Equal Recognition Research Articles

Sex and the State

Sex and the State Allison Brown (bio) Sex Is as Sex Does: Governing Transgender Identity by Paisley Currah NYU Press, 2022, 256 pp. Click for larger view View full resolution Documentation of gender-based government censorship in film from Julia Weist's Motion Picture Division Association of America (2022) (courtesy of the artist) [End Page 106] As a program representative for a state social services department, my primary role is "determinations interviewer." I conduct short interviews with people claiming benefits and their various contractual counterparties, write summaries of the factual information I have received, and then use legal precedent and established administrative procedure to determine the claimants' eligibility for benefits. The systems, both legal and technical, are highly standardized. Let's briefly walk through the standard experience of a claimant. First, they're (hopefully) sent their state-mandated forms that explain, in legal jargon, how to apply. After filling out a long form with detailed information and submitting it, they'll typically be scheduled for an interview with someone like me. These interviews happen about a month from the claim filing date, and during this time, any benefits are placed on hold. All interviews are conducted remotely by phone, all office locations are treated as confidential, and there are no corresponding public offices. If claimants have issues navigating the system, we provide them with a customer service number, which frequently hangs up before they ever reach a human. To maintain a facade of administrative technocratic omnipotence, we're encouraged to rely on wonky "guide sheets" for issues that we have not been trained on if the claimant asks about them. Claimants often experience disorientation at every level of the system. At some point on the job, I began to encounter cases in which the claimant's listed sex did not correspond to the pronouns they used. Here, I found out the instructions were shockingly simple: ask the claimant what their gender is, then update it in the system. From a certain perspective, the ease with which I could update the claimants' data reveals the gains won by trans people: trans claimants are, without much fuss, properly recognized by my state agency and subsequently subject to the same rules as any other claimant. Take that, transphobia! But after reading Paisley Currah's new book Sex Is as Sex Does, I'm increasingly convinced that this is a moral Band-Aid for the injustice of our system: as easy as it is to acknowledge a claimant's identity, the barriers for them to actually receive benefits remain prohibitively burdensome. What good is equal recognition by laws and institutions that reproduce and sanction repression and inequality? ______ For a book that seeks to address a seemingly simple question—why is legally changing your sex so hard?—Sex Is as Sex Does amounts to a dizzyingly dense 151 pages (not counting endnotes). Currah walks readers through the political philosophy, critical theory, and legal scholarship that addresses the current moment in gender discourse and politics, with little philosophical hand-holding. Those willing to brave its theoretical depths, however, might be surprised at how grounded the text is in the facts of its case studies. Currah touches on Tennessee state legislation, Florida marriage court, New York State DMV policy, the Maryland Court of Appeals, and numerous other legal incidents and institutions throughout the book, snapping the reader back to the stakes of the issue whenever things start to get a little wooly. The resulting tapestry is a little patchwork, but Currah's conversational style and sense of humor keep things mostly cohesive. Recounting his approach toward archival research, Currah cheerily reports his passion for lesser noticed (and much less sexy) apparatuses and domains of governmentality that even Foucault found too dull to look into: administration, unenumerated police powers, the population, norms of classification that precede inaugural moments, texts as dull as the [End Page 107] Domesday Book, regulatory decisions and interpretive rules, and the US Social Security Administration's manual for field personnel. Through this omnivorous, detail-oriented approach to the historical record, Currah shows that state actors (such as myself) do not produce transphobic results merely out of a deep-seated fear of those who...

Employee Perceptions of Fairness in Resource Distribution within Large Corporations

Employee perceptions of fairness in resource distribution play a crucial role in shaping workplace attitudes and behaviors. Understanding these perceptions is vital for enhancing employee satisfaction and overall organizational effectiveness. This study aims to explore the qualitative dimensions of fairness as perceived by employees within large corporations, focusing on how resources such as bonuses, promotions, and training opportunities are allocated. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews to collect data from 22 employees across various departments within large corporations. The interview protocol was designed to investigate the depth of employees' perceptions regarding the fairness of resource distribution. Theoretical saturation was achieved, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of the topic. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes. The analysis revealed three main themes: Transparency, Equity, and Employee Satisfaction. Transparency included categories such as Communication of Decisions, Criteria for Allocation, and Access to Information. Equity was delineated into Equal Opportunities, Recognition and Rewards, Diversity and Inclusion, and Needs-Based Allocation. Employee Satisfaction comprised Perceived Fairness, Impact on Performance, Feedback Mechanisms, Professional Growth, and Workplace Atmosphere, each influencing employees' perceptions of organizational fairness and their personal and professional well-being. The study underscores the importance of transparency and equity in resource distribution processes within large corporations. Ensuring clear communication, equitable practices, and a focus on employee satisfaction can significantly enhance perceptions of fairness and, by extension, foster a more committed and productive workforce. These findings suggest that organizations should prioritize fair and transparent resource distribution strategies to improve employee relations and organizational outcomes.

The United Nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, neuroscience, and criminal legal capacity.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities requires states parties to 'recognize that persons with disabilities enjoy legal capacity on an equal basis with others in all aspects of life.' This mandate has sparked debate about the interpretation of legal capacity, including within the criminal context as applied to the retrogressively named 'insanity defense.' Yet, under-examined are two questions: First, what defenses should defendants with psychosocial disabilities be able to invoke during criminal prosecutions? Second, what kind of evidence is consistent with, on the one hand, determining a defendant's decision-making capacity to establish culpability and, on the other hand, the right to equal recognition before the law? Developments in neuroscience offer a unique prism to grapple with these issues. We argue that neuroscientific evidence of impaired decision-making, insofar as it presents valid and interpretable diagnostic information, can be a useful tool for influencing judicial decision-making and outcomes in criminal court. In doing so, we oppose the argument espoused by significant members of the global disability rights community that bioscientific evidence of psychosocial disability should be inadmissible to negate criminal responsibility. Such a position risks more defendants being punished harshly, sentenced to death, and placed in solitary confinement.

Worthy of Recognition: The Confucian Ethics of Recognition

Abstract This paper provides a Confucian account of recognition. In contrast to contemporary recognition discourse (inspired by the Hegelian account of recognition) which emphasizes equal and reciprocal recognition, Confucianism regards the virtuous agent as one who affords recognition to others without seeking recognition for themselves. There is reason to take seriously the Confucian alternative to contemporary recognition discourse. Critical scholars of colonialism have pointed out how the politics of recognition between colonizer and colonized perpetuates the structure of unequal recognition. The comparative perspective on recognition that Confucianism offers will highlight the problematic assumptions that, I argue, actively shape misrecognition in practice.

Civil Limitation Statutes and International Arbitration in Central Asia: not Business as Usual

Abstract It is generally agreed that statutory limitations applicable to civil proceedings have no place in international arbitration proceedings, unless these have been specifically accepted by the parties; are imposed by mandatory laws, or; otherwise compelled by public policy. In equal measure, the process and recognition of enforcement awards should not be subjected to any statutory limitations, as such limitations are absent in the New York Convention and generally excluded by reference to transnational legal instruments, such as the uncitral Model Law. Investor and commercial actors operating in Central Asia should be cautious when embroiled in disputes with state entities because of the latter tend to protract and delay negotiations in order to impose statutory limitations to claims. It is imperative that upon commencement of negotiations foreign entities take appropriate measures to ensure that their claim is not undergoing a ticking time-ban. This may be achieved by serving the other party with an official notice as to the commencement of negotiations and a statement that this is not a substitute of a civil suit or arbitral proceedings. Equally, one of the parties may trigger arbitral proceedings but ask the arbitrators to suspend all hearings until after the termination of negotiations.

Becoming Laborers

AbstractThis article shows that the construction of the notion of dignified laborer during the Chinese New Culture Movement (1915–24) was not simply a reversal of preexisting social hierarchy that placed the mental laborers above the manual laborers but rather a complex and profound process of identity formation that created dynamic equalization between the national and the global, mental laborers and manual laborers, as well as men and women. Through reading a series of cultural and literary works, this article shows that the dignified laborer was an inclusive modern identity that gained traction during the New Culture Movement, when the Chinese intellectuals sought ways to foster national solidarity, realize the full potential of humanity, facilitate intersubjective understanding, and mend social divisions. As a result, this was a period when Chinese people from all walks vied to become laborers with dignity, amidst a rising democratic culture of reciprocal equal recognition.

The Simultaneous Determination of Chlorpyrifos-Ethyl and -Methyl with a New Format of Fluorescence-Based Immunochromatographic Assay.

The improper and excessive use in agriculture of chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPSM) and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CPSE) may affect the health of human beings. Herein, a fluorescence-based immunochromatographic assay (FICA) was developed for the simultaneous determination of CPSM and CPSE. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) with equal recognition of CPSM and CPSE was generated by the careful designing of haptens and screening of hybridoma cells. Instead of labeling fluorescence with mAb, the probe was labeled with goat-anti-mouse IgG (GAM-IgG) and pre-incubated with mAb in the sample. The complex could compete with CPS by coating antigen in the test line. The new format of FICA used goat-anti-rabbit IgG (GAR-IgG) conjugated with rabbit IgG labeled with fluorescence microspheres as an independent quality control line (C line). The novel strategy significantly reduced nonspecific reactions and increased assay sensitivity. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed FICA showed a linear range of 0.015-64 mg/L and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.015 mg/L for both CPSE and CPSM. The average recoveries of CPS from spiked food samples by FICA were 82.0-110.0%. The accuracy was similar to the gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) results. The developed FICA was an ideal on-site tool for rapid screening of CPS residues in foods.

An Analysis of Water Indigent Policies in South African Municipalities through the Lenses of Fraser’s Social Justice Theory- A Study of the Amathole District Municipality

The paper ascertains the extent to which the implementation of the water indigent policy within the Amathole District Municipality is meeting the preconditions of social justice as explained in Fraser’s theory of social justice. The theory states that justice can be understood in three separate but interrelated ways. Such are, distributive justice (in terms of a more equitable distribution of resources), the justice of recognition (the equal recognition of different identities/groups within a society) and the justice of representation. The paper employed a qualitative research approach and a case study design. Data was collected using both primary and secondary methods. Thematic analysis was used and the paper revealed that in the context of water service delivery, the Amathole District Municipality’s indigent policies need to be improved in order to effectively address social justice.

The play of parallel editing in Hong Sangsoo’s The Day After

ABSTRACT This essay surveys how from time to time over the course of his filmmaking, Hong Sangsoo has experimented with crosscutting and parallel editing, taking apart their basic elements and recombining them in novel ways. This essay focuses on the way The Day After presents two plot line edited in parallel that move in opposite chronological directions. One plot line moves forward in time while the other moves backwards. Hong's considerable ingenuity and skill in manipulating these basic tropes of filmmaking have passed unnoticed as critical attention has focused on the films' repeated themes. As rich as these themes are, however, this essay argues that Hong merits equal critical recognition for his experimentation with the formal elements of filmmaking.

Quantification of six types of cytokinins: Integration of an ultra-performance liquid chromatographic-electrospray tandem mass spectrometric method with antibody based immunoaffinity columns equally recognizing cytokinins in free base and nucleoside forms

Cytokinins (CTKs) exist in various types in plants. The accurate quantification of free base and nucleoside types of cytokinins are helpful for better understanding their physiological role. In the present study, antibodies against trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and N6-isopentenyladenine riboside (iPR) antibodies with equal recognition to free base and nucleoside cytokinins were developed. The cross-reactivity of tZR mAb 3G101G7 with tZR, trans-zeatin (tZ), dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), dihydrozeatin (DHZ), iPR, and N6-isopentenyladenine (iP) was 100.0%, 95.7%, 19.1%, 18.0%, 1.1%, and 0.7%, and that of iPR mAb 5C82F1 with above-mentioned 6 types of cytokinins was 1.5%, 1.4%, 5.7%, 3.1%, 100.0% and 92.6%, respectively. The obtained antibodies were used to prepare two immunoaffinity columns (IAC). The elution efficiencies of tZR 3G101G7-IAC for tZ and tZR, DHZ and DHZR and of iPR 5C82F1-IAC for iP and iPR were almost no difference with the same loading amount on their corresponding IACs. Subsequently, six types of cytokinins in mepiquat chloride (MC)-treated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots were determined by IACs combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The contents of tZR, iPR and DHZR were increased by 9.3∼38.5%, 6.6∼23.5%, and 30.1∼110.0%, respectively, whereas those of tZ and iP were reduced by 5.3∼20.0% and 27.7∼32.1%, respectively. The decreased tZ and iP levels led to the ratio of auxin-to-active cytokinins increase to promote lateral root initiation in MC-treated cotton seeding. Integration of the IACs equally recognizing cytokinins in their free base and nucleoside forms with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS can accurately quantify different cytokinins in plant tissues.

Reflecting on an unexpected challenge in obtaining ethical approval for research with adults with learning disabilities

Obtaining ethical approval for my PhD research with adults with learning (intellectual) disabilities presented an unexpected challenge of learning to work with two sets of guidance: the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), and the Ethical Conduct in Human Research and Related Activities Regulations (HRR). The CRPD binds States Parties to progress equal rights for people with disabilities of which Article 12, equal recognition before the law, disconnects mental capacity from legal capacity. The HRR protects participants, researchers and institutions and recognises mental capacity as a component of informed consent. In applying the CRPD and the HRR as complementary safeguards, and looking through the lens of edgewalking, I gained an appreciation for positively encountering complexity and incorporating multiple points of view. This article will describe how my challenging experience enabled skill building to develop a more strategic academic voice and will be of interest to student and other researchers.

The National Disability Insurance Scheme review process: weaknesses and opportunities to enhance the CRPD

ABSTRACT The National Disability Insurance Scheme (‘NDIS’) commenced in 2013 and is designed to give effect to Australia’s obligations under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 (‘CRPD’). Criticism of the NDIS has been widespread since the rollout, raising questions regarding compliance with the CRPD. This article specifically examines the shortcomings of the review process that persons with disabilities may encounter when they disagree with a decision made by the National Disability Insurance Agency, the body administering the NDIS, relating to their funding. It highlights inconsistencies with the CRPD article 13 ‘Access to justice’, article 12 ‘Equal recognition before the law’ and article 9 ‘Accessibility’. The reader will gain a deeper knowledge of the human rights weaknesses of the NDIS review process and how this impacts persons with disabilities. Opportunities to enhance compliance with the CPRD and start restoring confidence in the NDIS for persons with disabilities will be identified.

Hak Judicial Review Warga Negara Asing Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia

One of the rights of every person who is universal is equal recognition and treatment before the law, not least for Foreign Nationals (WNA). Therefore, the protection of the existence of WNA within the legal umbrella of a country is a principle to be implemented; Considering that WNA has a legal interest in the country. Nevertheless, there is a probe into the legal rights of the WNA; One of them is the legal position of WNA to conduct judicial review to defend its legal interests. This type of research is legal research. This legal research uses a statutory and conceptual approach. The legal materials used in this legal research are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials; where the two materials are inventoried to obtain an elaborative and prescriptive juridical study. The purpose of this legal research is to describe the basic principles regarding the relationship between legal standing and judicial review; as well as describe the constitutional perspective on the possibility of granting legal capacity to foreign nationals to be able to conduct judicial reviews in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that the relationship between legal position and judicial review has a very strong relationship. Therefore, legal position is the basis of legal subjects to carry out legal actions as in a judicial review. Thus, if a statutory regulation is deemed detrimental to the rights of everyone including foreigners, the foreigner has the right to conduct a judicial review of the statutory regulations. Then, the spirit and provisions of the Indonesian constitution actually provide the possibility for foreigners to conduct a judicial review. Thus, it is necessary to make improvements to the Law relating to the Constitutional Court regarding the legitimacy of foreigners to have a legal standing to conduct a judicial review

Trashing or Rather Thrashing out the Gender Binary? Trans Employees’ Gender Performance at Work

This article analyzes 32 individual interviews and 5 focus group interviews with trans-persons and trans-experts, and focuses on how openly trans individuals, who are successful in their careers and who do not work in in especially ‘trans-friendly’ business sectors, perform their gender at work in Thailand. As non-passing trans-persons they do not meet the idealized cis-gendered standard of Butler’s heterosexual matrix. We show, however, that in order to make themselves ‘intelligible’, and with this, employable and promotable, another matrix applies: this we call the trans-matrix. This demonstrates that successful trans-women tend to adjust their way of ‘doing transgender’ to an ultra-feminine standard, whilst the gender performance of successful trans-men tends towards more of an ultra-masculine standard. While trans-femininity is primarily performed on the level of appearance for trans-women, trans-masculinity is, for trans-men, rather performed on the level of behavior. Although the rigid gender binary is the main obstacle to their struggle for equal recognition, compensating for any deficiency with regard to non-conformance with the cis-gender ideal of the heterosexual matrix by performing in accordance with the ideals of the trans-matrix (that is, performing extreme positions of the gender binary) contributes more to stabilizing the binary, rather than undermining or challenging it.

KONSEP DIRI ANGGOTA DEWAN PERWAKILAN DAERAH REPUBLIK INDONESIA (DPD – RI) PADA KONTEKS KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA

Indonesia is multicultural, which means that it does not only recognize the plurality of certain ethnic groups or cultures, but also emphasizes equality between these cultures. The existence of ethnicity should be considered as the nation's essential wealth that can be used to form social relations, to enrich the nation's cultural assets. In this case, multiculturalism accommodates two (2) things that are contradicted, namely 'Difference' and 'Equality'. Thus, despite the high level of heterogeneity, "vertical and horizontal conflicts", can be reduced because each culture is given the freedom to show its identity and carry out life more autonomously while getting equal recognition of the existence and uniqueness of each. This is the reason why this research was conducted at State Institutions such as DPD – RI.The purpose and objective of this research is to explore opinions and get a general idea of ​​how the strategy of DPD – RI Members to construct their self - concept based on their region of origin in the context of intercultural communication.This study uses a qualitative method with a constructivist paradigm that focuses on Alfred Schutz's tradition of social phenomenology, which is associated with the concept of symbolic interaction.The results showed that there were three (3) self - concept models of the informants, namely: the conservative model; adaptive; interactive, based on three (3) classification, namely: motive – adaptation – interaction.The conclusion obtained is that the scope of the informant's self-concept is not limited to social and political communication, but is closely related to intercultural communication. The slogan “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” has become a symbol of intercultural communication for DPD – RI members as the end result of how they interpret their self - concept.

The life of a marginalized ransgender person (Suyambu) as focussed in the novel ‘Vaadamalli’

S. Samuthiran’s “Vaadamalli” is a novel that projects the difficulties and sufferings undergone by transgenders in this society. This world has differentiated men and women but hasn’t given recognition to transgenders. These transgenders have been suffering in society without getting proper recognition. They have been fighting to get equal rights as other genders and live normal human lives which have been denied to them by society. A particular society has even gone to the extent of ill-treating and teasing them in return for their fight for rights. These transgenders have been stamped as refugees and are people who live on the edge. If this society can recognize men and women it should give that equal recognition to these transgenders too. As we know X chromosome stands for women and Y for men. This is the scientific reality. An error in their chromosomal structures brings about these behavioral changes in them which are beyond their control and all these happenings are mere science. The transgenders fail every time they try to prove this in society. Like the character named “Suyambu” in the novel who fights for the rights of transgenders, there should be organizations who help them live a peaceful life. There are still limitations for transgenders, for instance, using a public toilet. They aren’t given jobs in all fields. To conclude, the feelings and rights of transgenders should be taken into consideration and respected. Before anyone in society accepts them, their own family should accept them to avoid criticism from society.

Current Problems of the Impact of Gender Equality in the Administration of Justice in Ukraine

The main purpose of the article was to study the gender equality principles in the Ukrainian justice system. This paper covered the main mechanisms of the state of modern international legal regulations on the impact of gender equality in the administration of justice. The main issues arising upon the implementation of gender equality issues in the justice system of Ukraine were identified. It was suggested that new mechanisms of further improvement of the corresponding law enforcement practice. It was concluded that particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, the recognition of gender equality in Ukraine as a key aspect of sustainable development requires the introduction of a gender integration policy in all areas, including in the justice system, where it is necessary to recognise gender aspects upon delivering justice.

Multiculturalismo y racialización en América Latina y el Caribe

This article, which is based on a keynote address, delivered for the 2nd International Congress of Caribbean Studies, held at the Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia, in August of 2012, argues that Caribbean nations are in dire need to analyze and deconstruct the foundational myths upon w hich their national unities were constructed after achieving independence. This process is under way in such countries as Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, but has not been carried out for most Caribbean nations, maybe with the exception of Cuba. Where such efforts have not been pursued vigorously, myths of racial harmony tend to prevail. These myths, w hile having served the initial purpose of undermining factionalism and potential secession, are now standing in the w ay of recognizing cultural diversity so that it can be addressed with meaningful public policies. Before a thorough dismantling of such foundational myths of racial harmony is achieved, multiculturalism, i.e. the equal recognition of different cultures living in one country, remains elusive.

Recognition of occluded objects by slope difference distribution features

Object recognition under occlusion is a key issue in computer vision. Since one can recognize an occluded object solely based on the shape, one ultimate goal of artificial intelligence is to find an automatic method that could recognize the object solely based on its shape with equal recognition accuracy. In this paper, slope difference distribution (SDD) is used to extract the shape features of the object as its sparse representation. One or several scale-invariant shape models are defined with the general SDD features for each shape class. The object is recognized based on the minimum distances between its detected SDD features and the SDD features of all the shape models. To increase the generality, we propose a two-dimensional SDD feature extraction method that computes the SDD features directly from the two-dimensional contours. Experimental results showed that the proposed object recognition method could recognize the object under significant occlusion robustly. It achieved 100% recognition and retrieval accuracy on three public datasets, Kimia99, Kimia216 and MPEG-7. For the fine-grained object classification, the proposed method achieved 90.6% accuracy on CUB-200-2011, which is also better than existing methods.

The co-evolutionary approach to nature-based solutions: A conceptual framework

The concept of NbS bridges between researchers and practitioners who search for innovative solutions to a wide range of societal problems and challenges, mostly related to ecological issues. Our conceptual paper aims at grounding the concept in theorizing NbS as a variant of ‘co-evolutionary technology’ CET, informed by ecological and institutional economics, and contextualized in recent Anthropocene research. This results in a new definition of NbS. NbS mediate between technosphere and biosphere evolution. We formulate four principles of CET, with the pivot of CET meeting both human needs and enhancing biospheric evolutionary potential, which feeds back on CET in co-creative design. The paper introduces core theoretical concepts, such as distributed agency and affordances, and proceeds in detailing CET along the standard tripartite view of technology, that is, design, production and use. We conclude in arguing that CET are inherently ethical since their design requires equal recognition of various human and non-human actors, both in terms of functions and ways of world-making.