain a very general equidistribution result for this problem. We deduce many old and new results about decomposition statistics over finite fields in this limit. Our main tool will be the calculation of the monodromy of transversal hyperplane sections of a projective curve.

Optimal estimates for an average of Hurwitz class numbers

In this paper, we give an optimal estimate of an average of Hurwitz class numbers. As an application, we give an equidistribution result of the family \(\Big \{\frac{t}{2q^{\nu /2}} \ | \ \nu \in {{\mathbb {N}}}, t \in {{\mathbb {Z}}}, |t|\leqslant 2q^{\nu /2}\Big \}\) with q prime, weighted by Hurwitz class numbers. This equidistribution produces many asymptotic relations among Hurwitz class numbers. Our proof relies on the resolvent trace formula of Hecke operators on elliptic cusp forms of weight \(k\geqslant 2.\)

Equidistribution of bounded torsion CM points

Averaging over imaginary quadratic fields, we prove, quantitatively, the equidistribution of CM points associated to 3-torsion classes in the class group. We conjecture that this equidistribution holds for points associated to ideals of any fixed odd order. We prove a partial equidistribution result in this direction and present empirical evidence.

Distributions of mesh patterns of short lengths

A systematic study of avoidance of mesh patterns of length 2 was conducted by Hilmarsson et al., where 25 out of 65 non-equivalent cases were solved. In this paper, we give 27 distribution results for these patterns including 14 distributions for which avoidance was not known. Moreover, for the unsolved cases, we prove an equidistribution result (out of 6 equidistribution results we prove in total), and conjecture 6 more equidistributions. Finally, we find seemingly unknown distribution of the well known permutation statistic “strict fixed point”, which plays a key role in many of our enumerative results.This paper is the first systematic study of distributions of mesh patterns. Our techniques to obtain the results include, but are not limited to, obtaining functional relations for generating functions, and finding recurrence relations and bijections.

Pluripotential theory on the support of closed positive currents and applications to dynamics in $$\mathbb {C}^n$$Cn

We extend certain classical theorems in pluripotential theory to a class of functions defined on the support of a $(1,1)$-closed positive current $T$, analogous to plurisubharmonic functions, called $T$-plurisubharmonic functions. These functions are defined as limits, on the support of $T$, of sequences of plurisubharmonic functions decreasing on this support. In particular, we show that the poles of such functions are pluripolar sets. We also show that the maximum principle and the Hartogs's theorem remain valid in a weak sense. We study these functions by means of a class of measures, so-called "pluri-Jensen measures", about which we prove that they are numerous on the support of $(1,1)$-closed positive currents. We also obtain, for any fat compact set, an expression of its relative Green's function in terms of an infimum of an integral over a set of pluri-Jensen measures. We then deduce, by means of these measures, a characterization of the polynomially convex fat compact sets, as well as a characterization of pluripolar sets, and the fact that the support of a closed positive $(1,1)$-current is nowhere pluri-thin. In the second part of this article, these tools are used to study dynamics of a certain class of automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^n$ which naturally generalize H\'enon's automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^2$. First we study the geometry of the support of canonical invariant currents. Then we obtain an equidistribution result for the convergence of pull-back of certain measures towards an ergodic invariant measure, with compact support.

Distribution of the Periodic Points of the Farey Map

We expand the cross section of the geodesic flow in the tangent bundle of the modular surface given by Series to produce another section whose return map under the geodesic flow is a double cover of the natural extension of the Farey map. We use this cross section to extend the correspondence between the closed geodesics on the modular surface and the periodic points of the Gauss map to include the periodic points of the Farey map. Then, analogous to the work of Pollicott, we prove an equidistribution result for the periodic points of the Farey map when they are ordered according to the length of their corresponding closed geodesics.

Equidistribution of saddle connections on translation surfaces

Fix a translation surface $ X $, and consider the measures on $ X $ coming from averaging the uniform measures on all the saddle connections of length at most $ R $. Then, as $ R\to\infty $, the weak limit of these measures exists and is equal to the area measure on $ X $ coming from the flat metric. This implies that, on a rational-angled billiard table, the billiard trajectories that start and end at a corner of the table are equidistributed on the table. We also show that any weak limit of a subsequence of the counting measures on $ S^1 $ given by the angles of all saddle connections of length at most $ R_n $, as $ R_n\to\infty $, is in the Lebesgue measure class. The proof of the equidistribution result uses the angle result, together with the theorem of Kerckhoff-Masur-Smillie that the directional flow on a surface is uniquely ergodic in almost every direction.

Almost-prime times in horospherical flows on the space of lattices

An integer is called almost-prime if it has fewer than a fixed number of prime factors. In this paper, we study the asymptotic distribution of almost-prime entries in horospherical flows on \begin{document}$ \Gamma\backslash {{\rm{SL}}}_n(\mathbb{R}) $\end{document} , where \begin{document}$ \Gamma $\end{document} is either \begin{document}$ {{\rm{SL}}}_n(\mathbb{Z}) $\end{document} or a cocompact lattice. In the cocompact case, we obtain a result that implies density for almost-primes in horospherical flows where the number of prime factors is independent of basepoint, and in the space of lattices we show the density of almost-primes in abelian horospherical orbits of points satisfying a certain Diophantine condition. Along the way we give an effective equidistribution result for arbitrary horospherical flows on the space of lattices, as well as an effective rate for the equidistribution of arithmetic progressions in abelian horospherical flows.

On the Distribution of Satake Parameters for Siegel Modular Forms

We prove a harmonically weighted equidistribution result for the p -th Satake parameters of the family of automorphic cuspidal representations of \operatorname{PGSp}(2n) of fixed weight \mathtt{k} and prime-to- p level N\to \infty . The main tool is a new asymptotic Petersson formula for \operatorname{PGSp}(2n) in the level aspect.

Irreducible polynomials over [formula omitted] with three prescribed coefficients

For any positive integers n≥3 and r≥1, we prove that the number of monic irreducible polynomials of degree n over F2r in which the coefficients of Tn−1, Tn−2 and Tn−3 are prescribed has period 24 as a function of n, after a suitable normalization. A similar result holds over F5r, with the period being 60. We also show that this is a phenomena unique to characteristics 2 and 5. The result is strongly related to the supersingularity of certain curves associated with cyclotomic function fields, and in particular it complements an equidistribution result of Katz.