Equality Of Means Research Articles

Comparing risk assessment methods for work-related musculoskeletal disorders with in vivo joint loads during manual materials handling

The validity of observational methods in ergonomics is still challenging research. Criterion validity in terms of concurrent validity is the most commonly studied. However, studies comparing observational methods with biomechanical values are rare. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS) and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) with in vivo load measurements at hip, spine, and knee during stoop and squat lifting of 14 participants. The results reveal that OWAS and REBA action levels (AL) can distinguish between different in vivo load measurements during manual lifting. However, the results also reveal that the same OWAS- and REBA-AL do not necessarily provide equal mean values of in vivo load measurements. For example, resultant contact force in the vertebral body replacement for squat lifting ranged from 57% body weight (%BW) in OWAS-AL1 to 138%BW in OWAS-AL3 compared to 46%BW in REBA-AL0 and 173%BW in REBA-AL3. Furthermore, the results suggest that the performed squat lifting techniques had a higher risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders than the performed stoop lifting techniques.

Equality and Diversity in Learning through Differentiated Instructions

Calls for effective instructional strategies persist to appropriately address the diverse learning needs of learners through differentiated instruction, despite numerous futile attempts to raise teaching and learning standards globally and with the growing zeal towards equality and diversity of all learners in today’s classrooms. In order to satisfy the aspirations and requirements of every learner, this presentation will explain the meaning, justification, legislation, and principles of equality and diversity. It will also provide guidance to educators and other stakeholders on utilizing differentiated instructions to promote equality in educational environments. The presentation explores various frameworks, as evident in the literature and global surveys, unanimously acknowledging that each learner learns differently. This recognition gave rise to the theory of differentiated instruction, which considers individual learner differences in modifying the type of content delivered, the assessments conducted, the sequence of content delivery, and/or various other learner characteristics. In order to promote equality among all different types of learners, the presentation clarifies the concept of differentiated teaching and offers suggestions for its implementation in inclusive classroom settings. In conclusion, the presentation underscores current equality or inclusive practices and the roles and solutions that differentiated teaching may play in helping all diverse learners across educational environments.
 Keywords: equality, diversity, differentiated instruction, learning

TPP (totally preperitoneal) making single incision laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair more feasible: a comparison with single incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty (SIL-TEP)

BackgroundTotally preperitoneal hernioplasty (TPP) is a concept which was introduced for distinguishing with totally extraperitoneal (TEP). There is few evidence reflecting the single incision laparoscopic totally preperitoneal (SIL-TPP) characteristic. The aim of study is to demonstrate the feasibility of single incision laparoscopic totally preperitoneal hernioplasty (SIL-TPP) and compare the outcomes with the single incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty (SIL-TEP) technique.MethodsDuring August 2018 and July 2022, 200 inguinal hernia patients received SIL-TPP and 56 patients received SIL-TEP in the First hospital of Ningbo university. The demographics, clinical characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative parameters were retrospectively analysed.ResultsSIL-TPP and SIL-TEP hernia repair were successfully conducted in all patients. There was no conversation happened in two group. Patients’ demographics were comparable when compared between the two groups adding the comparison initial 52 cases analysis (P > 0.05). The mean unilateral hernia operative time was significant shorter in the SIL-TPP group than SIL-TEP group (unilateral: 81.38 ± 25.32 vs. 95.96 ± 28.54, P: 0.001). Further study of unilateral hernia operative time revealed the mean indirect hernia operative time was significant shorter in the SIL-TPP group than SIL-TEP group (indirect: 81.38 ± 25.33 vs. 95.87 ± 28.54, P: 0.001). The unilateral hernia operation time trend of initial 52 cases of two group analysis revealed the operation time of SIL-TPP reduced faster than SIL-TEP along with treating number increasing (Figs. 2 and 3). The comparison of initial equal quantity unilateral hernia patient mean operative time revealed the SIL-TPP group was significant shorter than SIL-TEP group (85.77 ± 22.76 vs. 95.87 ± 28.54, P: 0.049). The rate of peritoneum tearing of SIL-TPP group was significant high than SIL-TEP (P = 0.005).ConclusionSIL-TPP hernia repair is a superior procedure and possess its own distinguished advantages. We recommend it rather than SIL-TEP for treating inguinal hernia, especially for indirect hernia. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials comparing SIL-TPP and SIL-TEP are needed to confirm these results.

Geometric-arithmetic mean inequality for q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher aggregations

The geometric-arithmetic mean inequality is undoubtedly the most important one in the area of information aggregation. Recently, some q-rung orthopair fuzzy aggregation operators were proposed based on the Hamacher operations. In this paper, we give a detailed theoretical and practical analysis of the developed Hamacher arithmetic and geometric operators for q-rung orthopair fuzzy values. First, we investigate the monotonicity of these Hamacher aggregation operators on q-rung orthopair fuzzy values with respect to the parameter within Hamacher operations. Then, we discuss the limiting cases of these q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators as the parameter therein approaches to zero or infinity and give a new characterization of the boundedness of these aggregation operators. Subsequently, we establish the geometric-arithmetic mean inequality for q-rung orthopair fuzzy information based on Hamacher operations. Finally, we present a decision making method by use of these aggregation operators and apply it to the problem of enterprise resource planning system selection.

A New Method to Prove Several Inequalities

As is known to all, to strengthen and refine the famous arithmetic-geometric- harmonic mean inequality H (w, a) ≤ G (w, a) ≤ A (w, a), it has been becoming the focus of the theoretical research of inequality from estimating the mean difference. the difference between the two inequalities mentioned above is estimated by using variance, and these results are strengthened or generalized by using a consistent proof model.

Rewriting the Myth of Atalanta: Cross-Dressing and Gender Equality in Emily Hauser’s For the Winner

This article studies Emily Hauser’s For the Winner (2017), a contemporary reimagining of the myth of Atalanta. This novel belongs to a women-authored literary mode that gives prominence and a voice to classical female characters and myths. Close examination of the politics of cross-dressing, as well as how Atalanta’s mythic identity is reconstructed as a heroine undaunted by gender lines reveals that Hauser’s approach constitutes a central site for ascribing meanings of determination, agency, and gender equality, thus culturally repositioning the male-centredness of her canonical representations and providing a feminist reinscription of the myth.

ASSESSMENT FAIRNESS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST: EVALUATING THE FACTOR STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE ACROSS GENDER

The specific purpose of the study was to evaluate the factor structure of statistics assessment fairness inventory (SAFI) which was adapted for the Ghanaian context and further examine measurement invariance across gender. SAFI factor structure and construct validity were assessed with a sample of 735 Ghanaian university students through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Through an exploratory factor analysis, five dimensions were obtained which include: learning materials and practices, test design, opportunity to demonstrate learning test administration and grading, and offering feedback. A confirmatory factor analysis was then conducted to examine the factor loadings of the items. Further analysis revealed a partial measurement invariance of the fairness construct with equal means and equal variances in relation to gender. This suggested that the SAFI is valid, reliable, and can equally work across gender. It is recommended that SAFI has important implications for decisions regarding the conduct of especially, high-stakes examinations.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

On further refinements of the Jensen inequality and applications

We aim to extend some recent refinements of the Jensen inequality. First, we establish even more precise estimates for the Jensen inequality. Then, we derive an improvement of the Jensen inequality with regard to ‐convexity. As an application, our main results are applied in deriving refinements of power mean inequalities and the Hölder inequality. Finally, we obtain more accurate estimates for ‐divergences, important in the information theory.

Clarifying and Enhancing the Role of Equality in Youth Work Ethics: The Case for an Equality Studies Approach

ABSTRACT Implicitly or explicitly, youth work practitioners, scholars and advocates typically invoke a set of egalitarian values to explain, justify and promote the ethical basis of their work. Despite such commitments, there exists conceptual ambiguity surrounding equality across much of the youth work literature which has significant consequences for how youth work is framed and defended. This article introduces the interdisciplinary field of Equality Studies and argues that an Equality Studies approach provides a means to (i) clarify equality-related normative goals within the youth work field and (ii) enhance radically orientated youth work by strengthening the conception of equality at its core. It analyses three areas of conceptual ambiguity within the youth work literature with respect to the value of equality, in each case demonstrating how an Equality Studies approach can help remedy the problem. These areas are: (i) the assumption that equality means ‘sameness’; (ii) the limits of equality of opportunity and anti-discrimination; and (iii) the relationship between equality and other values. It then evaluates the concept of ‘equity’, arguing that it is a vague, inadequate and unnecessary vehicle for capturing egalitarian concerns. The article concludes with some comments on the feasibility of radically egalitarian youth work.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure versus Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation in Preterm Neonates: What if Mean Airway Pressures Were Equivalent?

Respiratory support for preterm neonates in modern neonatal intensive care units is predominantly with the use of noninvasive interfaces. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) are the prototypical and most commonly utilized forms of noninvasive respiratory support, and each has unique gas flow characteristics. In meta-analyses of clinical trials till date, NIPPV has been shown to likely reduce respiratory failure and need for intubation compared to CPAP. However, a significant limitation of the included studies has been the higher mean airway pressures used during NIPPV. Thus, it is unclear to what extent any benefits seen with NIPPV are due to the cyclic pressure application versus the higher mean airway pressures. In this review, we elaborate on these limitations and summarize the available evidence comparing NIPPV and CPAP at equivalent mean airway pressures. Finally, we call for further studies comparing noninvasive respiratory support modes at equal mean airway pressures. KEY POINTS: · Most current literature on CPAP vs. NIPPV in preterm neonates is confounded by use of higher mean airway pressures during NIPPV.. · In this review, we summarize existing evidence on CPAP vs. NIPPV at equivalent mean airway pressures.. · We call for future research on noninvasive support modes to account for mean airway pressures..

Confidence intervals for intentionally biased estimators

. We propose and study three confidence intervals (CIs) centered at an estimator that is intentionally biased to reduce mean squared error. The first CI simply uses an unbiased estimator’s standard error; compared to centering at the unbiased estimator, this CI has higher coverage probability for confidence levels above 91. 7%, even if the biased and unbiased estimators have equal mean squared error. The second CI trades some of this “excess” coverage for shorter length. The third CI is centered at a convex combination of the two estimators to further reduce length. Practically, these CIs apply broadly and are simple to compute.

Muscular fitness profiles in relation to the response in body fat during school-based high-intensity intervention.

We aimed to assess the equivalence of the muscular fitness (MF) between body fat percentage (BFP) responders (Rs<inf>BFP</inf>) and non-responders (NRs<inf>BFP</inf>) to school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Adolescents aged 16 (N.=73, 42.5% of males) were identified as Rs<inf>BFP</inf> (N.=45) or NRs<inf>BFP</inf> (N.=28). MF was assessed based on hand strength (HS), abdominal muscle strength (ABS), and leg power (VJ). Profile analysis showed distinct patterns of MF changes in both response categories. Despite the presence of parallelism (Wilks' Λ=0.979, Pillai's V=0.212, P=0.473), a gradient of increasing changes (HS-ABS-VJ) was found in the Rs<inf>BFP</inf>, while a gradient of decreasing changes was shown in the NRs<inf>BFP</inf>, and a significant level of inequality (F<inf>(1,71)</inf>=7.823, P=0.047, partial eta-squared [η2<inf>p</inf>] 0.041). One-way analysis showed a significant and moderate effect on VJ (F<inf>(1,71)</inf>=7.080, P=0.010, η2<inf>P</inf>=0.091), a close to significant effect on ABS (F<inf>(1,71)</inf>=3.300, P=0.074, η2<inf>P</inf>=0.044) and lack of an effect on HS (F<inf>(1,71)</inf>=0.699, P=0.406, η2<inf>P</inf>=0.010). The test of equal means across the condition categories (separately for Rs<inf>BFP</inf> and NRs<inf>BFP</inf>) indicated that there was no multivariate statistically significant within-group effect (F<inf>(2, 70)</inf>=0.517, P=0.599). The findings may help teachers assess the potential and indirect changes in muscle performance after employing a body weight intervention (based on the HIIT program). A more targeted approach to treating adolescents with excessive BF, in parallel with improving MF, can be individually tailored.

An Objective and Robust Bayes Factor for the Hypothesis Test One Sample and Two Population Means.

It has been over 100 years since the discovery of one of the most fundamental statistical tests: the Student's t test. However, reliable conventional and objective Bayesian procedures are still essential for routine practice. In this work, we proposed an objective and robust Bayesian approach for hypothesis testing for one-sample and two-sample mean comparisons when the assumption of equal variances holds. The newly proposed Bayes factors are based on the intrinsic and Berger robust prior. Additionally, we introduced a corrected version of the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), denoted BIC-TESS, which is based on the effective sample size (TESS), for comparing two population means. We studied our developed Bayes factors in several simulation experiments for hypothesis testing. Our methodologies consistently provided strong evidence in favor of the null hypothesis in the case of equal means and variances. Finally, we applied the methodology to the original Gosset sleep data, concluding strong evidence favoring the hypothesis that the average sleep hours differed between the two treatments. These methodologies exhibit finite sample consistency and demonstrate consistent qualitative behavior, proving reasonably close to each other in practice, particularly for moderate to large sample sizes.

Notes on the arithmetic–geometric mean inequality

Notes on the arithmetic–geometric mean inequality

Refinement of the classical Jensen inequality using finite sequences

This article is dedicated to a refinement of the classical Jensen inequality by virtue of some finite real sequences. Inequalities for various means are obtained from this refinement. Also, from the proposed refinement, the authors acquire some inequalities for Csiszâr $\Psi$- divergence and for Shannon and Zipf-Mandelbrot entropies. The refinement is further generalized through several finite real sequences.

Анализ динамики селей на фоне климатических изменений в высокогорной зоне Кабардино-Балкарии

The object of the study is a dangerous slope phenomenon (mudflow) in the mountains of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR) against the background of changing climatic conditions of the warm season (May-September). The paper presents the results of statistical, frequency and regression analysis of the dynamics of the number of mudflows, precipitation amounts, and average temperatures in the high-mountain zone of the KBR in the period 1953–2015. Statistical analysis of time series was carried out using the SPSS 20.0 software package. Linear trends were generated using Excel built-in LINEST worksheet function. The efficiency (coefficient of determination R2 ) and quality of regression models in general and by parameters were assessed using the Fisher test (F) and their significance (Sig.). The t-test was used to identify statistical equality or inequality of means between two periods. It was found that in the period 1953–2015 there was a slight increase in precipitation and average temperature. When analyzing the statistics of series in two periods 1953–1984 and 1984–2015, it was found that the average and total characteristics of the number of mudflows, precipitation and temperatures increase in the second period. Frequency analysis showed that out of 499 cases of mudflows over 63 years, 32% occurred in 9 cases per season (May-September). Frequency analysis confirmed the homogeneity of the distribution of precipitation amounts: in almost 60% of cases, the precipitation amount varies in a narrow range from 92.7 mm to 104.1 mm. For a number of temperatures, the most common (37%) was the average temperature of the warm season t = 10.2 °C; 31% corresponded to the temperature range from 10.7 °C to 11.8 °C. The analysis allows us to talk about an increase in the frequency of dangerous slope phenomena against the background of modern climate change, including in the high mountains.

Geometric digital twins of long-living assets: uncertainty-aware 3D images from measurement and CAD data

Geometric digital twins (gDT) of long-living assets are formed from a multitude of different data sources like CAD or measurement data imaging as-designed to sensory-based acquired as-is states. Change detection techniques allow merging 3D data pairwise, deriving a geometric digital twin of the physical asset. However, positional uncertainties must be considered to account for the data’s reliability when facing different kinds of data sources. The contribution of this work provides the ability to specify (an-)isotropic positional uncertainty quantities for meshes and even sparse point clouds in advance, enabling uncertainty-aware change detection. In the case of sensory-based as-is data, uncertainty is defined by the measurement process, while in the case of as-designed CAD data, the uncertainty relates, e.g., to manufacturing tolerances. Instead of testing on equal means during point-wise comparison as in M3C2, we utilize the Bhattacharyya distance measure to quantify the (dis)similarity between correspondences during change detection.

On a conjecture related to the geometric mean and norm inequalities

On a conjecture related to the geometric mean and norm inequalities

ON A NEW α-CONVEXITY WITH RESPECT TO A PARAMETER: APPLICATIONS ON THE MEANS AND FRACTIONAL INEQUALITIES

In this research, we introduce a new and generalized family of convex functions, entitled the [Formula: see text]-convex functions in the second sense with respect to a parameter and examine their important algebraic properties. Based on this novel convexity concept, we explore a new class of fractional integral inequalities for functions that are twice differentiable. These results are derived from fundamental identities obtained using classical Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. To validate our findings, we provide 2D and 3D graphs of the main results. Furthermore, as an additional aspect of our study, we explore error estimates for differences of generalized means.

Some New Improvements for Fractional Hermite–Hadamard Inequalities by Jensen–Mercer Inequalities

This article’s objective is to introduce a new double inequality based on the Jensen–Mercer (JM) inequality, known as the Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer inequality. We use the (JM) inequality to build a number of generalized trapezoid‐type inequalities. Moreover, in addition to the (JM) inequality, we also use the Hölder inequality and the power mean inequality. Finally, a few examples are given to highlight the main points of our outcomes.