ЭТИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНАФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО ШОКА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ, ГОСПИТАЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ В КЛИНИКУ ЭКСТРЕННОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ

Abstract

Introduction. Anaphylaxis is a severe generalized hypersensitivity reaction affecting more than one organ system that can start very quickly and symptoms can be severe or life-threatening. The profile of triggers and cofactors for anaphylaxis is age dependent and varies across geographies. The clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis are diverse, one of its most severe clinical phenotypes is anaphylactic shock. Aim. To assess the significance of various groups of triggers, cofactors and clinical features of anaphylactic shock in patients hospitalized in the Department of Allergology and Immunology of the Kazan City Clinical Hospital No. 7. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 107 medical records of inpatients hospitalized in the Department of Allergology and Immunology of City Clinical Hospital No. 7 with a diagnosis of anaphylactic shock (T78.0, T78.2, T80.5, T88.6) was carried out for three calendar years (from 01.01.2018 to 31.12.2020). Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (v.18.0). Results and discussion. It has been shown that medicines were the most common trigger for anaphylactic shock in hospitalized patients, while food and insect bites led to the development of shock much less frequently and with approximately the same frequency. The vast majority of patients did not have concomitant diseases, and also did not take concomitant therapy, which are risk factors for the severe course of anaphylaxis. Skin changes were the most frequent symptom, supplementing the clinic of anaphylactic shock, followed, approximately with equal frequency, by gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, neurological symptoms were most rarely recorded. Conclusion. To verify the trigger as the cause of anaphylactic shock, it is necessary to conduct an allergological examination after the resolution of its symptoms. To assess the influence of exogenous and endogenous cofactors on the occurrence of anaphylaxis and the severity of its course, it is necessary to conduct prospective studies.