Linier Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEE PLACEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS OFFICE OF WAROPEN REGENCY PAPUA PROVINCE

Problem (GAP): Providing optimal performance and maintaining a competitive advantage are the primary goals of dynamic organizations. The most potential and critical factor in designing strategies to excel in organizational competition is human resources, and this depends on the proper adaptation of these resources to align with organizational goals. Poor positioning can be problematic for an organization. In this context, the Social Affairs Office (Dinsos) of Waropen Regency faces a mismatch between the employees' skills and the tasks, principles, and functions of the organization. Objective: To identify, analyze, and describe whether job placement affects the performance of employees at the Social Affairs Office of Waropen Regency, Papua Province. Method: This study used a quantitative approach to examine the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The dependent variable in this study was employee performance, and the independent variable was employee placement. Results/Findings: The study found that job placement significantly affects employee performance, as indicated by the t- value of 7.847 which is higher than the t-table value of 2.10982. Therefore, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, indicating that employee placement partially influences performance. The better the employee placement the higher the satisfaction level which leads to positive impacts on the employees' performance. Conclusion: Employee placement significantly affects performance improvement by 77.4%, with the remaining 22.6% influenced by other variables outside this study. The regression line equation is y= a + bx, where y = 13.870 + 0.806, indicating that a 1% increase in b results in a corresponding increase in the employee performance variable.

Modeling of Power Line Operation Modes Based on Long Line Equations in Hyperbolic Functions Taking into Account Specific Corona Losses with Nonlinear Conductivity

Modeling of Power Line Operation Modes Based on Long Line Equations in Hyperbolic Functions Taking into Account Specific Corona Losses with Nonlinear Conductivity

Network algebraization and port relationship for power‐electronic‐dominated power systems

AbstractIn the classical differential‐algebraic equations (DAEs) framework for the traditional power system stability analysis, synchronous generators are depicted by differential equations and network by algebraic equations under the quasi‐steady‐state assumption. Differently, in the power‐electronic‐dominated power system (PEDPS), the dynamics of transmission lines of network for fully differential equations should be considered, due to the rapid response of converters' controls, for example, the alternating current controls. This poses a great challenge for the cognition, modeling, and analysis of the PEDPS. In this article, a nonlinear DAE model framework for the PEDPS is established with differential equations for the source nodes and algebraic equations for the dynamical electrical network, by generalizing the application scenarios of Kron reduction. The internal and terminal voltages of source nodes of converters are chosen as ports of nodes and network. Namely, the internal and terminal voltages of source nodes work as their output and input, respectively, whereas they work as the input and output of the algebraic network, respectively. The impact of dynamical network becomes clear, namely, it serves as a (linear) voltage divider and generates the terminal voltage based on the internal voltage of the sources simultaneously. By keeping only useful independent state variables, all differential equations for the transmission lines can be transferred to algebraic equations. With this simple model, the roles of both nodes and network become apparent, and it enhances the understanding of the PEDPS dynamics. On the other hand, broad simulations are conducted and compared to verify the proposed DAE framework for the PEDPS. As all independent variables have been kept in the model, it is found that they show the same computational accuracy, but better efficiency in computational time, compared to the electromagnetic‐transient simulation results.

2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 <기본 수학> 교과서의 선분의 중점 지도에 관한 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze whether to introduce coordinates that midpoint on the line seg-ment and the learning contents that show different description methods of the <Basic Mathematics> textbooks according to the 2015 revised curriculum. Methods To do this, seven <Basic Mathematics> textbooks according to the 2015 revised curriculum were analyzed. Results First, only three of seven <Basic Mathematics> textbooks introduce the coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment. Two of these were introduced in the coordinate plane, and the other one was provided to the auxil-iary space as a hint to solve the equation problem of the circle. Second, three of the seven <Basic Mathematics> textbooks presented a problem to be solved using the coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment. In the equation of the straight line, it is presented as a problem of finding a perpendicular bisector of a line segment, and in the equation of the circle, it was presented as a problem of finding an equation of a circle given both end points of the diameter. Third, the method of describing the contents of the symmetric movement about the straight line    was different depending on whether or not it was introduced into the coordinates of the center. Conclusions Changes in the curriculum due to the nature of the mathematics subject not only affect the teaching and learning methods of that part, but also the teaching methods of other parts. Therefore, it is necessary to con-tinuously study the learning contents and changes in teaching and learning materials such as textbooks according to changes in the curriculum.

A simple method to determine electric and magnetic field lines equations using flux analysis

A simple method to determine electric and magnetic field lines equations using flux analysis

The Effect of Authoritative Parenting and Self-Esteem on Prosocial Behavior in Adolescents in Palopo City

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of low prosocial behavior among high school teenagers in Palopo City. Authoritative parenting by parents and self-esteem are supporting factors for adolescents to increase prosocial behavior. Therefore, this study aims to prove the influence of authoritative parenting and self-esteem on prosocial behavior in high school teenagers in Palopo City. This research employed quantitative research with an ex-post facto type of research with a sample of 335 teenagers. The data collection technique used an accidental sampling technique with research instruments in the form of psychological scales, namely the prosocial behavior scale, authoritative parenting scale, and self-esteem scale. The validity test used the results of factor loading, and the reliability test used Cronbach's Alpha, with a reliability coefficient value for the prosocial behavior scale = 0.910, the self- esteem parenting scale = 0.885, and the self-esteem scale = 0.890. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis techniques. The study's results show that authoritative parenting and self-esteem influence prosocial behavior in adolescents (p=0.000). Therefore, it can be concluded that authoritative research and self-esteem influence prosocial behavior in adolescents. The regression line equation is 14.204 + 0.326 X1 + 0.539 X2. The effective contribution of authoritative parenting and self-esteem to prosocial behavior was 44.8%, consisting of authoritative parenting at 17.2% and self-esteem at 27.6%.

Calculation of the order parameter and dielectric susceptibility under the electric field near the incommensurate phase in NaNO2 using Landau model

ABSTRACT Temperature dependences of the order parameters (P and Ψ) and inverse susceptibilities (χp −1 and χΨ -1 ) are calculated for the ferroelectric(FE)-incommensurate (INC) – paraelectric (PE) transitions in NaNO2 at zero (E = 0) and constant electric fields E by the Landau phenomenological model. For the calculation of the polarisation P and the order parameter Ψ, the phase line equations are fitted to the observed data (E = 0) from the literature. On this basis, E-T phase diagram including the ferroelectric, incommensurate and paraelectric phases is constructed using the observed (E-T) data for NaNO2 as reported in the literature. In the presence of the polarisation P (secondary order parameter), which has a biquadratic coupling with the Ψ (primary order parameter) in the incommensurate phase, the Landau model presented here describes the observed behaviour of the FE-INC and INC-PE transitions in NaNO2. Under constant electric fields, our predictions can be compared with the experiments. This method of calculation can be applied to some other crystals exhibiting the incommensurate phase between the FE and PE phases.

Teaching first-degree equations to students with dyslexia

The teaching of first-degree equations is a key point in secondary school curricula and requires the careful planning and selection of appropriate teaching materials. On the other hand, dyslexia, a specific learning disability, is increasingly common in the classroom. Thus, in the context of inclusion, the teaching methodology used by the mathematics teacher to present the concept of equation is a crucial factor for ensuring the equal and active participation of all students in the educational process. In this article, we present a two-month teaching intervention on first-degree equations that we carried out with forty students with dyslexia randomly divided into two classes, who were attending a special vocational high school in Greece. In one group, we used manipulative materials, while in the other group, we used traditional teaching methods. The results, which are derived from a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, showed that the students in the first group achieved better results in the final test than did the students in the second group, while at the same time, they showed increased engagement in the learning process and, to some extent, improved their social skills and gained confidence.

MODELING THE ENTRY OF AIR CONTAMINANTS INTO A ROOM

A mathematical model of air contaminant (products of human activity) inflow into the isolated air space has been developed. On the basis of the formula modified by us the simulation of human respiration with carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat emission is implemented. The model also takes into account the heat input from the human body through clothing. Applying numerical modelling ANSYS CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) on the basis of continuity equations and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations "RANS" (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) the following results on air medium state change in the isolated space were obtained: - the human respiratory cycle is modelled at simultaneous heat transfer from the body surface through clothes into the studied air space; - the exponential equation of the trend line of concentration to observation time was obtained; - monitoring and rendering (visualization) of changes in concentration, temperature and relative humidity in the space under study by time along the room height was performed. These results and regularities served as initial data for solving a number of model non-stationary problems on aerodynamics and heat and mass transfer in the room. The inverse problem of general exchange ventilation was to be solved. Changes in the state of the air environment initially contaminated with carbon dioxide, heat and water vapors were studied when people were in the studied space and the supply and exhaust ventilation was operating. Of the four air change schemes planned for the study, the results for one schemes are presented in this publication. The dynamics of assimilation of excess heat, humidity and carbon dioxide made it possible to assess the efficiency of ventilation systems and to predict improvements in their energy efficiency when air parameters are brought up to standard values.

Block Programming Scratch-Based: Interactive Learning Media in the Merdeka Curriculum for Straight Line Equation Material 8th Grade Junior High School

Block Programming Scratch-Based: Interactive Learning Media in the Merdeka Curriculum for Straight Line Equation Material 8th Grade Junior High School

Development of autonomous navigation system based on neural network and visual servoing for row-crop tracking in vegetable greenhouses

Accurate navigation line localization strategy and robust path tracking control scheme are two key techniques for advancing precision agriculture and enhancing the sustainability of smart farms. In this paper, a superior and cost-effective autonomous navigation system for a visual servoing-based agricultural vehicle in the greenhouse scenario with a distinct layout of two crop rows in each ridge is presented. First, based on image segmentation techniques, a neural network model named DGLNet integrating recognition of crop rows and prediction of the effective area of the navigation line is designed. The linear equation of the navigation line we required is obtained through post-processing operations of linear fitting completed in the effective area. According to experimental results, directly teaching the neural network to learn navigation line localization features utilizes the semantic and spatial information in the feature map to establish a stronger relationship between crop rows and the navigation line, which greatly improves the generalization of the navigation line localization in the case of large-angle yaw scenarios without additional training datasets. In addition, the performance of the network is significantly enhanced by adding an attention mechanism in the backbone based on U-Net. Subsequently, a dataset of cabbage vegetable images covering a wide range of complexities in the greenhouse scenario is created, and is available to support future academic research now. Further, a path tracking control scheme based on point-feature and line-feature is proposed, which can control the agricultural vehicle using the information from camera images without the need to perform explicit localization or maintain a global map. Finally, extensive field experiments have been carried out to show that this autonomous navigation system can preserve the stability of the vehicle and ensure timely convergence of deviations in different complex scenarios, which indicates that this control scheme is reliable and robust. Meanwhile, benefit from the efficiency of this recognition algorithm and the unnecessity of the complete representation of the path in the control scheme, the system has high real-time performance in every scenario.

Establishing Clinical Trial Endpoints in Selecting Patients for RPGR Retinal Gene Therapy.

Clinical trials for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP) often assess retinal structure using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and function using microperimetry to evaluate initial eligibility and endpoints. Therefore, we seek to determine which parameters might be most sensitive in screening new patients for enrollment. Thirty-one patients (62 eyes) with confirmed retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) mutations attending Oxford Eye Hospital were included in this retrospective analysis. Outer retinal structure was investigated by measuring the remaining ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) on OCT. Visual function was evaluated by using 10-2 microperimetry mean sensitivity. The median age of patients with RPGR was 31 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 22-39 years). For the right and left eyes, respectively, the median EZ length through the foveal section was 921 µm (IQR = 607-1570) and 865 µm (IQR = 508-1442) and median ELM length was 2056 µm (IQR = 1336-2764) and 1860 µm (IQR = 1152-2680). Similarly, the median microperimetry sensitivity (MS) was 2.0 decibel (dB; IQR = 0.4-5.4) and 1.1 dB (IQR = 0.1-5.4). Linear mixed model regression analysis showed that EZ was significantly positively correlated to ELM (P < 0.001, R² = 0.931). EZ and ELM were significantly correlated with the microperimetry sensitivity with exponential relationship (P < 0.001, R² = 0.71 and 0.72, respectively). Using the exponential equation of regression line, EZ below approximately 600 µm (RE = 637 µm, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 397-877, LE = 586 µm, 95% CI = 356-817) results in microperimetry sensitivity of approximately 0 dB. There was high degree of inter-eye symmetry for progression of EZ, ELM, and microperimetry sensitivity. Age was significantly correlated with the analyzed parameters (P < 0.001), although with low R² for each of them. EZ may comprise a surrogate biomarker for prediction of visual function in X-linked RP caused by mutations in RPGR and, in turn, identification of appropriate patients for enrollment in clinical trials. As expected, age plays a role in predicting potential biomarkers and visual function, however, it should not be used to preclude patients for gene therapy due to the poor correlation and heterogeneity of disease onset. Biomarkers of visual function in RPGR-associated RP may lead to identification of appropriate patients for enrollment in clinical trials.

Morphometrical analysis of myelinated nerve fibers: is there a room for improvement?

Despite advancements in automatic approaches for histomorphometry analysis of peripheral nerves, manual and semi-automated methods are widely utilized. Standard software functions are often unsuitable for analysis due to their irregular shapes, especially in pathological conditions. This study aims to assess the reproducibility of nerves morphometric analysis and compare results obtained using both default and new alternative algorithms. Sciatic nerves from Wistar rats (untreated and after administration of intraperitoneal hydrargyrum chloride), previously embedded in resin, were used. Morphometric analysis (diameters, myelin thickness, g-ratio, and circularity) was conducted using ImageJ on semithin sections, with axon and myelin boundaries manually outlined. Default diameters were calculated as the mean of Feret diameters, with subsequent calculations for myelin thickness and g-ratio. The alternative approach estimated diameters based on the geometric center of axons, iterating through selected coordinates; myelin thickness was obtained using line equations. In the control group, inter-rater agreement was higher or within expected reliability (0.8 ± 0.05). However, in the experimental group, myelin thickness, g-ratio, and axon circularity showed lower agreement (0.66, 0.58, and 0.68, respectively) without visible patterns on Bland-Altman plots. The alternative approach did not reveal significant differences between approaches, except for g-ratio in the control group and fiber diameter in the experimental group (p < 0.05), with effect sizes of 0.29-0.30 and 0.19-0.20, respectively. This study highlights reduced agreement among investigators analyzing nerve fibers under pathological conditions, raising concerns about the current standard measurement methods. The proposed approach, based on a single geometric center, provides more natural estimations for irregular fibers, and can be implemented in automated nerve fibers acquisition systems.

PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI GEOGEBRA PADA MATERI PERSAMAAN GARIS LURUS

The background for this community service activity is Pakis Islamic Middle School, which is one of the schools that has not yet implemented too many ICT-based learning models. This is due to the lack of projector facilities provided in each class as a medium for implementing ICT-based learning models. One learning model that is suitable to be applied based on the material being studied is to use the Geogebra application. Students can see the interpretation of graphs through the application. This service activity is carried out using the training method for trainees who are studying straight line equations. During the activity, monitoring was also carried out by the service team and evaluation through the results of test scores and questionnaires. The result of this community service activity is that the test results of the trainees found an average of 83.2. From this average, the training can be said to be successful because it is above the KKM standard in mathematics. While the value of the questionnaire was found that 92% of the training participants gave a positive response to using the Geogebra application on straight line equations. The advantages that trainees find are graphs that can be generated quickly, the GeoGebra application can provide a clearer visual experience to trainees in understanding mathematical concepts, can be used as an evaluation to ensure that the graphs that have been made are correct.

A reconfigurable narrow-band bandpass filter using electrically-coupled open-loop resonators based on liquid crystals

Abstract This paper introduces an electrically reconfigurable narrowband bandpass filter that exploits liquid-crystal technology. The filter uses two electrically-coupled open-loop resonators to produce two transmission zeros, resulting in a more compact structure than a single open-loop resonator. The spacing between resonators contributes to easy manipulation of the fractional bandwidth (FBW) and return loss. Theoretical calculations of the electrical length using multilayer microstrip line equations are presented. Experimental results demonstrate that the center frequency can be tuned from 9.70 GHz to 10.86 GHz with a maximum bias voltage of 30 V, achieving a tuning range of 11.34%. With applied bias, the maximum FBW reaches 8.10% and the maximum return loss attains 15.97 dB in each biased state.

Using Linear Algebra to Construct Anscombe’s Quartet

Summary Understanding linear regression in terms of projections leads us to a method of constructing Anscombe’s quartet. The key is the fact that we can manipulate the correlation coefficient by scaling the linear regression error, and this manipulation has no effect on the equation of the regression line.

IT-Based Media in Mathematics Learning in Elementary Schools

Technological developments are increasingly rapid; in this technological development, many interactive and effective learning media have emerged to be applied in learning. Using the literature study method, researchers want to convey learning media teachers can use or develop using current technology. Such as using the PowerPoint application to present lesson material. Digital Geoshape application to make it easier to study geometry material. GeoGebra application that can be used by students and teachers in line equation material. Adobe Animate application that can create or develop interactive learning media. Online-based PowToon media provides audiovisual media such as animated cartoons, etc. The Canva application provides presentation designs, etc., which help design learning media. Wordwall-based games are games that offer gameplay and learning features. And educational adventure games that can be used in fraction counting operation material.

Diverse soliton solutions to the nonlinear partial differential equations related to electrical transmission line

This paper introduces novel traveling wave solutions for the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear telegraph equation (NLTE) and the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear electrical transmission line equation (NETLE). These equations are pivotal in the transmission and propagation of electrical signals, with applications in telegraph lines, digital image processing, telecommunications, and network engineering. We applied the improved tanh technique combined with the Riccati equation to derive new solutions, showcasing various solitary wave patterns through 3D surface and 2D contour plots. These results provide more comprehensive solutions than previous studies and offer practical applications in communication systems utilizing solitons for data transmission. The proposed method demonstrates an efficient calculation process, aiding researchers in analyzing nonlinear partial differential equations in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering

VALIDATION AND PARAMETRIC STUDY OF LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL HOLLOW SECTION STUB COLUMNS BY FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

In this research, a parametric study was conducted on square hollow sections (SHS) and rectangular hollow sections (RHS) columns made of a lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) grade, namely EN 1.4162. The aim was to determine structural response data due to variations of different design parameters, which is vital in designing structural members. Finite element modeling was utilized for this and the validity of the models was confirmed by comparing them with existing experimental test data. Thickness, corner radius, load eccentricity and slenderness ratio were taken as the varying parameters to study. A total of 32 columns were modeled to study with five variations for each parameter, making a total of 160 variations. For each variation, the ultimate load and the corresponding end shortening were recorded. Each parameter has some effects on ultimate load or end shortening or both except corner radius, which has no significant effect. To visualize the effect of a parameter, a trend line equation was developed by plotting the average result of all column models for each variation of that particular parameter. A linear increase in ultimate load and end shortening can be observed with an increase in column thickness, while opposite trends were witnessed with load eccentricity. Though a linear rise in end shortening was caused by the slenderness ratio, no significant change was seen in the ultimate load of the columns. The mathematical equations presented can be employed to forecast the maximum load-bearing capacity and the associated amount of end shortening when designing structural hollow sections made of LDSS.

Testing of Sodium Saccharin Levels in Hard Candy with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method

Hard candy is a processed food resulting from the boiling of a mixture of sugar with food additives (BTP). The use of BTP is restricted in processed food. One type is sodium saccharin. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sodium saccharin in hard candy with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument. The test procedure consists of making a solution of standard solution (standard), test solution (sample), spike solution and phosphate buffer solution pH 6.8 as the mobile phase. Saccharin sodium levels in hard candy were calculated and determined using a calibration curve with a straight line equation. Then the detected solution was calculated to the treatment level, theoretical, recovery, average treatment level, Relative Percent Difference (RPD) (%) or relative difference, and 2/3 CV Horwitz using spike solution. The test results of saccharin sodium levels in hard candy are eligible for an acceptable %Recovery of 90-107% with SP 1 results of 103.86% and SP 2 of 100.51%. The test results were not detected in the chromatogram of solution (01 L; 07; 08), but were detected in the standard solution and spike solution, namely at λ 221 nm with Rt of 22.255 minutes (standard solution) and 22.258 minutes (spike solution). In addition, the data obtained is accurate (meets the precision requirements of %RPD &lt; 2/3 CV Horwitz) with the results of 3.3313% &lt; 4.3357. And the standard curve has met the linearity requirements (r ≥ 0.999) with the result of r = 0.99994