Equestrian Clubs Research Articles

Join in the ‘upper-class’ student activities: UGM equestrian unit (unit berkuda UGM)

<p class="Abstract">Due to historical relationships with the military, royalty, landed gentry and upper-class society, equestrian sport faces regular accusations of being elitist and exclusionary. How about in Indonesia? Equestrian clubs are now a lot of popping up and become popular in some of major cities in this country. Even though looks similar, equestrian is totally different from traditional Indonesian horse race: ‘Pacuan Kuda’ that has already existed in this country. After millennium, various discourses in the media about equestrian also forming the discourse of exclusionary in this country. Understand equestrian sport is important to consider how people participate in the sport and the different ways it is represented across countries, in this case is in Indonesia. UGM Equestrian Unit, one of an oldest equestrian club in Yogyakarta<span lang="IN">,</span> Indonesia<span lang="IN">,</span> that consistently stands for UGM students since 1989. Many ways are done by this club in recruiting members every year and present themselves as a humble sport that can be followed by every UGM student in Yogyakarta, but the image of an ‘upper-class’ student activities appears even stronger year after year. Why did it happen?<o:p></o:p></p>

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia intestinalis in racehorses from the Sichuan province of southwestern China.

Giardia intestinalis, a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite, is one of the most common causes of protozoal diarrhea in both humans and animals worldwide. Although G. intestinalis has been detected in many animals, information regarding its prevalence and genotype in Chinese racehorses is scarce. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of G. intestinalis in racehorses and performed molecular characterization of the pathogen to assess its zoonotic potential. Two hundred and sixty-four racehorse fecal samples from six equestrian clubs located in different regions of the Sichuan province of southwestern China were examined. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the gene encoding triose-phosphate isomerase (tpi) showed the prevalence of G. intestinalis to be 8.3% (22/264), and the prevalence in different clubs varied from 3.6% to 13.5%. Three assemblages were identified in the successfully sequenced samples, including the potentially zoonotic assemblages A (n = 5) and B (n = 14), the mouse-specific assemblage G (n = 3), and a mixed A and B assemblage. Sequence analysis of tpi, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and beta giardin (bg) loci revealed that the majority of sequences isolated from assemblage A were identical to the subtype AIV and assemblage B isolates showed variability among the nucleotide sequences of the subtype BIV. Using the nomenclature for the multilocus genotype (MLG) model, one each of multilocus genotypes A (MLG1) and B (MLG2) were identified, with MLG2 being a novel genotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate G. intestinalis in Chinese racehorses. The presence of both animal and human assemblages of G. intestinalis in racehorses indicated that these animals might constitute a potential zoonotic risk to human beings.

Playing with fire – What is influencing horse owners’ decisions to not vaccinate their horses against deadly Hendra virus infection?

Hendra virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus, which causes severe respiratory and neurological disease in horses and humans. Since 2012, the Hendra virus sub-unit G vaccine has been available for horse vaccination in Australia. Uptake of the vaccine has been limited and spill-over events of Hendra virus infection in horses continue to occur. We conducted an online, questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of 376 horse owners belonging to a variety of different equestrian clubs in Queensland, Australia, to identify risk factors for non-vaccination against Hendra virus. A total of 43.1% (N = 162) of horse owners indicated that they currently did not vaccinate against Hendra virus infection, while 56.9% (N = 214) currently vaccinated against Hendra virus infection. A total of 52 risk factors were evaluated relating to equestrian activities, horse management, perceived risk and severity of horse and human infection with Hendra virus, side effects of Hendra vaccination, other vaccinations conducted by horse owners and horse owners’ attitudes towards veterinarians. The final multivariable logistics regression model identified the following risk factors associated with increased odds of non-vaccination against Hendra virus: 1) perceived low risk (compared to high) of Hendra virus infection to horses (considering the horse owners’ location and management practices) or horse owners were unsure about the risk of infection, 2) perceived moderate severity (compared to very severe or severe) of Hendra virus infection in humans, 3) horse owners non-vaccination of their pets, 4) horse owners non-vaccination against strangles disease in horses, 5) handling of more than three horses per week (compared to one horse only) and 6) perceived attitude that veterinarians had a high motivation of making money from Hendra virus vaccination (compared to veterinarians having a low motivation of making money from Hendra virus vaccination). Horse owners were more likely to vaccinate against Hendra virus if horses were used for dressage, show jumping or eventing. The study also identified horse owners’ concerns about side-effects and about the lack of evidence on vaccine efficacy.

Seropositivity of Equine Viral Arteritis in horses in Iraqi Equestrian club

This study aimed for the detection of the presence of equine viral Arteritis (EVA) infection in horses in Iraq. A hundred and eighty-six blood sample were collected from horses attended to the state clinic in Equestrian club in Baghdad in the period extended from May to November 2014, the samples were transported to the laboratory of clinical pathology in Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine/Baghdad University. Serum samples were submitted to competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (cELISA) for detection of Equine arteritis virus specific antibodies, the study revealed that 1.61%(3 samples) of the examined samples were seropositive to applied test, that may consider the first indication to the presence of infection with EAV in Iraq .

Injuries during Equestrian Vaulting

Background: Vaulting is the least studied equestrian sports regarding the occurrence of injuries. As its sequences of motion do not compare to riding, vaulting must be assessed separately. Material and Methods: This retrospective, questionnaire-aided survey was aimed to gain insight into the overall frequency of injuries among equestrian vaulters. The second part of the study looked into the knee injuries that occurred. Survey forms were sent to 60 vaulting and equestrian clubs all over Germany, making for a response rate of 63 %. Results: 95 % of 624 responding athletes were female. The pool of participants consisted of both amateur and professional level vaulters with a mean age of 15 years. The survey showed a mean number of 4.1 injuries sustained during the observation period, i. e. the entire time an athlete had been active in the sport up to the data collection. The lower extremities were the most commonly injured area with a total proportion of 45 %, followed by injuries to the spine and the head with 30 %, and the upper extremities with 25 %. Contusions accounted for the highest number of reported injuries. Other frequently reported injuries included muscle strain to the head and spine, fractures to the upper extremity and ligament damage to the lower extremity. 14 % of the participants experienced at least one knee injury. The medial collateral ligament (27 %) was found to be most prone to lesions, followed by the anterior cruciate ligament (23 %) and the medial meniscus (22 %). Half of all knee injuries occurred during dismounts, especially when swing-offs or flanks led to faulty landings. Conclusions: The results show that the lower extremity is the most commonly affected area. The ligamentous injuries affecting the lower extremity mainly result from dismounts. A specific training aimed at improving landing techniques might therefore prove beneficial in preventing injuries. The frequency of contusions and fractures to the upper extremity suggests that these injuries are related to falls.

Impact of active tourism on economic development: Example of the Fruska Gora National park (Vojvodina, north Serbia)

Over the past few years, there has been intensified research about active tourism development in the area of Fruška Gora National Park and its impact on economic and business development, namely, potential development of certain economic categories within the given area and the gravitating area of the national park. Based on this, the main hypothesis has been formulated. It explains that more intensive development of tourism trends (for which favourable preconditions exist) in Fruška Gora National Park have positive impact on the overall economic development of the gravitation zone, which includes the area of the city of Novi Sad (Serbia). The primary goal of this study was to investigate the attitudes of respondents about Fruška Gora National Park as a tourism resource suitable for development of active tourism, and to show existing and potential impacts of the economic categories. The survey was conducted in prominent cycling, hiking and equestrian clubs in the city of Novi Sad, and on a random sample of the residents of Novi Sad (the sample of 303 respondents). The data were processed with the SPSS program (version 17.0). To determine the frequency of specific deviations chi square test was used.

Molecular Identification of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in Horses

The objective of this study to evaluate the existence of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi as probable agents of naturally occurring infection of the equine upper respiratory disease from the Equestrian club in Baghdad city. Nasal swabs and pus samples from 141 horses with upper respiratory tract infections were collected. Results indicated that different microorganisms were isolated and identified S. equi subsp equi (30 isolates), S. equi subsp zooepidemicus (14 isolates), S. equisimilus (9 isolates), Enterococcus. fecalis (17 isolates), Pasteurella spp. (29 isolates), Staphylococcus spp. (25 isolates), Bacillus spp. (24 isolates), Pseudomonas spp.(16 isolates), and E. coli (21 isolates). All 30 isolates of S. equi was characterized by biochemical tests. For molecular identification of the subspecies S. equi one genomic region SeM was amplified.

National getaways for the weary trauma surgeon; part 1: kish island.

National getaways for the weary trauma surgeon; part 1: kish island.

Optimal post-breeding interval for pregnancy diagnosis in mares by using ultrasonographic technique

The present study was conducted in two different farms, including (256) foaling mares in : AL-Laith equine herd and equestrian club in AL-Ameria, 4-14 years old foaling mares which are situated in areas around Baghdad and extended one calendar from July 2011 until July 2012 . These mares were examined for pregnancy diagnosis by trans-rectal ultrasonography using a 5 MHz lineararray transducer between Days 10 and 40 after breeding (breeding day = Day 0). Criteria to assess the accuracy of trans-rectal sonography were overall accuracy (correct diagnoses/all diagnoses), sensitivity (correct diagnoses "pregnant"/all pregnant animals), and specificity (correct diagnoses "non-pregnant" /all non-pregnant animals. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of trans-rectal ultrasonography were 91.4%, 96.2% and 94.7%, respectively, around day (10-40). Accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity of pregnancy diagnosis were superior (97.8%, 95.2% and 100%), respectively, in (31 - 35) day post breeding (P< 0.01). The results of this study showed a significant difference (P<0.01) in the parameters of sensitivity and various post-breeding intervals. The results of the present study revealed that using trans-rectal ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis in mares could be used and are reliable under field conditions from day (31) of Gestation onward

Using critical realism: a new perspective on control of volunteers in sport clubs

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the theoretical and practical application of Critical Realism (CR) as a new methodological perspective in research on sport volunteering. To date, much of the sport volunteering research has been underpinned by a polarity of positivist and interpretivist methodologies which has contributed to narrow ontological perspectives of the sport volunteering phenomenon. Data from a 3-year multiple case study of three equestrian sport clubs are used to illustrate how CR provides a new perspective of control in this context. To complement the CR philosophy, Altheide's Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) was employed in data analysis. Using the CR ontology of multiple realities and ECA, control in sport clubs is theorised as complex, dynamic and contextually sensitive. The results of this analysis reveal the objective, observable elements of control, the subjective interpretations of control and the underlying generative mechanisms which are thought to have given rise to the forms of control and how they are used within the clubs in this dataset. Building on Downward's introduction of CR to research on Sport Tourism, this paper contributes to the literature on sport volunteerism by offering a more extensive discussion of CR as a new methodological perspective worthy of further application across a range of issues related to sport volunteerism.

A brief note on the information-seeking behavior of UK leisure horse owners

Abstract Equine welfare charities have identified the education of (primarily novice) horse owners as the principal route to tackling the majority of equine welfare problems in the United Kingdom. To reach and educate owners effectively, we must understand where they seek advice about issues that arise when owning or caring for a horse. Questions regarding information-seeking behavior were included in an Internet survey completed by a convenience sample of 1,326 UK leisure horse owners, recruited online and through electronic and postal mail shots to equestrian clubs and establishments. The questions asked where the owners sought advice regarding 4 different subject areas: horse behavior, health, stable care, and training. Respondents were asked to select their main sources of information from a list of 7—books/magazines, vet/farrier, instructor, Internet/forums, friends/family, tack shops, and other. Although books/magazines were the most frequently used information source across all 4 subject areas overall, there were differences between the 4 subject areas in the most commonly selected sources (χ 2 = 992, P 2 = 254, P Z = −13.32, P Z = −3.93, P Z = −9.49, P Z = −8.26, P

Serum glucose concentration and lipid profile in racing horses

The aim of the present work was to evaluate serum glucose concentration and lipid profile in racing horses in Iraq. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 92 clinically healthy racing horses (males and females, Arabian and Cross bred), 2-8 years old at Equestrian Club, Baghdad. Investigations included serum measurements of glucose (sg) and lipid profile parameters; total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and the atherogenic ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C), in order to register the normal ranges and mean values of these measured parameters in Iraqi healthy racing horses. Results showed that the range and mean values ± standard error of sg were: 33.3 – 6.71 mmol/l and 5.17±0.07 mmol/l, respectively, whereas the TC was 2.07 – 4.22 mmol/l and 3.01±0.05 mmol/l, TG 0.6 – 1.47 mmol/l and 1.06±0.02 mmol/l, HDL-C 0.93 – 2.25 mmol/l and 1.50±0.03 mmol/l, LDL-C 0.10 – 2.12 mmol/l and 0.91±0.04 mmol/l, VLDL-C 0.31 -0.67 mmol/l and 0.55±0.02 mmol/l, respectively and the atherogenic ratio 0.66±0.03. The data present reference values and mean ± SE for sg and lipid profile parameters in healthy racing horses in Baghdad.

Hematological changes of Anemia`s in Horses of Equestrian club in Baghdad

This study was conducted to know thehematological changes of anemia in horsesat equestrian club in Baghdad. Blood samples were collected from 151 horses of both sexes(74 male and 77 female) and different agesrandomly. The study includedred blood cells count, white blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and differential blood smears, togetherwith erythrocyte sedimentation rate readings. The study showed increased white blood cells count mainly neutrophilwith decreased hemoglobinand red blood cell countin addition to erythrocyte sedimentation rate.The blood smears showeddifferent changes of red blood cell.

Analysis of horse breeding and equestrian sports in the Republic of Croatia

Horse breeding in the Republic of Croatia, before its entrance into European Union, is in the transitional period. In the breeding sense, Croatian horse breeding is set according to the model of European countries and is trying to counteract with ?modern horse breeding countries?. Croatian Center for Horse Breeding - Djakovo and Lipik State Stud Farms (CCHB), with the Central register of equidae is, as the head national institution, responsible for running and maintaining national central equidae database (49 registers of horses and 27 registers of breeding types). Croatia has registered total of 21.796 equidae, from which 19.306 animals are horses. Registered horses according to groups make the total proportion of 37% warmblood horses, 59% coldblood horses and 4% ponies. Horse breeders are organized in breeders associations, which form federations of associations referring to separate horse breeds. Currently in Croatia there are four federations of breeders associations (with 43 associations and 11 private stud farms). Those verified breeding organizations are conducting independently breeding programs and fully maintain breeding and selection obligations for horse breeds for which they have approval of the Croatian Ministry. Native breeds in Croatia are Croatian Coldblood, Croatian Posavac and Medjimurje horse (Murinsulaner), while Lipizzan horse is considered as protected breed. Development of horse breeding is considerably supported with national subsidies. Internationally verified breeds which are bred in Croatia are Lipizzan horse, Pure Arabian horses, Thoroughbred, Haflinger and Gidran horses. The horse breeding in Croatia is developing in four different directions. Ecological breeding implies native horse breeds and is spread on the areas of protected nature resorts in Croatia. Croatians are through their history connected to horse breeding, which is even today irreplaceable in traditional cultural manifestations (Djakovacki vezovi, Vinkovacke jeseni, Sinjska alka, etc.), various horse shows and fairs and also in more ?modern? ways through recreation and entertainment. The third direction of development of horse breeding in Croatia is therapeutic riding, which includes 26 associations, over one hundred horses and over one thousand users organized under the Therapeutic Riding Association of Croatia. Sports horse breeding represents fourth direction in Croatian horse breeding. It is formed by four federations: Croatian Trotting Federation (trotting), Croatian Gallop Federation (gallop sport) and Croatian Equestrian Federation (endurance, dressage, military, show jumping, driving). Croatian Equestrian Federation includes 49 equestrian clubs. In the last four years between 455 and 582 competitors and between 495 and 581 horses (for show jumping 45%, dressage 31%, endurance 19%, driving 5% and military) were licensed annually. Croatia achieved noticeable results on the international scene in driving sports and in Paralympics. In all mentioned directions of Croatian horse breeding, the tendency should be directed to achieving higher breeding standards (nutrition, stabling, transport, training) and more rational using of horses. Such breeding and using of horses will lead to top bred horses and successful sport horses. This implies synchronized work through long period of time, respecting institutional and breeding rules.

The weight of affluence

A multicultural field gathered at 07:00 for the start of the recent Abu Dhabi half marathon. Runners from Australia, Canada, France, India, South Africa and the United Kingdom, to name but a few of the countries represented, took their marks. Yet of the 306 runners who made it back to the Golf and Equestrian Club, not one was from the United Arab Emirates. Chris Collier, from the Abu Dhabi Striders Club, which organizes the annual event, puts the absence of local entrants down to the lack of an exercise culture in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We're definitely not just a club for expats, Collier, an Englishman, explained. We welcome all nationalities and in the past have given young Emiratis the chance to join us on our weekly runs, but we have had little response. He adds: is no culture of running here in the UAE. Why would you get willingly hot and bothered in this sort of heat? The low levels of exercise, along with a taste for fast foods laden with carbohydrates, salt, fat and processed sugar is cause for increasing concern about the nation's health. In 2000 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that over 50% of men and women in the UAE were overweight or obese. These rates are also increasing in other countries in the region. [WHO defines overweight as a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 25 kg/[m.sup.2] and obesity as a BMI equal to or greater than 30 kg/[m.sup.2].] In 2008, the Department of Nutrition and Health at UAE University reported that about a quarter of children aged between eight and 12 were overweight. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Where there is obesity, diabetes follows. In 2000 WHO reported that 13.5% of the UAE population was diabetic, the second-highest prevalence of the disease in the world; this figure is expected to rise to 19.3% by 2030. Of course, the UAE is not alone in facing these problems. WHO says obesity has reached alarming numbers globally. In 2005 it estimated that 1.6 billion adults were overweight, of whom at least 400 million were obese. But it is the rapidity with which these problems have taken hold in the UAE where less than half a century ago the people--nomadic Bedouin desert farmers and coastal dwellers involved in pearling and sea trade--still subsisted on a diet of fish, rice, bread, dates, yogurt, homegrown vegetables and meat from sheep, goats and camels. Oil production, which started in the 1960s, has triggered massive population growth and urbanization and an attendant change in lifestyle. However, obesity and related illness in the UAE are not exclusive to the country's nationals, who account for less than 20% of the population. The country's development relies heavily on expatriate labour, mainly from Bangladesh, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Pakistan, the Philippines and Sri Lanka. Dr Ayoub Al Jawaldeh, regional adviser on nutrition at WHO's Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), says people have become victims of their affluence. are spoiled by their high incomes, he says. have a driver, a maid to do their housework and they enjoy eating at They also watch at least three hours of TV a day, more in summer. People used to cook at home. Now we have delivery services from any number of restaurants. Al Jawaldeh says food portions have become too big. Low levels of exercise and overeating the wrong foods--all this has led to increasing obesity. It starts early in childhood. There is no control of the food in the school canteens where they sell fast food and soft drinks. Of course, this is not something linked to the UAE alone, but in Europe and the United States of America, people realize they need to change their diet and lifestyle. There isn't that same awareness in this part of the world. While he cites a lack of health awareness among the public, there are signs of urgency among government officials in tackling the problem. …

Analysis of problems using Data Mining techniques – findings from sports clubs in Germany

Sports clubs are often objects of investigation in European research on sport and society. Usually descriptive analyses are carried out and sport clubs are differentiated by structural factors such as size, age, and number of offered sports. However, these factors do not always have to be the distinctive ones as sports clubs are very heterogeneous and have many other features. Therefore, a more explorative analysis was applied using Data Mining for the analysis of the four main problems in German sports clubs. These problems are the adherence and acquisition of volunteers, adolescent competitive athletes, coaches, and members. The data base for the analysis of problems is the Sport Development Report 2007/2008 (n = 13,068). Decision trees were estimated for all four problems. The findings suggest that, beside the size of the club, the share of members participating in convivial gatherings and the offered sports are decisive for the severity of these problems. Some problems were higher in soccer, tennis, shooting, and equestrian clubs. With regard to further research, a comparison of Data Mining results in European sports club research would be interesting.

Horseback Riding: Impact on Sexual Dysfunction and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men and Women

To determine whether subjects engaged in horseback riding are more likely to be affected by sexual dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms than those engaged in sports with less perineal impact. Surveys evaluating the presence of and the risk factors for sexual dysfunction and urinary symptoms were distributed among members of equestrian clubs, swimming clubs, and individual horseback riders and swimmers. About 327 surveys were distributed by hand at horse shows and swimming pools. A total of 2000 surveys were sent by direct mail to random members of 1 national equestrian organization and 1 national swimming organization. We also evaluated bicycle habits as a possible confounding factor. There was no significant association between horseback riding and lower urinary tract symptoms (P = .1759) and sexual dysfunction (P = .1793) in males. The same applies to the association of horseback riding and lower urinary tract symptoms (P = .5036) and sexual dysfunction (P > .05) in females, although there was a trend toward a protective association between horseback riding and stress incontinence (P = .0567). Years of bicycling (P = .04) and hardness of the bicycle seat (P = .02) were associated with an increased prevalence for lower urinary tract symptoms in women. Regular participation in horseback riding is not significantly associated with increased prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms or sexual dysfunction, although it may be associated with decreased prevalence of stress urinary incontinence. Bicycle riding may be associated with higher prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in women.

Epidemiological perspectives on Hendra virus infection in horses and flying foxes

Hendra virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus, which causes severe respiratory and neurological disease in horses and humans. Since 2012, the Hendra virus sub-unit G vaccine has been available for horse vaccination in Australia. Uptake of the vaccine has been limited and spill-over events of Hendra virus infection in horses continue to occur. We conducted an online, questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of 376 horse owners belonging to a variety of different equestrian clubs in Queensland, Australia, to identify risk factors for non-vaccination against Hendra virus. A total of 43.1% (N = 162) of horse owners indicated that they currently did not vaccinate against Hendra virus infection, while 56.9% (N = 214) currently vaccinated against Hendra virus infection. A total of 52 risk factors were evaluated relating to equestrian activities, horse management, perceived risk and severity of horse and human infection with Hendra virus, side effects of Hendra vaccination, other vaccinations conducted by horse owners and horse owners' attitudes towards veterinarians. The final multivariable logistics regression model identified the following risk factors associated with increased odds of non-vaccination against Hendra virus: 1) perceived low risk (compared to high) of Hendra virus infection to horses (considering the horse owners' location and management practices) or horse owners were unsure about the risk of infection, 2) perceived moderate severity (compared to very severe or severe) of Hendra virus infection in humans, 3) horse owners non-vaccination of their pets, 4) horse owners non-vaccination against strangles disease in horses, 5) handling of more than three horses per week (compared to one horse only) and 6) perceived attitude that veterinarians had a high motivation of making money from Hendra virus vaccination (compared to veterinarians having a low motivation of making money from Hendra virus vaccination). Horse owners were more likely to vaccinate against Hendra virus if horses were used for dressage, show jumping or eventing. The study also identified horse owners' concerns about side-effects and about the lack of evidence on vaccine efficacy.

乗馬クラブにおける馬<I>Halicephalobus</I>感染症の続発

In June 2003, at an equestrian club in Ishikawa Prefecture, euthanasia was performed on a 10-year-old thoroughbred gelding demonstrating lassitude, fever, ataxia, and a tendency to fall. Necropsy revealed 2 granulomatous masses (5×5×3cm) in the right kidney. They were firm, gray, and partially fused. Microscopic evaluation revealed multifocal granulomatous nephritis with nematodes, a condition compatible with Malicephahbus gingivalis. Similar lesions were seen in the brain and superficial cervical lymph nodes as well. This is the third case report of Halicephalobus infection in Japan. Because the second of the incidents occurred at the same equestrian club in March 2000, the morphology of the nematodes in the case reported on here were compared with that of nematodes obtained from local soil samples. The numerous nematodes manifested various shapes: some corresponded to renal nematodes. Their number in the soil suggested that free-living environmental nematodes could be a potential source of equine Halicephalobus infection.