Equal Frequency Research Articles

The relationship between bullying and symptom presentation in first-episode psychosis.

Multiple recent studies have indicated that adverse psycho-traumatic experiences are particularly significant, if not the most significant, among the environmental factors that participate in the aetiology of schizophrenic spectrum disorders. The prevalence of bullying in the adolescent population has increased dramatically compared to earlier reports. This may be related to the recent development of communication technology and the use of social media, which have expanded the means by which bullying can be practiced. The present study aims to investigate the association between bullying victimisation and psychotic symptoms in First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) patients, hypothesising that patients who have a bullying history may have increased psychotic symptoms and a more unfavourable early trajectory after treatment as usual compared to patients who do not have a bullying history. Research data were collected from a sample of men and women of the Greek general population aged between 16 and 45 (N=225) who experienced a FEP in the context of the Athens First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) Study. The assessment of bullying was performed using the Retrospective Bullying Questionnaire (RBQ). Assessment of positive and negative psychotic symptoms and general psychopathology was performed using the corresponding subscales of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment as usual. Clinical remission was assessed based on the baseline and follow-up values of the PANSS and on Andreasen's symptomatic criteria. Methodologically, Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare the history of bullying between men and women, while linear and logistic regression models were used to check the correlations between history of bullying and symptom severity at baseline and 4-week follow-up, as well as the correlation between history of bullying and remission. The prevalence of bullying history in our sample of patients (N:225) with a FEP was 51.4% (114/225). Bullying was recorded in our study participants with equal frequency in women and men. According to the analysis results, the patients who had experienced bullying did not present at baseline with significantly increased psychotic symptoms compared to the patients who did not have a history of bullying. In addition, bullying was not associated with reduced remission according to Andreasen's criteria. However, the patients who had experienced bullying were found to have significantly increased negative symptoms (B=1.66; SE=0.70; p=0.018) and increased PANSS total score (B=4.81; SE=2.34; p=0.041) at 4-week follow-up. Our results highlight the persistence of negative and overall symptoms as an impact of bullying on the development of the FEP and align with studies that support the consideration of a history of bullying during both the diagnostic and therapeutic processes.

School's out for summer-Differences in training characteristics between adolescent biathletes of different performance levels.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively describe the longitudinal changes of training variables in adolescent biathletes based on performance level. Thirty biathletes (15 men and 15 women) were included in the study and categorized as either national level biathletes (NLB, n = 21) or national team biathletes (NTB, n = 9). Retrospective training data was collected from training diary covering the biathletes' four years (Y1-Y4) as student-athletes at upper secondary school. Training data was divided into physical and shooting training variables. A linear mixed-effect model was used for comparing the difference of the performance group and year of upper secondary school on training characteristics. The NTB group achieved a greater annual training volume than the NLB group, especially during Y4 (594±71 h·y-1 vs 461±127 h·y-1, p < 0.001), through an increase in duration of each session and by completing more weekly training volume during the general phase (13.7±4.6 vs 10.0±4.9 h·w-1, p = 0.004). No difference was observed in relative training intensity distribution between the groups. The total number of shots fired was also greater for the NTB (9971±4716 vs 7355±2812 shots·y-1, p = 0.003). There was an equal frequency in illness and injury for both the NLB and NTB. Accordingly, the results of the present study describe longitudinal changes of biathlon training in adolescent biathletes that also may affect performance development.

Evaluating the Reactions of Bridge Foundations to Combined Wave–Flow Dynamics

As the ongoing development of national infrastructure progresses, we see an increase in the construction of deep-water bridges, specifically cross-sea bridges. This paper uses Stokes’s wave theory to simulate and analyze how a bridge foundation dynamically responds to wave–fluid interactions. Firstly, the governing equations, boundary conditions and initial conditions of fluid motion are derived, expanded and solved via Stokes’s wave theory, and a spectral model is simulated and plotted. Based on the P-M spectrum and equal frequency method, a method of wave height attenuation during wave propagation is proposed. Using an SSTK-ω turbulence model, a numerical wave flume is established considering the fluid model, the selection of element type and the boundary conditions set, and the influencing factors of wave propagation (attenuation) are analyzed. Waves with different wave parameters (period, depth and height) are numerically simulated and compared with the theoretical values. Finally, we perform an analysis of the dynamic response under wave–current coupling conditions. We establish different operational scenarios and obtain the following results: under a load duration of 200 s, the peak transverse displacements for spans 1, 2 and 3 measure at 0.84 m, 0.63 m and 0.62 m, respectively. The peak transverse displacements under operational scenarios 2 and 3 show reductions of 25.0% and 25.7%, respectively, when compared to scenario 1. However, large transverse displacements remain. This suggests that the influence of waves and water flow on the transverse displacement of the main span should not be overlooked.

Comprehensive analysis of band gap of phononic crystal structure and objective optimization based on genetic algorithm

In this paper, a type of acoustic metamaterial structure is proposed, which provides a new idea for the structural design of metamaterials with specific wave propagation direction. The structure is named snowflake-like square phonon crystal structure (SLS). Firstly, based on Bloch theorem and finite element method, the energy band curve of the structure is obtained, and the low frequency band gap in the range of 300–600Hz is obtained, and the band gap is analyzed comprehensively with the main band gap. It includes the vibration modal analysis at the corresponding point of the boundary of Brillouin zone and the establishment of a corresponding simplified model to explain the mechanism of band gap opening and closing more deeply. At the same time, the band gap characteristic of SLS structure is verified by the transmission curve, and the difference of elastic wave transmission results between inside and outside the band gap is given. Not only that, the real propagation direction of the band gap is described by group velocity and equal frequency diagram. The results show that in the range of relatively low frequency elastic waves, the propagation of elastic waves in the structure has a certain direction and region, that is, the structure can play a good effect of vibration and noise reduction. In addition, after the comprehensive analysis, this paper analyzes the influence trend of various factors on the band gap of the structure, and establishes the optimization model of the target band gap based on genetic algorithm, and finally obtains the optimized SLS structure. The results show that the band gap width is more than 2.5 times larger than the initial band gap width. It shows that even under the specific structure, the optimization space of the band gap still has a high lifting upper limit.

Pediatric psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A retrospective observational cohort study at a quaternary center

BackgroundPsychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) represent a common functional disorder in the pediatric population. We aimed to characterize pediatric PNES by describing their clinical characteristics, PNES semiologies, and healthcare pathway towards and after diagnosis. Material and MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational chart review of pediatric patients aged 6 to 18 years admitted between December 2020 and December 2021 for spell classification or suspected PNES. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure diagnosis was made by the capture of a typical event on video electroencephalogram (vEEG). We used descriptive statistics to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics. ResultsWe included 26 patients (18 females, 69.2%) with a mean age (SD) of 13.9 (2.5) years. Pre-morbid neurologic and psychiatric conditions included: epilepsy (23.1%), migraine (46.2%), mild traumatic brain injury (26.9%), anxiety (57.7%), ADHD (34.6%), and depression (30.8%). Six patients (23.1%) had a prior diagnosis of PNES. 14 patients (53.8%) presented with convulsive, and 6 (23.1%) each with non-convulsive and mixed PNES.Patients were seen by a range of providers prior to diagnosis including ED providers (50%), neurologists (53.8%), pediatricians (34.6%), and psychology/psychiatry (11.5%). Emergency department evaluation occurred for 13 patients (50%) on 15 occasions, and six (23.1%) were admitted to the hospital. The median (p25-p75) time from PNES onset to presentation and diagnosis at our institution was 3.5 (1.5–6.2) and 4.1 (3–7) months, respectively.A total of 33 events from the 26 patients were captured on vEEG. The most frequent semiologies in our cohort were rhythmic motor (27.3%) followed by equal frequency (18.2%) of complex motor and dialeptic. Eighteen patients (69.2%) were followed after the PNES diagnosis, for a median (p25-p75) of 17.3 months (6.3–21) with variable outcome. ConclusionPediatric PNES has female predominance and often presents with comorbid psychosocial stressors and psychiatric conditions. High clinical suspicion and early recognition are crucial to decrease healthcare utilization and establish timely diagnosis and treatment.

Sedation practices in palliative care services across France: a nationwide point-prevalence analysis

ObjectivesTerminally ill patients may require sedation to relieve refractory suffering. The prevalence and modalities of this practice in palliative care services remain unclear. This study estimated the prevalence of all...

Genetic polymorphism of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit loci in bread wheat varieties in the Pre-Ural steppe zone.

High-molecular-weight glutenins play an important role in providing high baking qualities of bread wheat grain. However, breeding bread wheat for this trait is very laborious and, therefore, the genotyping of variety samples according to the allelic composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin genes is of great interest. The aim of the study was to determine the composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits based on the identification of the allelic composition of the Glu-1 genes, as well as to identify the frequency of the Glu-1 alleles in bread wheat cultivars that are in breeding work under the conditions of the Pre-Ural steppe zone (PSZ). We analyzed 26 winter and 22 spring bread wheat varieties from the PSZ and 27 winter and 20 spring varieties from the VIR collection. Genotyping at the Glu-A1 locus showed that the Ax1 subunits are most common in winter varieties, while the predominance of the Ax2* subunits was typical of spring varieties and lines. In the Glu-B1 locus, the predominance of alleles associated with the production of the Bx7 and By9 subunits was revealed for both winter and spring varieties. In the case of the Glu-D1 gene, for all the wheat groups studied, the composition of the Dx5+Dy10 subunits was the most common: in 92.3 % of winter and 68.2 % of spring PSZ accessions and in 80 % of winter and 55 % of spring VIR accessions. The analysis of genotypes showed the presence of 13 different allelic combinations of the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 genes in the PSZ varieties, and 19 combinations in the VIR varieties. The b b/al/с d allelic combination (Ax2* Вх7+Ву8/8*/9 Dx5+Dy10) turned out to be the most common for the PSZ spring varieties and lines, while for the PSZ winter accessions it was a с d (Ax1 Вх7+By9 Dx5+Dy10); the b с a and b с d genotypes (Ax2* Вх7+Ву9 Dx2+Dy12 and Ax2* Вх7+Ву9 Dx5+Dy10, respectively) occur with equal frequency among the VIR spring accessions; in the group of VIR winter varieties, the combination of the a b/ al d alleles (Ax1 Вх7+Ву8/8* Dx5+Dy10) prevails. The most preferred combination of alleles for baking qualities was found in the spring variety 'Ekaterina' and winter varieties 'Tarasovskaya 97', 'Volzhskaya S3', as well as in lines k-58164, L43510, L43709, L-67, L-83, which are recommended for further breeding programs to improve and preserve baking qualities in the conditions of the Pre-Ural steppe zone.

Third harmonic injection control for co‐phase traction power supply system using direct AC/AC full‐bridge modular multilevel converter

AbstractAs the full‐bridge modular multilevel converter (FB‐MMC) enables direct three‐phase AC voltage to single‐phase AC voltage conversion with good power quality and high voltage level, it is suitable for the co‐phase traction power supply system. However, voltage deviation occurs between arms when the direct AC/AC FB‐MMC operates in equal or similar frequency conditions. To solve this problem, a voltage balancing control based on third harmonic injection of co‐phase power supply system using direct AC/AC FB‐MMC is proposed. With the third harmonic injection, voltage balancing between arms is ensured and the capacity of FB‐MMC is enhanced. The third harmonic voltage is directly obtained from existing signals and the third harmonic current reference is produced by simple proportional‐integral (PI) controller. The effect of the third harmonic currents under different voltage ratios and phase difference is quantitatively analyzed, optimized range of voltage ratio and phase difference are obtained to minimize arm currents increment and reduce overrating of converter currents. In addition, a comparison between the proposed and the conventional control scheme is studied, showing the superior of proposed method in cost and performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by simulations and experiments.

Role of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa as Ayurvedic Management in EK-Kushtha with special reference to Plaque Psoriasis

In Ayurveda literatures, this disease is called Kushtha because it deforms the body (1). All types of skin diseases are considered under title Kushtharoga and are further divided into Mahakushtha and Kshudra kushtha. When one consumes etiological factors mentioned in Samhitas, Tridosha (Vata, Pitta &amp; Kapha) gets vitiated and contaminates Skin-Twak, Blood-Rakta, Muscle-Mamsa and Lymph-Lasika - which causes Kushtha (2). Ek-kushtha is a type of Kshudra Kushtha which has dominance of vitiated Vata and Pitta Dosha (3). Plaque Psoriasis is a long-lasting, noncontagious autoimmune disease. The disease affects 2-4% of the population. Both Men and Women are affected with equal frequency. It may begin at any age, but typically starts in adulthood (4). Plaque Psoriasis can be correlated with Ek-Kushtha and has similar symptoms such as Aswedanam indicates absence of perspiration, Mahavastum means aggressively spreading lesions invading whole body, Matsya- shakalopam explains the scaly nature and hyperkeratinisation, which is occurring in the epidermis and scaling resembling scales of fish (5). The treatment options available in contemporary system of medicine are not much satisfactory hence this study has been proposed to evaluate role of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa as Ayurvedic management states in Ek-Kushtha with Special Reference to Plaque Psoriasis.&#x0D;

Searching for Novel Biomarkers in Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Hippo Pathway Components in a Cohort of Thymic Epithelial Tumors.

Given the pivotal role of the Hippo pathway in different facets of tumorigenesis, which has been vigorously established in multiple heterogenous malignancies, we attempted to evaluate its potential utility as a prognostic-predictive biomarker in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). For this purpose, we performed a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of four Hippo cascade components (YAP, TAZ, TEAD4 and LATS1) in a sizeable cohort of TETs and attempted to identify possible correlations of their H-score with various clinicopathological parameters. TAZ and TEAD4 displayed both cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity in almost equal frequency, with their cytoplasmic H-score being strongly associated with more aggressive high-grade tumors (type B3, thymic carcinoma) and more advanced pathological stages. On the other hand, a primarily nuclear staining pattern was encountered in both YAP and LATS1, with the YAP nuclear H-score being higher in more indolent (type A) and earlier stage tumors. Interestingly, none of the four examined factors displayed any statistically significant correlation with patient overall (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). In summary, our results provide some initial insight into the expression profile of these core Hippo pathway components in thymic neoplasms and point towards some clear associations with tumor characteristics, which are of paramount translational-clinical research with profound implications in therapeutic targeting of this pathway in the context of precision medicine.

The Impact of Gender and Age in Obese Patients on Sternal Instability and Deep-Sternal-Wound-Healing Disorders after Median Sternotomy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and sex in regard to the development of deep sternal wound infections and sternal instability following median sternotomy. A propensity-score-matching analysis was conducted on 4505 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2009 and 2021, all of whom had a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2. A total of 1297 matched pairs were determined in the sex group, and 1449 matched pairs we determined in the age group. The distributions of sex, age, diabetes mellitus, delirium, unstable sterna, wire refixation, wire removal, superficial vacuum-assisted wound closure, deep vacuum-assisted wound closure, clamp time, bypass time, logistic EuroSCORE, and BMI were determined. The 30-day in-hospital mortality was found to be similar in the older and younger groups (8.149% vs. 8.35%, p = 0.947), and diabetes mellitus was also equally distributed in both groups. However, postoperative delirium occurred significantly more often in the older group (29.81% vs. 17.46%, p < 0.001), and there was a significantly higher incidence in men compared with women (16.96% vs. 26.91%, p < 0.001). There were no differences found in the incidence of sternum instability, fractured sternum, superficial vacuum-assisted wound closure, and deep vacuum-assisted wound closure between the age and sex groups. In conclusion, this study found that sternal instability and deep-wound-healing problems occur with equal frequency in older and younger patients and in men and women following median sternotomy. However, the likelihood of postoperative delirium is significantly higher in older patients and in men. These findings suggest that a higher level of monitoring and care may be required for these high-risk patient groups to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium and improve outcomes following median sternotomy.

Prediction of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence by using discretization supports the critical contribution of the extra-cellular matrix genes

Due to its complexity, much effort has been devoted to the development of biomarkers for prostate cancer that have acquired the utmost clinical relevance for diagnosis and grading. However, all of these advances are limited due to the relatively large percentage of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and the limited strategies for follow up. This work proposes a methodology that uses discretization to predict prostate cancer BCR while optimizing the necessary variables. We used discretization of RNA-seq data to increase the prediction of biochemical recurrence and retrieve a subset of ten genes functionally known to be related to the tissue structure. Equal width and equal frequency data discretization methods were compared to isolate the contribution of the genes and their interval of action, simultaneously. Adding a robust clinical biomarker such as prostate specific antigen (PSA) improved the prediction of BCR. Discretization allowed classifying the cancer patients with an accuracy of 82% on testing datasets, and 75% on a validation dataset when a five-bin discretization by equal width was used. After data pre-processing, feature selection and classification, our predictions had a precision of 71% (testing dataset: MSKCC and GSE54460) and 69% (Validation dataset: GSE70769) should the patients present BCR up to 24 months after their final treatment. These results emphasize the use of equal width discretization as a pre-processing step to improve classification for a limited number of genes in the signature. Functionally, many of these genes have a direct or expected role in tissue structure and extracellular matrix organization. The processing steps presented in this study are also applicable to other cancer types to increase the speed and accuracy of the models in diverse datasets.

LGG-20. LANDSCAPE OF FGFR ALTERATIONS IN PEDIATRIC AND AYA GLIOMAS

Abstract FGFR alterations including single nucleotide variants (SNV) and rearrangements represent common oncogenic alterations found in pediatric low-grade gliomas. From a population-based cohort of over 1800 pediatric and AYA (adolescent and young adult) gliomas, FGFR mutations were found in 6% of pediatric low-grade gliomas (LGG) and 16 % of IDH-WT AYA gliomas. Given the frequency of FGFR driver alterations, we assembled a large cohort of 370 FGFR mutated glioma across all ages (6 months to 87 years) 53% of which were LGG. In the pediatric patients, most (87%) of FGFR altered gliomas were low-grade; while in AYA patients only 67%. Fusions were more frequent in pediatric LGG (60%), while SNVs were more common in AYA LGG (57%). The rearranged genes also differed; pediatric LGG: 26% FGFR1 ITD, 20% FGFR1 fusions, 15% FGFR2 fusions. AYA LGG had equal frequency of FGFR1 and FGFR2 fusions (30%). In adults, high grade gliomas were more common (73%), and frequently had additional oncogenic drivers. In general, additional oncogenic drivers were more common with increasing age and grade. In contrast to pediatric and AYA LGG, FGFR3-TACC3 fusions represented 40% of adult cases. Interestingly, this fusion was also found in 10% of FGFR LGGs overall. Although analysis of clinical outcomes are still ongoing, in our preliminary data 18 patients with FGFR altered low grade gliomas were treated with targeted agents; 3 stopped due to toxicity and were not evaluated for response. From patients on MAPKi 1/6 had a minor response and 3/6 stable disease; while 6/9 on FGFRi had partial or minor responses with additional 3 patients recently initiated on the drug. FGFR alterations are frequently encountered in AYA and pediatric population, molecular characterization is important in guiding prognosis and therapy. Although encouraging, further studies are needed to assess the benefit of FGFR inhibition in these patients.

Characterization of Transplant Center Decisions to Allocate Kidneys to Candidates With Lower Waiting List Priority

Allocation of deceased donor kidneys is meant to follow a ranked match-run list of eligible candidates, but transplant centers with a 1-to-1 relationship with their local organ procurement organization have full discretion to decline offers for higher-priority candidates and accept them for lower-ranked candidates at their center. To describe the practice and frequency of transplant centers placing deceased donor kidneys with candidates who are not the highest rank at their center according to the allocation algorithm. This retrospective cohort study used 2015 to 2019 organ offer data from US transplant centers with a 1-to-1 relationship with their local organ procurement organization, following candidates for transplant events from January 2015 to December 2019. Participants were deceased kidney donors with a single match-run and at least 1 kidney transplanted locally and adult, first-time, kidney-only transplant candidates receiving at least 1 offer for a locally transplanted deceased donor kidney. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2022 to March 28, 2023. Demographic and clinical characteristics of donors and recipients. The outcome of interest was kidney transplantation into the highest-priority candidate (defined as transplanted after zero declines for local candidates in the match-run) vs a lower-ranked candidate. This study assessed 26 579 organ offers from 3136 donors (median [IQR] age, 38 [25-51] years; 2903 [62%] men) to 4668 recipients. Transplant centers skipped their highest-ranked candidate to place kidneys further down the match-run for 3169 kidneys (68%). These kidneys went to a median (IQR) of the fourth- (third- to eighth-) ranked candidate. Higher kidney donor profile index (KDPI; higher score indicates lower quality) kidneys were less likely to go to the highest-ranked candidate, with 24% of kidneys with KDPI of at least 85% going to the top-ranked candidate vs 44% of KDPI 0% to 20% kidneys. When comparing estimated posttransplant survival (EPTS) scores between the skipped candidates and the ultimate recipients, kidneys were placed with recipients with both better and worse EPTS than the skipped candidates, across all KDPI risk groups. In this cohort study of local kidney allocation at isolated transplant centers, we found that centers frequently skipped their highest-priority candidates to place kidneys further down the allocation prioritization list, often citing organ quality concerns but placing kidneys with recipients with both better and worse EPTS with nearly equal frequency. This occurred with limited transparency and highlights the opportunity to improve the matching and offer algorithm to improve allocation efficiency.

ЭТИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНАФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО ШОКА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ, ГОСПИТАЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ В КЛИНИКУ ЭКСТРЕННОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ

Introduction. Anaphylaxis is a severe generalized hypersensitivity reaction affecting more than one organ system that can start very quickly and symptoms can be severe or life-threatening. The profile of triggers and cofactors for anaphylaxis is age dependent and varies across geographies. The clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis are diverse, one of its most severe clinical phenotypes is anaphylactic shock. Aim. To assess the significance of various groups of triggers, cofactors and clinical features of anaphylactic shock in patients hospitalized in the Department of Allergology and Immunology of the Kazan City Clinical Hospital No. 7. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 107 medical records of inpatients hospitalized in the Department of Allergology and Immunology of City Clinical Hospital No. 7 with a diagnosis of anaphylactic shock (T78.0, T78.2, T80.5, T88.6) was carried out for three calendar years (from 01.01.2018 to 31.12.2020). Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (v.18.0). Results and discussion. It has been shown that medicines were the most common trigger for anaphylactic shock in hospitalized patients, while food and insect bites led to the development of shock much less frequently and with approximately the same frequency. The vast majority of patients did not have concomitant diseases, and also did not take concomitant therapy, which are risk factors for the severe course of anaphylaxis. Skin changes were the most frequent symptom, supplementing the clinic of anaphylactic shock, followed, approximately with equal frequency, by gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, neurological symptoms were most rarely recorded. Conclusion. To verify the trigger as the cause of anaphylactic shock, it is necessary to conduct an allergological examination after the resolution of its symptoms. To assess the influence of exogenous and endogenous cofactors on the occurrence of anaphylaxis and the severity of its course, it is necessary to conduct prospective studies.

Analysis of genetic variants related to oxidative stress in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the common neurodegenerative diseases with an incompletely understood pathomechanism. In AD, generation of oxidative stress is observed as a result of dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The effect of this disturbance is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The SOD2 gene is involved in the elimination of ROS. Glutathione S‐transferases (GST) are a group of enzymes with antioxidant properties that protect cells from ROS damage. GSTP1 gene variants may impair the activity of these enzymes. APOE gene, is also related to the regulation of oxidative stress. In AD patients with APOE E4, higher levels of lipid peroxidation are found. The precise nature of the association between oxidative stress and hallmarks of AD pathology is unknown.The aim of the study was to analyze of genetic variants of SOD2 c.47T&gt;C (exon 2) and GSTP1 c.341C&gt;T (exon 6) genes in AD patients, control subjects related to AD cases (CR), and controls subjects without family history of AD (CU). The APOE E4 allele was included in the studies.MethodThe studies were conducted on 156 individuals (AD and controls). The APOE genotype was determined by real‐time PCR. The SOD2 and GSTP1 genetic variants were determined by HRM and sequencing. The apoE concentration was determined by the ELISA method.ResultVariant CC c.47T&gt;C SOD2 was more frequent in CR, while CT in CU. The TT variant of this gene tended to occur more frequently in patients with AD. In AD, the TT variant was more common in the subject without E4 allele (p&lt;0.05). The CC and CT variants of the c.341C&gt;T GSTP1 gene occurred with equal frequency in AD and CR. The TT variant of this gene was not found in the examined subjects. Regardless of the genetic variant of APOE, SOD2, GSTP1, a significantly higher level of apoE was found in CR.ConclusionGenes involved in the regulation of oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.

ВРОЖДЕННЫЙ ИХТИОЗ (КОЛЛОДИЙНЫЙ ПЛОД) (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

Intensive research is currently underway on the treatment of congenital ichthyosis in newborns. The paper describes a case of lamellar congenital ichthyosis, manifested by the state of a "colloidal" fetus. Congenital ichthyosis is a serious disease in which the process manifests itself at the time of birth. At the same time, the skin of the child is covered with a thin, dry, yellowish-brown layer resembling a colloid; ectropion and eclabium are often noted. After some time, cracks appear, often deep, the film turns into large scales, a clinical picture of congenital ichthyosis is formed. Lamellar ichthyosis (LI) belongs to the group of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis of the skin and is caused by a significant impairment of the skin barrier function due to the inability of differentiated keratinocytes to synthesize and/or secrete lipids necessary for the formation of corneocytes and the extracellular matrix of the stratum corneum. For the first time the disease was described by E. Seligman (1841) under the name "lamellar desquamation of newborns". The term "lamellar ichthyosis" was proposed by L. Gross and L. Torok (1895). The disease is genetically heterogeneous, occurs with a frequency of 1:300,000 of the population, more often in closely related marriages. They are affected with equal frequency by males and females. The described clinical case vividly illustrates the features of the course of congenital ichthyosis, the effectiveness of timely therapy using modern skin care products in a short time without the use of hormonal drugs.

Broadband subwavelength imaging of flexural elastic waves in flat phononic crystal lenses

Subwavelength imaging of elastic/acoustic waves using phononic crystals (PCs) is limited to a narrow frequency range via the two existing mechanisms that utilize either the intense Bragg scattering in the first phonon band or negative effective properties (left-handed material) in the second (or higher) phonon band. In the first phonon band, the imaging phenomenon can only exist at frequencies closer to the first Bragg band gap where the equal frequency contours (EFCs) are convex. Whereas, for the left-handed materials, the subwavelength imaging is restricted to a narrow frequency region where wave vectors in PC and background material are close to each other, which is essential for single-point image formation. In this work, we propose a PC lens for broadband subwavelength imaging of flexural waves in plates exploiting the second phonon band and the anisotropy of a PC lattice for the first time. Using a square lattice design with square-shaped EFCs, we enable the group velocity vector to always be perpendicular to the lens interface irrespective of the frequency and incidence angle; thus, resulting in a broadband imaging capability. We numerically and experimentally demonstrate subwavelength imaging using this concept over a significantly broadband frequency range.

Sex Differences at Presentation in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (P6-13.003)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To compare clinical and demographic characteristics of iRBD at diagnosis in men and women. <h3>Background:</h3> Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is male-predominant in older adults, yet has approximately equal frequency between women and men in younger adults. Data concerning clinical and demographic characteristics in women with iRBD remain limited. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We identified 130 women with PSG confirmed iRBD and matched them with 132 PSG-confirmed iRBD men who underwent PSG within 1 month of their female counterparts. Chart review was performed to extract relevant clinical and demographic information. Group comparisons were made with t-tests and chi square analyses. <h3>Results:</h3> Age at RBD symptom onset (50.4 ± 20.0 vs. 55.4 ±16.9 years, p=0.03) and diagnosis (56.4 ±16.7 vs. 62.5 ± 13.3 years, p&lt;0.01) was younger in women than in men. RBD-related injury frequency was similar between groups. Antidepressant use prior to RBD diagnosis (80.8% vs 53.0%, p&lt;0.01), psychiatric comorbidities (79.8% vs. 50.8%, p&lt;0.01) and chronic pain syndromes (39.2% vs. 17.4%, p&lt;0.01) were more frequent in women than men. Women also had more frequent comorbid insomnia (31.5% vs. 18.2%, p= 0.01), hypersomnia (50.8% vs 37.9%, p=0.04) and trended toward more frequent overlap parasomnia disorder (13.8% vs 9.8%, p=0.06) while obstructive sleep apnea (43.1% vs. 70.5%, p &lt; 0.01.) and vascular disease (62.3% vs 83.3%, p&lt;0.01) were more common in men. There were no differences in systemic autoimmune disease between sexes. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Women with iRBD are younger at symptom onset and diagnosis, more likely to have psychiatric comorbidities and antidepressant use, and differ in profiles of comorbid sleep disturbances and medical comorbidities than men with iRBD. Awareness of key differences between the sexes in iRBD provides insight into possible etiologic factors and will enable clinicians to accurately diagnose iRBD and provide individualized recommendations. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Alexandres has nothing to disclose. Dr. McCarter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tabatabai has nothing to disclose. Mr. Feemster has nothing to disclose. Mr. Gossard has nothing to disclose. Paul Timm has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sandness has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Carvalho has received research support from NIH. Mr. Jagielski has nothing to disclose. Emma Strainis has nothing to disclose. Laurene Leclair-Visonneau has nothing to disclose. Dr. Junna has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tippmann-Peikert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boeve has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an officer or member of the Board of Directors for Rainwater Charitable Foundation. The institution of Dr. Boeve has received research support from Alector. The institution of Dr. Boeve has received research support from GE Healthcare. The institution of Dr. Boeve has received research support from Transposon. The institution of Dr. Boeve has received research support from Cognition Therapeutics. Dr. Boeve has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Lipford has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moore has nothing to disclose. Dr. St. Louis has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. St. Louis has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Silber has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Silber has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Topic writer with UpToDate.

An Equal Precision Programmed Cymometer Design Using Low-Power Technique

Based on equal precision frequency measurement and pulse counting technique, a multi-period synchronous frequency measurement method is proposed in this paper. A programmed cymometer is designed with a full frequency band with equal precision measurement and improved measurement accuracy. In addition to adopting a low-power gate-control clock technique, the strong stability of our design is also carried out through the filtering of interference signals. Finally, the designed circuit is implemented with FPGA. The experimental results show that the static power consumption of the programmable frequency meter testing platform designed after continuous operation for 100 h is only 0.56 W, and the input impedance is 1 M Ω/40 pF. At the same time, the errors of frequency, cycle measurement, duty cycle measurement, and time interval are within a reasonable range. In addition, the measurement accuracy requirements for various indicators can also be met at a maximum frequency of 100 MHz. Therefore, this work can provide a feasible design method for low-power consumption electrical systems that are easy to replicate.