Inequality In Society Research Articles

Girls Power: Analysis of Feminist Expression in the Hip-hop Garments Culture

The issue of gender has become increasingly socially sensitive in recent years. There is a high level of conversation about feminism, and discussions of feminism are beginning to emerge in hip-hop culture, where, for example, female performers express their feminist attitudes through their dress code. The female performers of today typically wear two types of clothing: sexy and baggy. In this study, each of these styles is discussed separately to determine why these two outfits are the most representative feminist symbols in hip-hop culture. Additionally, how do these two outfits convey the importance of feminism and gender equality? The purpose of this study is to convey the efforts of female rappers to change the current patriarchy in hip-hop culture. Furthermore, hip-hop clothing can be used to create a sense of self-awareness in others and break stereotypes. It is the purpose of this study to integrate the gender elements contained in hip-hop music to ultimately contribute to the achievement of gender equality in society.

The History of Feminism and Childrens Right from the Perspective of Law Protection

The development of feminism and childrens rights protection has developed rapidly in the past centuries and has drawn many peoples attention. The research on how feminism and childrens rights protection changed in the past few decades inspired the author to write this essay, as social equality is always important and should be emphasized. The essay will explain the history of feminism and childrens rights protection from the perspective of law. Women now share an equal society with men and face fewer societal critiques. They are earning more than before and facing less shift from family, so they have improved their social position. Also, childrens proper protection is becoming common sense in society. They are actually enjoying a better social attitude than feminists, and not only are the education rights focused on by society, but the sentencing system also gives children privileges. However, social issues like stigmatization and poverty still bother females and children. Thus no country has achieved an equal society.

Self-reflection interventions for implicit gender bias reduction: Scoping the literature for a conceptual way forward

ABSTRACT Current binary male/female perceptions of gender in the colonial West are inherently exclusionary, breed inequality and violence, and curb full expression of self, limiting personal and collective potential. Implicit gender biases are unseen cognitive forces within us, manipulating internal and external experiences of the illegitimate and manufactured gender binary that infuses into daily culture, and undermines our ability to achieve true equality in society. This scoping review assesses 2010–2020 empirical research on self-reflection interventions to reduce implicit bias, analyzes their mechanisms of change, and suggests foundational efficacy components and a conceptual framework for reducing implicit gender bias. We searched six databases and yielded a total of 1,603 results. After utilizing critical appraisal tools, 15 articles remained for final scoping review analysis. Eleven of 15 self-reflection intervention articles showed significant efficacy in reducing implicit bias. Content analysis noted four mechanisms of implicit bias change across all resulting interventions: extension of in-group, decreased automaticity, awareness and concern of bias, and practice. Results suggest that self-reflection interventions informed by all four mechanisms will likely yield the most efficacious conceptual framework to reduce implicit gender bias. Reducing implicit gender bias has power to shift human behavior and revolutionize systemic and social norms.

Women in Pictures. A Dance Iconography of Gender Transformations

The aim of this paper is to observe the attitude of the woman in the dance through iconography. In particular, the present study, through the observation of images from the community of Nea Vyssa in Thrace in Greece, aims to highlight the structure of gender relations in the society of this community over time. The data collection of was based on secondary sources. More specifically, the data collection was carried out based on the principles of historical archival research. For the analysis of the data dance iconography will be used. However, having visual components, dance shares a representative quality with the visual arts. So, in addition, the pictures of women dance in this study will be analyzed under the terms of visual anthropology. Finally, the interpretation of the data was held with the anthropological thinking about gender identity as it appears in anthropological views of dance and particularly in Hanna. From the data analysis was found that the position of women in dance evolved significantly over time, as did the society of Nea Vyssa, which from patriarchal, today became an equal society. So through dance iconography one can study various parameters that exist in dance and which Seebas (1991) also mentioned, however, through dance iconography one can study social stereotypes, gender discriminations and social structures and therefore issues that have to do with the evolution of society over time.

The Social Process of Caregiving in Fathers: A Grounded Theory Study.

The United Nation's Agenda 2030 recognizes unpaid domestic caregiving in the home as the largest barrier to gender equality. However, little research has been conducted to understanding the social process through which fathers engage in caregiving. The purpose of this constructivist grounded theory study was to explore the social process of caregiving in fathers. Recruited from multiple community settings, 35 fathers participated in intensive interviews with the investigator. The initial interview guide was developed through Swanson's Theory of Caring and modified as themes emerged. Data analysis occurred using an iterative categorization matrix for organization and clarity. This study proposed the action-based Caregiving in Fathers Theory. The 3 main themes of the theory center on the following: (1) reconciling the past through "Reinventing the Kitchen Table"; (2) managing the present through "Creating a Home"; and (3) preparing for the future through "Discovering Empowerment." For fathers, gender equality in society begins with accepting fathers as proficient, competent, and primary caregivers. This theory reveals the motivations of fathers in participating in unpaid domestic caregiving in the home.

Foreign and Domestic Online Media Representation of Indonesian Minister of Finance: A Feminist Stylistics Approach

Background: 
 Examination of gender representation and the portrayal of a prominent female public figure in both foreign and domestic online media. By applying a feminist stylistics approach, the study sheds light on the importance of fair and unbiased representation of female leaders in the media landscape, which can contribute to dismantling gender stereotypes and promoting gender equality in society.
 Methodology: 
 This study employs a qualitative method to explore the portrayal of gender relations using Sara Mills' feminist stylistics framework, focusing on word, phrase/sentence, and discourse levels.
 Findings: 
 The findings reveal that the representation of the Indonesian Minister of Finance in both foreign and domestic news sites exhibit specific yet distinct results, influenced by cultural norms and Sri Mulyani's reputation within Indonesia and internationally. Utilizing the three levels of analysis within the feminist stylistics theory framework, the study uncovers that the minister is addressed fairly and without explicit gender bias.
 Conclusion: 
 This study highlights the importance of fair and unbiased representation of public figures in media by examining the portrayal of Indonesia's Minister of Finance through a feminist stylistics approach.
 Originality: 
 This comprehensive analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of gender representation in media and highlights the importance of addressing public figures in a fair and unbiased manner.

Capacity Strengths of Asian Women in Management Positions

The objective of this study was to examine the current state of women's capability strengths in management positions in Asian nations. The study is grounded in Resource Based Value theory (RBV) of firms and is empirically based on proficiency rating data from females and males working in Asian countries. Variance analysis was used to analyze the sample in terms of differences and linear multiple regression analysis was employed to uncover the influence of competence proficiency ratings of females in managerial positions in different countries and among different management levels to sales performance. Results of the statistical analysis of the data yielded evidence that differences in managerial capabilities between genders exist that are particularly striking at various management levels within the firm. The two male strengths, strategic orientation and change management, have a significant impact on performance relative to hire date, from which it is possible to approximate the age of the manager suggesting that the capability to generate sales volume increases with age. These findings highlight the current competency status of Asian managers and the need to develop female potential in the quest to create a more gender equal society enabling both women and men to reach full potential.

REPRESENTASI FEMINISME DAN IMPIAN HIDUP DAMAI TIONGKOK: STUDI TINDAK TUTUR ASERTIF DAN IMPLIKATUR KONVENSIONAL

The Chinese government as one of the influential countries for world development also participates in efforts to protect equal women's rights and peace life realization. This was heard in the Chinese government's speech to the United Nations on October 1, 2020. This study aims to discuss the contents of the speech which represents the actions of feminism and dream of peace life by China by applying the theory of assertive speech acts and conventional implicatures to provide new understanding and knowledge related to real social issues developing now. Through this research, it can be seen that in the speech text, there are 3 purposes of assertive speech acts, namely 5 data to state, 4 data to claim, and 1 data to conclude. Each of these objectives has implicatures resulting from document studies supported by speech and news data that are realized in linguistic and social contexts. The stated goals are that China has actively voiced gender equality through the Beijing World Conferences on Women since 1995, is concerned about women's work, the existence of women is very influential in the 21st century, will always fight for women's rights, and long for an equal society. The purpose of the claim is that China claims the existence of women to create peace, oversees the progressive development of the existence of women's rights, guarantees women's protection rights, and that the country is an active country in voicing gender equality. The purpose of the conclusion is that China concludes that Chinese women love their country and are willing to fight for the safety of their people regardless of differences. The results of this study provide a description that China is now a country that struggles to protect women and yearns for a peace life.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ЦЕЛЕЙ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ООН

In this article, the authors reveal the long-term development of Sustainable Development Goals in various states over a period of 15 years. The work reveals the necessity, obstacles, and foreign experience of countries that have implemented some priority sustainable development goals. The article reveals in detail the need to establish further design plans for the Republic of Uzbekistan with the goal of sustainable development. In this context, there are three most pressing problems that are awaiting analysis and solution by the government and implementation in public relations. Foreign experience in the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals and the analysis of national regulatory legal acts are given. The article touches on fundamental global problems at the international level. A legal analysis of regulatory legal acts aimed at the implementation of sustainable development goals is also provided. The article does not analyze everything, but only a few basic and large-scale goals, which additionally absorb other goals as well. The article states that at present, many states have made their priorities fight against poverty, ensuring gender equality in society, and the preservation of biodiversity or ecosystems.

The gender and LGBTQ perspectives in library and information science: A case study at the University of Barcelona

Disregarding gender and LGBTQ perspectives at the undergraduate level perpetuates stereotypes and biases that jeopardize gender equality in society. Building on empirical evidence collected by an action-research project at the Faculty of Information and Audiovisual Media at the University of Barcelona (Spain), this article provides a diagnosis of how teachers and students perceive and value gender and LGBTQ perspectives. Using a multi-method approach (focus group and field journals), this research identified a generalized interest in the incorporation of a gender perspective, although significant barriers are found when carrying it out. While teachers place more emphasis on issues of lack of training and institutional recognition, students value the incorporation of the gender and LGBTQ perspectives yet still observe important limitations. The research also evidences the opportunity of applying action-research projects in bringing together collective reflection and action, as well as the advantages of combining different qualitative methods.

Horizontal Inequality and West Africa’s Worsening Security: Case Studies of Mali and Nigeria

Mutual distrust, suspicion, hate, fear of domination and marginalization compel in-group members to enhance their marked identities in order to differentiate themselves from others and mobilise against other groups that are viewed as threats. Groups in this sense include ethnic, religious and professional, and are further categorized in terms of demography into minority and majority groups. Groups accentuating the fear of each other are a recipe for violent conflict in any state. When governments contribute to this dichotomy through giving a group undue advantage at the expense of others, or deliberately deny a group of due benefits, group suspicion and conflict are taken to frightening levels that keep society dangling on the precipice of war. This research examines how Nigeria has fared under such state sponsored horizontal inequality, the impact on politics, cohesion and (in) security, and what could be done to reverse the trend. Ex post facto is adopted as the design for this study considering that the events under analysis have occurred and the researcher cannot manipulate the outcomes, and data was collected from secondary sources. This study concludes among others that promoting horizontal equality in society through governance is an effective means in reversing the negative effects of horizontal inequality.

How Gender Affects Negative and Positive Campaigning

ABSTRACT While studies investigating gendered ways of campaigning have primarily focused on negative campaign strategies, we explore the extent to which women and men engage in negative and positive campaigning and how they are combined. Our analyses, relying on the 2019 Finnish Parliamentary Candidates Survey, shows that even in the Finnish context, with comparatively high levels of gender equality in society and politics, distinct gender patterns in campaigning occur. Women candidates report having campaigned more positively than men candidates, while men candidates are more likely to report having campaigned negatively than women candidates. We also find that men are more inclined to incorporate a balanced mixture of positive and negative campaign messages, while women predominantly rely on positive campaigning. Based on our findings, we conclude that women and men still do not compete in politics on equal terms.

ANALISIS PENGARUH UPAH MINIMUM, INVESTASI DAN PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

Abstract. 
 Absorption of labor is an important problem in national development where the number is increasing from year to year as a result of the increase in population, while the available job opportunities are limited in number, so that the unemployment rate in several cities is increasing. A high level of investment will increase production capacity which will eventually lead to the creation of new jobs. That way, the unemployment rate can be reduced and people's incomes will increase. This research is a quantitative research with secondary data in the 2015-2021 observation period. Data collection in this study uses the documentation method for data on Population 15+ Working, Investment and Minimum Wage obtained from BPS, Department of Manpower and Office of Investment. The collected data is analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Overall, the results of multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing can be concluded that partially investment and minimum wages have no significant effect on employment in Indonesia. Simultaneously, it shows that the investment and minimum wage variables have no simultaneous effect on employment in Indonesia. The lack of effect of investment on labor absorption in Indonesia is due to the fact that more investment is channeled into the capital-intensive project sector (services) compared to the labor-intensive project sector, where the capital-intensive project sector absorbs only a small amount of labor. Meanwhile, the minimum wage has no effect on labor absorption because the majority of the working population in Indonesia have received relatively high wages or exceeded the minimum wage. Employment. Absorption of labor in the perspective of Islamic economics is that the government has made various efforts as its responsibility to provide jobs for its people. The essence of Islamic economics in reviewing the power market based on an Islamic perspective shows the potential in generating economic equality in society and realizing prosperity
 
 Keywords: national development, Investment, Minimum Wage

Montage Theory in the Movie the Devil Wears Prada

Feminism has always been a topic of discussion, and movies about feminism are also emerging in an endless stream. Gender equality in society and women's realization of self-worth and pursuit of dreams have always been advocated today. Therefore, it is meaningful to study feminism. The research theme of this paper is the application and role of montage theory in the film. This paper will mainly analyze the different montage shots in the Devil Wears Prada to analyze how to present the main theme of feminism. Through the analysis of the film lens, it is found that the montage technique clips several separate shots together to present a better effect, showing the confidence and persistence of the protagonist Andy in the workplace, and successfully shaping a female image who bravely pursues her dream.

The Development and Changes of Female Role Construction in Chinese Female Films

In today's seemingly equal Chinese society, women are always discriminated against by society. In the old feudal society under the rule of male power in China, women could only survive in society if they were completely attached to men, which made Chinese women oppressed by the male power society for a long time, and they lost their freedom and choice in life. However, with the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the country began to advocate gender equality, and women could also actively participate in social work. However, China's feudal ideology has lasted for thousands of years, while the founding of New China is less than 100 years old, so it is difficult for feudal ideology to be effectively changed in a short time. Until today, society still discriminates against women. With the continuous development of Chinese society and the continuous improvement of policies, more and more Chinese women have received higher education. They are eager to be recognized by society and realize their own value. This paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the status of female characters in Chinese female films in different periods. Compared with the development of the times, the changes and progress of women's roles in Chinese female films criticize and expose the gender inequality in new China.

What Is the Purpose of Primary School Music Education?

Music education in primary school is necessary. Music education in primary schools is believed to bring benefits such as rounded personalities, expanded children’s abilities, the development of future musicians, and increasing equality in society. Primary school music education is a way to develop the brain, a way to expand children’s abilities, a way to train future musicians and a way to a better society. Music can tap the imagination of citizens. Music education has the power to witness and feel different lives, a strong engagement and a more sympathetic understanding of different individuals and cultures in the world. From the point of view of schools and teachers, the fundamental purpose of primary school music education is that it contributes to the development of human imagination and common morality. Music education fosters imagination, which is essential for citizens of the world. Art, represented by music education, cultivates judgment and sensitivity, which is reflected in the choice of civic behavior. The musical memory of a country and a people can be seen as part of the culture that shapes not only the overall goals in social life, but also the aspirations and aspirations of citizens in society.

Feminist Standpoint in Giving Meaning to Symbolic Experiences in Trans-Women Discrimination

The construction of gender in the social environment is closely related to external sex. Transwomen and women as entities that are symbols in representing equality in society with a patriarchal cultural system. Social construction in a patriarchal society that forms gender based on external sex, so that women's gender is seen as different from transgender women so as to provide deeper discrimination against women. Feminist standpoint sees that through marginalized groups will get a more objective view of the dominating group. Transgender women are placed as a strong objectivity to obtain how the social environment views and the discrimination they experience. The feminist movement that struggles for equality has various considerations to be able to build a perspective on the existence of transgender women and women equally. Standpoint as a result of giving meaning to the symbolic reality that shapes the experience of each individual, including the symbolic transwomen in the social environment.

The Indian Rape Law: Vocabulary of Protest, Reactionary Legislations and Quality of Equality Culture

The problem of violence perpetrated against women in India is not simple. It is embroiled in the historical subjugation of the ‘weaker sex.’ Women have been unable to claim equality in society despite mandatory provisions in the Constitution of India and other legislations in their favour. Despite numerous amendments to the Indian criminal law, rape, one of the most heinous crimes, continues to be committed in India at an alarming rate. The law on Rape in India has undergone three phases of amendments, and all precipitated in the aftermath of public fury on account of brutal and heinous incidents of rape. This paper employs the socio-legal approach to assess the efficacy and impact of these amendments in changing social behaviour. It concludes that though the massive public outrage undoubtedly led to radical amendments, it was a knee-jerk reaction that suffered from legislative ambiguities. The increase in the retributive content of the law ultimately resulted in reduced convictions. Although law is believed to be an instrument of social change, the amendments in the anti-rape legislation have been unable to bring about a positive transformation in the existing cultural inequality.

Investigating Subjective Well-being. A Quantitative Study on Special Education Teachers’ Life Satisfaction.

Teachers are the architects of society [1]. A teacher who is satisfied with her life plays a vital role in the elevation of equal and inclusive societies. This study aims to determine the life satisfaction perceptions of special education teachers in Italy. The study was conducted with a sample of 394 teachers from Campania, belonging to all school levels. (Preschool, Primary, Lower Secondary and Upper Secondary school). In this study the descriptive survey model was used. To collect the data, the Satisfaction with Life Scale developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin (1985) [2], administered in the already validated Italian version [3], was used. The data were analysed with the SPSS program following the scoring indications of the instrument. The results show that most of the interviewees fall into the brackets expressing satisfaction (from very satisfied to averagely satisfied), while only 37 teachers (equal to 9% of the total) were below the average bracket.

Body Size on Cinema: A Critical Discourse Analysis on Contemporary Indonesian Cinema

This article discusses how a fat body in a film is used as a metaphor for a deviant, dangerous, and irresponsible personality through the various narratives occupied by the characters in the film. This research is qualitative research with the main data source is Imperfect film released in 2020. The approach used is a combination of film studies and Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis. The results of the study show that although Imperfect promotes gender equality in society, the narrative that is built still position fat bodies and black skin as non-ideal, especially for woman. Furthermore, Imperfect film positions fat women as a subculture group that struggles as well as agents of change. In conclusion, this study provides an understanding of how the cinematic discourse on size and weight in the context of the structure of the wider community is related to gender issues and films as popular media still have not placed a positive side on weight and skin color, especially in Indonesian society.