Equality In China Research Articles

Gender inequality in Chinese Civil Service System: Dilemma Faced by the Female in the VUCA world

The role and socio-economic status of women in the public/private sphere are deeply influenced by a country’s historical, political, economic, and social policy development. In today’s VUCA era, the pattern of gender inequality still highlights women’s disadvantages in education, employment, social security treatment, and political participation. In such a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous era, Asian women prefer the relative stability and security of the civil service in their employment choices. Still, they are often disadvantaged in the workplace due to gender discrimination. Despite the measures taken by the Chinese government, the important goal of achieving social equality between men and women has remained an unfinished political agenda due to the lack of a holistic redistributive mechanism that promotes gender equality. In the future, the awakening of women themselves and the development of gender mainstreaming strategies and social policies will have a profound impact on the realization of gender equality in China.

Streaming Feminism: Women-centered Net Dramas, Global Television Culture, and Feminist Textual Possibilities

In this study, we investigate the influence of streaming platforms, with their relatively new industrial arrangements and relations with the media regulatory structure, on the cultural production of dramas in China. We focus on women-centered net dramas to demonstrate how feminist discourses found a place on streaming platforms, thereby opening up creative yet vulnerable textual possibilities for reflection on gender politics. We situate the production of these net dramas within the political economy and technological conditions of the streaming industry and further consider the implications of such mediated feminism for the pursuit of gender equality in China. Our examination of feminist discourses in streaming culture also resonates with the ongoing global transformation of cultural productions in the television industry.

Medical school selection is a sociohistorical embedded activity: A comparison of five countries.

The medical school selection literature comes mostly from a few countries in the Global North and offers little opportunity to consider different ways of thinking and doing. Our aim, therefore, was to critically consider selection practices and their sociohistorical influences in our respective countries (Brazil, China, Singapore, South Africa and the UK), including how any perceived inequalities are addressed. This paper summarises many constructive dialogues grounded in the idea of he er butong () (harmony with diversity), learning about and from each other. Some practices were similar across the five countries, but there were differences in precise practices, attitudes and sociohistorical influences thereon. For example, in Brazil, South Africa and the UK, there is public and political acknowledgement that attainment is linked to systemic and social factors such as socio-economic status and/or race. Selecting for medical school solely on prior attainment is recognised as unfair to less privileged societal groups. Conversely, selection via examination performance is seen as fair and promoting equality in China and Singapore, although the historical context underpinning this value differs across the two countries. The five countries differ in respect of their actions towards addressing inequality. Quotas are used to ensure the representation of certain groups in Brazil and regional representation in China. Quotas are illegal in the UK, and South Africa does not impose them, leading to the use of various, compensatory 'workarounds' to address inequality. Singapore does not take action to address inequality because all people are considered equal constitutionally. In conclusion, medical school selection practices are firmly embedded in history, values, societal expectations and stakeholder beliefs, which vary by context. More comparisons, working from the position of acknowledging and respecting differences, would extend knowledge further and enable consideration of what permits and hinders change in different contexts.

Educational Equity Challenges in China: An In-Depth Investigation

Analyzing the geographical distribution of educational institutions, changes in their numbers through time, and the consequences for equally accessible education, the article digs into the complex world of educational equality in China. A thorough effort is being made to provide education accessible across areas, as shown by the chart Regional Distribution of Educational Institutions (2021). Representing a dedication to supporting a variety of educational possibilities, Hebei leads with 14181 institutions, followed by Jiangsu with 7666 institutions. The dominance of big cities like Beijing and Tianjin, which together have 3082 institutions, emphasizes the diversity of educational options even more. The article identifies dynamic tendencies by analyzing the Changes in Number of Educational Institutions (2017-2021) data. A concerted effort has been made to improve educational infrastructure and accessibility at different academic levels, as seen by the rise of higher education institutions, high schools, and junior secondary schools. It is noteworthy that throughout five years, there were 125 more higher education institutions, 1030 more high schools, and 977 more junior secondary schools added. In contrast, the decrease in primary enrollment calls attention to the causes of this shift and its effects on education fundamentals. These developments demonstrate Chinas determined efforts to provide educational opportunities for people at all levels and locations. Continual growth in institutions, a sign of an endeavor to satisfy changing educational demands, has characterized the secondary and postsecondary education landscape. Additionally, the data raises concerns about the loss of elementary schools and the need to address prospective legislative changes or demographic trends. The article highlights Chinas comprehensive strategy for ensuring educational fairness and provides a glimpse of its development, difficulties, and educational objectives.

Critical Policy Analysis of the Second Round of the Double First-Class Project in China

Purpose This critical policy analysis aims to comprehensively examine the second round of China's first-class discipline development project, commonly known as the “Double First-Class Project” (DFC Project or Shuang Yi Liu Project). Design/Approach/Methods We conducted desk research between May 2022 and December 2023 using relevant policy documents, academic literature, news sources, and commentaries that specifically focused on the second round of the DFC Project in China. Employing a critical policy analysis approach, we analyzed the gathered data from three key perspectives: policy as text, policy as discourse, and policy effects (including both first- and second-order effects). Findings The second round of the DFC Project was implemented within the context of strengthened state regulation, prevalent managerialism, and an emphasis on promoting education equality in China's higher education development. A notable shift in structural dynamics occurred between the first and second round. These include the possibility of universities being added to or removed from the official list, increased academic autonomy for selected universities, and the promotion of interdisciplinary research within specific institutions. The implementation of the second round of the DFC Project reflects China's commitment to developing an internationalization strategy with Chinese characteristics. This strategy aims to align with China's national strategic needs and position the country as a cooperative partner, promoter, competitor, and potential leader in global scholarship. Originality/Value By employing a critical policy analysis approach, this study offers a comprehensive examination of the second round of the DFC project in China, contributing to existing knowledge on the development of world-class university policies in the country.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Concept of Gender Equality in China

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Concept of Gender Equality in China

DOES THE NEW URBANIZATION POLICY PROMOTE RESIDENTS’ CONSUMPTION EQUALITY IN CHINA?

The aim of this study is to explore the policy of new urbanization proposed by the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on consumption equality between rural migrants and the urban population. This study adopts the data of the 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and uses the difference-in-differences (DID) method to find that the new urbanization policy significantly promotes the consumption equality of residents and that the degree of consumption equality of residents participating in urbanization increases by about 1.5% after the implementation of the new policy. In addition, this study finds that household income equality is the channel of the new urbanization policy that affects household consumption equality. The conclusions are found to be robust and effective after several tests are conducted.

Did the one-child policy accelerate gender equality in China? A cross-country difference-in-differences analysis

Classic feminist theories have long emphasized high fertility as the main cause of gender inequality and predict that a significant reduction in fertility would lead to reduced gender inequality. In this project, we investigate whether the one-child policy accelerated gender equality in China. We measure gender inequality by Gender Development Index (GDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII), maternal mortality ratio, and infant mortality rate at the national level from China and five populous middle-income countries in an analysis of difference in differences (DiD). A cross-country DiD sets up a framework in which China with the treatment of the one-child policy could be compared with the control countries without the treatment of the policy. Our analysis shows that China lowered GII by additional 20%, maternal mortality ratio by additional 10% and infant mortality rate by additional 6% relative to the five comparison countries during the period of the one-child policy.

Can Social Media Be a Place for Women? Effects of Aggressive Comments on User Engagement in Collective Action for Gender Equality in China

Can Social Media Be a Place for Women? Effects of Aggressive Comments on User Engagement in Collective Action for Gender Equality in China

Exploring and Addressing Gender Equality: A Focus on the Rights of Underage Females in China.

This study examines the current state of gender equality in China, with a specific focus on the rights and experiences of underage females. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates a systematic literature review, surveys, and semi-structured interviews with educators, legal experts, social workers, and NGO representatives. The study aims to uncover the extent to which traditional gender norms, legal frameworks, and educational systems impact the rights and well-being of underage females in China.The findings reveal a complex interplay of deeply ingrained cultural norms, gaps in legal protection, and educational practices that collectively influence the status of gender equality for underage females. The persistence of traditional gender norms is evident in urban and rural settings, subtly influencing young females’ educational and career aspirations. The legal analysis highlights significant gaps in the protection of underage females, particularly in areas of gender-based violence, early marriage, and access to reproductive health services. Educational initiatives, while promising, are limited by their scope and the lack of gender sensitivity training for educators.The study’s implications are far-reaching, suggesting the need for a multifaceted approach that includes legal reform, educational initiatives, and cultural change to effectively address gender inequality. The research underscores the importance of collaborative efforts across various sectors and emphasizes the need for ongoing research to adapt and refine strategies for promoting gender equality in China. This study contributes to the broader discourse on gender equality and offers insights relevant to policymakers, educators, and advocates working towards empowering underage females in China.

A Study on the Interaction between Gender Morality and Free Love in Early 20th Century China : Centered on Du Cheng Shu&Qu Jiang's Love Letter

This article attempts to answer the question of "love" and why it has been prohibited from entering the public sphere in Chinese history. This article takes the "Love Letter Incident" as a case study and uses the process tracking method to analyze the love letter incident between Du Chengshu (杜成淑) and Qu Jiang (屈疆). In this event, various social groups interacted on this matter, so this article horizontally compared the thinking and self-expression of young men and women in the face of love issues and vertically explored the premature and delayed disclosure of love issues under the trend of gender equality in China since the early 20th century. Examining and evaluating love issues by various parties in the public sphere is necessary for private love writing to move toward the public sphere. Through various evaluations of love letters, the issue of love has entered the public sphere. However, in China at the beginning of the 20th century, the issue of love still faced scrutiny from traditional Chinese gender morality and morality, making it difficult for love issues to be made public. This article finds that in early 20th-century China. The concept of "gender equality" accompanied by China's modernization movement (May Fourth Movement) was valued by society, and the morality of "gender equality" has never been established. However, Chinese society still maintains an unfriendly attitude towards women, and the perception of gender inequality is still considered normal.

​​RAISE THE AWARENESS OF GENDER EQUALITY AND PROMOTE THE HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF MEN AND WOMEN​

Equality between men and women is the basic national policy of our country, and the gender harmony is the basic guarantee of social harmony and stability. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his 20th report, " We will adhere to the basic state policy of gender equality and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children."According to the 2022 Global Gender Gap Report released by the World Economic Forum, China ranked 102nd in the gender equality index among 145 countries, leaving a long way to achieve gender equality. In order to understand the gender awareness of college students in our college, improve the concept of gender equality, and implement the basic national policy of gender equality in China, the "gender awareness survey of college students" is carried out for college students. A total of 4,376 valid questionnaires were collected. It is found that the traditional concept of "strong men and weak women" has been broken. College students have a high awareness of gender equality, especially female students. Women need to get more equal opportunities. Finally, five measures are proposed: offering different types of courses on gender equality for college students; caring for girls, encourage them to be "four self" female students; including gender equality awareness education in staff training, integrating gender awareness into mainstream decision-making; and establishing a special gender / women research center.

Research on Some Causes and Countermeasures of Education Equality in China

In the realm of education, social equality is embodied by the concept of education equality. This means that every individual, regardless of their socioeconomic background, should have equal access to education and educational resources. Equality in education is not only a fundamental human right but also a crucial factor in driving global education policies, including those of China. This paper aims to analyze the purpose and current situation of education in China by presenting a plethora of facts, statistics, and research findings to draw people's attention to the problem and encourage them to take action. It also highlights the urgent need to eliminate educational inequities in China and promote education equality. Achieving education equality is essential to reflect social equity and promote social and economic development. The paper presents a thorough analysis of the current situation in China and calls for the active participation of citizens in addressing this critical issue.

Education Equality in China: Economic, Geographical, Gender and Education Policies

As one of the largest developing countries in the world, education in China has made great achievements over the past decades and has contributed greatly to Chinas scientific and technological development, economic development and poverty reduction and social prosperity. However, it is inevitable that many problems have arisen in the development of education. Many studies have been done on this subject by Chinese scholars and many international scholars. Among the studies on the subject, equality in education is a major concern for many scholars. Based on existing international research, this paper discusses equality in education through the issues of economics, geography, gender and education policy. In this paper, it is found that economy and geography greatly influence educational equality, with regional economic development being positively associated with educational equality. Gender, although also influencing educational inequality to some extent, is not significant. Some of the policies that have been developed to promote equality in education have been less than satisfactory. Through the analysis and discussion of these issues, future research and development directions are proposed to further promote educational equality and enable the further development of education in China.

Legislation on the Protection of Womens Rights and Womens Awakening Phase: A Comparative Study Between China and Europe Countries

The discussion over womens rights and gender violence has gotten more attention after the Tangshan attack in China. The harsh physical violence the female victims sustained and the social debates about how women could protect themselves caused concern about the legislation in China protecting womens rights, as well as other countries constitutions. Therefore, this study focuses on comparing information on the legislation and historical womens awakening phase between China and Europe countries, by using the comparative research and historical research. Aiming to find out the awakening phases of having equality in China and Europe countries, and how legislation protects their female citizens. The study enumerates the legislation defending the rights of women and history of when they awakened, as the impact, the possible development for womens rights legislation in the future. The results of this analysis show that womens movements began in the 20th century and peaked in both China and Europe, women intended to achieve more equality and fairness in all domains as they have come to understand their value and place in society. At the same time, the historical comparison provides the results that Chinas women are awakening mostly through group activism and political advocacy, whereas Europes women are awakening primarily through sizable womens awakening movements. Hence, even though women still encounter unfair treatment in some underdeveloped places that are less influenced by these movements and legislation, women should keep working toward achieving equality to completely defend their rights. The forms of equality between men and women would then become clear, and able to achieve a better social system.

Advancing Legal Research on Gender Diversity in Chinese Corporate Leadership

At present, with the development of economic globalization, in order to create a better business environment and improve the efficiency of enterprises, the optimization of the gender structure of enterprise leaders has increasingly become our new focus of attention. The leadership composition of Chinese enterprises, whether state-owned or private, is still predominantly male, with significantly fewer female leaders than male. With relatively balanced education levels, women still seem to be excluded from the core power of management for some implicit reasons, making it difficult for them to participate in major decisions in an equal capacity. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the obstacles to women's access to leadership positions in enterprises and to propose legal regulation ideas for gender equality in China's workplace and the optimization of the gender structure of corporate leadership.

Moving towards gender equality in China: The influence of migration experiences on rural migrants’ gender role attitudes

Moving towards gender equality in China: The influence of migration experiences on rural migrants’ gender role attitudes

The Influence of Darwins Doctrine of Natural Selection on Gender in China

The status of women has been rising both at home and abroad, and while this is due to womens own efforts, the worldwide affirmative action movement has also played an important role. The purpose of this article is to explore to accelerate the development process of gender equality in China. Method of literature is applied. Source of materials include published books and journal articles. By analyzing the case studies of the affirmative action movements in developed Western countries in the past three years, we can draw some valuable nutrients to serve as a reference for domestic affirmative action efforts. By studying the impact of foreign feminist concepts on the current situation of gender in China, we can make some practical suggestions to accelerate the development process of gender equality. Although gender equality can increase competition, it is a powerful force for social progress. Chinese society is currently breaking the inherited notion of male superiority over female. With the transformation of society and the continuous improvement of the legal system, it is more important for women to strive for their equal rights.

Gender Equality in Higher Education of China

This paper will discuss whether the expansion of gender equality will promote gender equality in China. It will begin with the definition of gender equality and higher Education. The main founding of this paper: gender equality achieved progress in Higher Education, but the women in rural areas still suffer from gender inequality and have little opportunity to access higher Education. Furthermore, some measurements and advice in school, community, and government will be listed.

The Historical Transition of All-China Women’s Federation

All China Woman’s Federation (ACWF) is the sole official institute dedicating to gender equality in China, and had served for more than 76 years of history. Recently, however, the recognition of the organization among the public has been noticeably falling. In hope to answer the question “why and through what process has the influence of ACWF fell”, the researcher explored the development of Chinese public’s perception over ACWF’s role during the 1946 - 1978 period, in which the organization first took shape, by chiefly looking into the A Brief History of Contemporary Chinese Women's Movement, a document written by a sub department of ACWF, largely academic and functions more as an historical research, and a list of most frequently used words by the largest, government funded Chinese newspaper People’s Daily in describing ACWF during the period. The researcher finds notable discrepancy between the two sources, which helps to explore the power dynamic of the ACWF and its direct supporter, the CPC government, as well as the image that CPC government has propagandized its people to think of the ACWF. The research functions as part of a longer research that examines the change of Chinese public’s recognition over ACWF for the entirety of its history.