Epidemiological Indicators Research Articles

National and subnational burden of brain and central nervous system cancers in Iran, 1990-2019: Results from the global burden of disease study 2019.

Central nervous system cancers (CNS cancers) impose a significant burden upon healthcare systems worldwide. Currently, the lack of a comprehensive study to assess various epidemiological indexes of CNS cancers on national and subnational scales in Iran can hamper healthcare planning and resource allocation in this regard. This study aims to fill this gap by providing estimates of CNS cancer epidemiological measures on national and subnational levels in Iran from 1990 to 2019. This study is a part of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 that contains epidemiological measures including prevalence, incidence, mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) of CNS cancers. Age standardization was utilized for comparing different provinces. In 2019, 5811 (95% Uncertainty Interval: 2942-7046) national new cases and 3494 (1751-4173) deaths due to CNS cancers were reported. National age-standardized incidence (ASIR), deaths (ASDR), and DALYs rates were 7.3 (3.7-8.8), 4.6 (2.3-5.5), and 156.4 (82.0-187.0) per 100,000 in 2019, respectively. Subnational results revealed that ASDR and ASIR have increased in the past 30 years in all provinces. Although incidence rates have increased in all age groups and genders since 1990, death rates have remained the same for most age groups and genders except for young patients aged under 15, where a decrease in mortality and YLLs can be observed. The incidence, deaths, and DALYs of CNS cancers increased at national and subnational levels. These findings should be considered for planning and resource allocation.

Propedeutics and Problems of Internal Diseases.

Internal diseases pose a significant public health concern due to their prevalence and impact on premature mortality and disability. This study investigates the role of internal diseases in the morbidity structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan's population, focusing on the period from 2019 to 2021. The primary objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and dynamics of internal diseases among the adult population of the Republic of Kazakhstan during 2019-2021. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of medical records from healthcare facilities across the Republic of Kazakhstan for the years 2019 to 2021. The study focused on diseases of the cardiovascular system, endocrine system, metabolic disorders, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary system. Epidemiological indicators, including prevalence rates and morbidity, were calculated for each disease category using official population data for the same period. Our findings indicate a noteworthy increase in the prevalence rates of internal diseases among the adult population of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2021. Diseases of the cardiovascular system were the most prevalent, with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease being particularly pressing concerns. Diabetes mellitus and thyroid abnormalities were the most common endocrine organ diseases. Among respiratory diseases, bronchitis had the highest prevalence, followed by tracheitis, bronchial asthma, and pneumonia. Additionally, the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract diseases increased by 3% over two years. This study underscores the urgent need for effective prevention and management of internal diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The increasing prevalence rates across all leading categories of diseases highlight significant public health concerns.

Modelling the transmission and control of COVID-19 in Yangzhou city with the implementation of Zero-COVID policy.

In the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, China has long adhered to the "Dynamic Zero COVID-19" strategy till the end of 2022. To understand the mechanism of this strategy, we used the case of the Yangzhou summer outbreak in 2021 and a multi-stage dynamical model incorporating city-wide and key area testing-trace-isolation (TTI) strategies. We defined two time-varying indexes for measuring the disease transmission risk and the public health prevention and control force, respectively, which allowed us to explore the mechanisms of TTI policies. Integrating with the historical data and literature parameter values, we first estimated the parameters and then quantified the relevant indexes over time. The findings showed that multiple rounds of rapid testing were one of the critical measures to overcome the outbreak in Yangzhou within one month. In addition, we compared the impact of the duration of the free transmission stage, tracking rate, testing interval and precise division of key areas on the epidemiological indicators, including the final sizes of infections and isolations, peak value, peak arrival time and epidemic duration and the minimum round of testing. Our results suggest that the early detection of the epidemic, an improved efficiency of tracking, and a reduced duration of each test play a positive role in restraining COVID-19; however, a considerable investment of resources was essential to achieve a significant effect quickly.

Evaluating Travel Behavior Resilience across Urban and Rural Areas during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Contributions of Vaccination and Epidemiological Indicators

Evaluating Travel Behavior Resilience across Urban and Rural Areas during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Contributions of Vaccination and Epidemiological Indicators

Сost-effectiveness of pentavalent rotavirus vaccination in the Russian Federation

One of the main causes of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age is rotavirus infection (RVI). Vaccines against RVI significantly reduce the incidence. Aim. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of mass vaccination of children with a 5-valent RVI vaccine in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The assessment was carried out using modeling based on published data on the effectiveness of the vaccine and epidemiological indicators in the Russian Federation. The analysis was carried out from the perspective of the health care system and society as a whole with a 5-year horizon. The cost of RVI therapy corresponded to the compulsory health insurance tariffs for St. Petersburg for 2022, the price of 1 dose of the vaccine was the registered price, including VAT. Costs and life expectancy, taking into account quality, were discounted at 3.5 % per year. Results. Given the assumptions made, routine vaccination will prevent an average of 468,637 cases of RVI over 5 years. Avoided direct medical costs, i. e. RVI treatment costs will amount to 53,4 %, and lost income due to temporary disability – 46,6 % of the total avoided costs. At the same time, the volume of avoided costs is 61,4 % due to a decrease in morbidity in the vaccinated population, and 38.6 % due to the development of a indirect effect. The predicted avoided costs per 1 vaccinated person is 2,975 thousand rubles. From a societal perspective, the cost-effectiveness of the Rota-V-Aid vaccine will be 364,813 thousand rubles / QALY (quality-adjusted life year), and from a healthcare perspective – 1726,399 thousand rubles / QALY. Thus, in both cases, the cost-effectiveness of RVI vaccination will not exceed the generally accepted threshold of willingness to pay, equal to three times the gross domestic product per capita in the Russian Federation (according to data for 2021 – ~2,7 million rubles). The predicted cost-effectiveness of selective vaccination is significantly lower than that of mass vaccination. Conclusions. Mass vaccination of children with a 5-valent vaccine against RVI will not only reduce the incidence in the Russian Federation, but, taking into account the assumptions made, can also be considered as a cost-effective intervention.

ENSINO DAS INFECÇÕES SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSÍVEIS INCURÁVEIS PARA ESTUDANTES DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM: REVISÃO DE ESCOPO

ABSTRACT Objective: to group and synthesize the studies that address the teaching of Incurable Sexually Transmitted Infections for undergraduate Nursing students in the world (1989-2020). Method: a scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search strategy was carried out in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and LILACS. Two reviewers selected and extracted the data independently. Results: after searching and removing duplicates, 41 studies met the established criteria and were included. Content analysis resulted in three categories: Teaching Scenarios and Strategies; Teaching Focus; and Teaching Effectiveness. Final considerations: the educational actions were effective in increasing knowledge, reducing stigma and anxiety, and increasing sensitivity in promoting Nursing care. Teaching this theme is important in the profession’s work on epidemiological indices and in the training of Nursing students for prevention and promotion in health.

Casos e mortes evitáveis de COVID-19 por políticas de vacinação alternativas e intervenções não farmacológicas no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: This work aimed to estimate the avoidable COVID-19 cases and deaths with the anticipation of vaccination, additional doses, and effective non-pharmacological interventions in Brazil. Methods: We developed a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-susceptible model based on epidemiological indicators of morbidity and mortality derived from data obtained from the Health Information System of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. The number of cases and deaths was estimated for different scenarios of vaccination programs and non-pharmacological interventions in the states of Brazil (from March 8, 2020, to June 5, 2022). Results: The model-based estimate showed that 40 days of vaccination anticipation, additional vaccine doses, and a higher level the nonpharmacological interventions would reduce and delay the pandemic peak. The country would have 17,121,749 fewer COVID-19 cases and 391,647 avoidable deaths Conclusion: The results suggest that if 80% of the Brazilian population had been vaccinated by May 2021, 59.83% of deaths would have been avoided in Brazil.

ВОЗРАСТ-АССОЦИИРОВАННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРИ SARS-COV-2-ИНФЕКЦИИ У КОМОРБИДНЫХ БОЛЬНЫХ, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ, ПРИРАВНЕННОЙ К КРАЙНЕМУ СЕВЕРУ. КЛИНИКО-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ

Abstract. The study aims to analyze the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and age-associated therapeutic comor-bidities in groups of elderly patients in order to detect their interrelation and determine the diagnosis. Based on the data obtained from domestic and foreign literature on redictors of SARS-CoV-2 severity, indications for in-patient treatment, textbooks on resuscitation, outcomes, and age-associated and comorbid factors of its course, the authors examined clinical and epidemiological indicators of 22,628 patients with acute stages of moderate, severe, and extremely severe course of SARS-CoV-2, including 772 patients with long COVID, who underwent treatment in post-COVID hospital from 2020 to 2022. The study shows that during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many residents of the region required hospitalization as well as admission to intensive care departments. In addition to that, elderly patients, especially those with metabolically associated pathology, form a group of patients with a high risk of a severe course of the disease, which worsens the patient’s state in accordance with the complications’ development. Thus, these patients required a special approach to the algorithm of treatment and diagnosis with an analysis of all clinical and epidemiological gerontological aspects of novel infection and the relation between the course and the outcome of the disease in patients with comorbidities.

Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiological approaches to inform COVID-19 surveillance and control: a systematic review of statistical and modelling methods in Africa

ObjectiveVarious studies have been published to better understand the underlying spatial and temporal dynamics of COVID-19. This review sought to identify different spatial and spatio-temporal modelling methods that have been...

GRANULOMATOSIS IN TUBERCULOSIS PRACTICE

The article deals with conceptual issues and analysis of the problem of differential diagnosis of various granulomatosis depending on the etiological factor of granuloma, their prevalence in the practice of a phthisiologist, provides an overview of the literature data and own experience of differential diagnosis. The aim of the study. Study of the structure of various granulomatoses in an antituberculous institution based on the analysis of data registered in the Moscow city phthisiological institution. Materials and methods. It is based on data on the detection and observation of sarcoidosis, disseminated tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis, pneumonitis, vasculitis for decades on the basis of the head city joint phthisiological institution of Moscow GBUZ «Moscow City Scientific and Practical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Department of Health of the City of Moscow». Results. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, the causative agent of which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) causes an immune response with the formation of granulomatous inflammation. Granulomatous inflammation is a complex, cell–mediated immune response, the development of which requires the presence of a persistent antigen in macrophages. MBT is the most common, but not the only such antigen. Epithelioid cell granulomas develop in tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, mycobacteriosis, vasculitis, mycoses, pneumoconiosis, alveolitis and in some cases are identical in all diseases, with the same mechanism of transformation of macrophages into epithelioid cells and Pirogov–Langhans cells and the mechanism of granuloma formation. Depending on the etiological factor, granulomas may have certain structural features and involutions that can only be identified by examining a sufficient amount of morphological material. In this regard, in practice, the diagnosis of granulomatosis is traditionally a difficult task. One of the most important competitors of tuberculosis, as granulomatosis, is sarcoidosis. The results of unofficial statistics of sarcoidosis in Moscow for 1961-2019 on the frequency and structure of clinical forms, course variants, and outcomes considered, the incidence in representative samples by year and the prevalence of sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs in the metropolis are determined. The analysis of epidemiological indicators on disseminated tuberculosis in Moscow for 2012-2019 presented. Among various groups of the population. The spectrum of the main types of granulomatoses, other than tuberculosis, dropped out of phthisiological clinics in 2010-2020 has been determined.

АНАЛИЗ ВЕДУЩИХ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА СРЕДИ ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СЕВЕРНОГО РЕГИОНА

The study aims to analyze epidemiological situation for diabetes mellitus, with its complications and outcomes, in the adult population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra by January 1, 2022. The analysis is conducted on the basis of the regional component of the Federal Register using diabetes mellitus data for 2021. It is determined that leading epidemiological indicators of diabetes mellitus in the region correspond to global and Russian trends and pace. Diabetic polyneuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy are leading microangiopathic complications in diabetes mellitus. Monitoring of leading clinical and demographical indicators of diabetes mellitus allows for optimization and planning of medical care for the region’s population, decision-making in primary and secondary preventive care of diabetes mellitus, patient logistics and routing, and advancing of screening and early diagnosis approaches.

Вирусный гепатит С в эпоху элиминации: выбор терапевтических схем с учетом фармакоэкономики на примере Ленинградской области

Objective. To characterize the dynamics of the epidemic situation of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in the Leningrad region (LR) for the period 2015–2022 and establish the most promising for therapy in LR schemes. Materials and methods. The data of Form No 2, the Federal Register of Patients with viral hepatitis, the Reference Center for Monitoring Viral Hepatitis, the chief freelance specialist in infectious diseases of the LO were used. To assess the effectiveness of various tactics of HCV therapy, the method of pharmacoeconomical analysis – "cost-effectiveness" was used. As a criterion for evaluating the economic effectiveness of therapy, the cost of one cured patient was shown, calculated according to the formula: the cost of one cured patient = the cost of the course / the effectiveness of the regimen. Results. Based on the cost-effectiveness analysis, it was revealed that in patients with HCV genotype 3, it is advisable to use pangenotype schemes, and patients with HCV Gt1b can be effectively treated with genotype-specific combinations. Stable positive dynamics in the main epidemiological indicators (morbidity, mortality, cumulative number, coverage of therapy) HCV is not traceable in the LO. Following the draft passport of the strategy to combat HCV and based on the cumulative number of patients in the LO, by 2025 It is necessary to cover more than 4,000 people with therapy, primarily about 1,700 patients with a late stage of the disease (F3–F4). In the LO, persons with the 3 genotype of the virus (48%), requiring the use of pangenotype regimens and with the 1b genotype (41%), who are able to be treated with genotype-specific schemes, predominate. Conclusion. In order to achieve the goal of elimination in the LO, it is necessary to increase screening. To improve the quality of examination of patients with HCV (PCR, genotyping, elastometry, etc.), it is necessary to develop and implement an outpatient diagnostic tariff of Mandatory Medical Insurance. Key words: Leningrad region, chronic hepatitis C, direct antiviral drugs, pangenotypic schemes, genotype-specific schemes, pharmacoeconomical analysis

Germina: herramienta para la detección automática de agrupaciones de casos de COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic showed that epidemiological surveillance was under-resourced to respond to increases in cases and outbreaks. The high community transmissibility among the school population in the city of Barcelona at the beginning of the sixth wave strained the local COVID-19 surveillance unit. Using SCRUM methodology, Germina was developed and implemented as a software tool capable of capturing, harmonizing, integrating, storing, analysing and visualizing data from multiple information sources on a daily basis. Germina identifies clusters of three or more school cases and calculates epidemiological indicators. The implementation of Germina facilitated the epidemiological response to the sixth wave of COVID-19 in the school setting in the city of Barcelona. This tool is transferable to other exposure settings and communicable diseases. The use of automated informatics tools such, as Germina, improves epidemiological surveillance systems and supports evidence-based decision making.

CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN FOR THE PERIOD 2020-2022.

The aim: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children for the period 2020-2022. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 1144 case histories of children who were hospitalized at the St. Zinaida Children's Clinical Hospital (Sumy, Ukraine) for coronavirus disease for 2020-2022 was carried out. The observed patients were divided into 3 groups corresponding to the 3 waves of the pandemic: group 1 - 120 children, group 2 - 311 children, and group 3 - 713. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was established based on clinical, medical histories, laboratory and instrumental data. The etiology of coronavirus disease was determined based on the detection of antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 virus using PCR reverse transcription of a nasopharyngeal swab. Results: An analysis of the clinical and epidemiological indicators of children who were treated for COVID-19 during 2020-2022 was conducted, depending on the outbreak of the pandemic. The frequency of lesions in children of different age groups was determined, and the main clinical symptoms and the frequency of complications in the form of pneumonia during different waves of COVID-19 were determined. Conclusions: The incidence of coronavirus infection was mainly observed in children of the younger group (0-5 years). A more severe course of the disease and a higher frequency of complications in the form of pneumonia in children were determined during the 3rd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Epidemiological indicators of Chagas disease in the metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomines. Historical information from the 20th century demonstrates T. cruzi records in the metropolitan region of Salvador (MRS), the third largest urban agglomeration in the Brazilian Northeast and the eighth largest in Brazil, an area with intense migratory activity from CD-endemic regions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate CD indicators (prevalence and mortality) in the MRS. A mixed ecological and descriptive study was conducted using secondary data. We analyzed data from 2008 to 2015: deaths due to CD, self-reported cases of CD, and blood donors that were non-negative for T. cruzi infection. São Francisco do Conde was one of the municipalities with the highest mortality rates due to CD. The seroprevalence rates varied by year and municipality; those with the highest values were 2008: Vera Cruz, 2009: Mata de São João, 2010: Dias D'Ávila, 2011 and 2015: São Francisco do Conde, 2012: São Sebastião do Passé, and 2013 and 2014: Pojuca. Spatial correlations between the municipalities were not detected. We conclude that CD is present in the MRS. The indicators analyzed in the MRS are below-state-level data. Given the importance of indicator analysis for the surveillance and control of CD at the state and national levels, it is important to strengthen the surveillance program at the municipal level, including the regions classified as low risk for T. cruzi vector transmission.

Periodontal health in a population with Parkinson's disease in Spain: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the periodontal health of patients with Parkinson Disease (PD) in a Spanish cohort. A cross-sectional study was performed on 104 patients with PD (mean age: 66.19+9.3 years) and 106 controls (mean age: 59.26+14.11 years). A pre-designed clinical protocol was implemented, which included a standardized epidemiological index for periodontal disease (CPITN), clinical attachment loss (CAL), tooth-loss, full mouth plaque index (FMPI), and oral hygienic habits. Univariate descriptions and comparative analysis were performed. The majority of PD patients presented good oral hygienic habits. There were no significant differences in relation to CPITN, periodontitis, gingival recessions and tooth loss. However, moderate/severe CAL (p=0.027) and FMPI (p=0.003) was higher in the PD group. There were no differences on periodontitis and tooth loss between both groups. The higher number of advanced CAL and presence of biofilm in the PD group could be related to the difficulties to perform an effective tooth brushing due to this neurological disorder.

Epidemiologia da mastite e interações de fatores ambientais na saúde do úbere no sistema de Compost Barn

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the epidemiological indexes of mastitis, milk quality and udder hygiene in the Compost Barn system, as well as to search for associations between isolated pathogens from milk with compost characteristics. Three dairy herds participated in the study, and the samples were collected during different periods on each farm. Individual milk samples were collected in duplicate for SCC analysis and microbiological culture. Environmental pathogens caused most cases of clinical mastitis on farm 2, and contagious pathogens caused the most cases on farm 1. Bed moisture was not associated with the incidence of environmental pathogens. Most of the animals remained in good udder hygiene during the study. Poor udder hygiene contributed to the increased incidence of environmental pathogens in one of the farms. A higher number of animals with a hygiene score of ≥ 2 were observed during the warmer and rainfall periods. There was no association between hygiene scores and somatic cell counts. The results suggest that pathogens isolated from milk in animals confined in Compost Barn under tropical climate are like other confinement systems adopted elsewhere. The year period influenced the udder hygiene score, reinforcing the importance of bed management throughout the year.

Correlation Between Diabetes and COVID-19 Indices: A Global Level Ecological Study.

Coronavirus is threatening the global public health as a new and widespread crisis. The researchers must keep in mind that one of the most vulnerable groups to COVID-19 are the people with underlying diseases, especially diabetes. This ecological study aimed to investigate the correlation between diabetes and the epidemiological indices of COVID-19. This ecological study included 144 countries. Their available data consists of the cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, recovery rate, case fatality rate, and performed tests of COVID-19, and diabetes. To collect the variables, a data set was provided which included the information of 144 countries based on diabetes and COVID-19 indices. Spearman coefficients were used for assess correlation between diabetes and COVID-19 indices. Also, Scatter plots of diabetes for the studied countries were drawn based on cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, tests, recovery rate, and case fatality rate of COVID-19. The results of this ecological study showed in total countries, there was a weak positive correlation between diabetes and cumulative incidence rate of cases and also cumulative incidence rate of death. Correlation between diabetes with test of COVID-19 was very weak. Scatter plots showed a weak liner correlation between diabetes and cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death and test of COVID-19. In this study, there was a weak positive correlation between diabetes and cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, and performed test of COVID-19. This disease is an enormous challenge for health policymakers; therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies and practical guidelines specific to each region to take the necessary care, especially for diabetic patients.

PROSTATE CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION, 2010-2019

Relevance: From 2010 to 2019, prostate cancer morbidity increased, and prostate cancer mortality decreased in Kazakhstan. The peak incidence was observed in patients aged 70 years and older. The East Kazakhstan region had higher morbidity and mortality from prostate cancer than the national average.
 The study aimed to: assess the indicators of prostate cancer epidemiology in the East Kazakhstan region from 2010 to 2019.
 Methods: The study calculated prostate cancer incidence, mortality, one-year and five-year survival, and early detection from 2010 to 2019. The statistical significance was assessed by the one-factor linear regression method. Intensive epidemiological indicators were calculated per 100 000 male population.
 Results: The prostate cancer incidence in East Kazakhstan increased from 2010 to 2019, while the mortality rate increased slightly. There was a statistically significant upward trend for morbidity (p=0.009) and a statistically insignificant trend for mortality (p=0.900).
 The one-year survival with prostate cancer tended to decrease. However, the trend of one-year survival rates had no statistical significance (p=0.202).
 The five-year survival rate of patients with prostate cancer in the East Kazakhstan region during the study period tended to decrease. However, the trend in the five-year survival rates of patients with prostate cancer in the East Kazakhstan region had no statistical significance (p=0.826).
 Early detection of prostate cancer in the early stages remained sustainable in the range of 72.7-77.4. In 2019, this indicator decreased to 63.2%.
 The share of prostate cancer cases detected at stage III tended to increase. The proportion of prostate cancer cases detected at stage IV tended to decrease during the study period.
 Conclusion: The prostate cancer epidemiological rates in East Kazakhstan were unstable in the study period. The incidence tended to increase; the mortality rate fluctuated within small limits and remained sustainable. The one-year survival rate tended to decrease. The five-year survival rate was slightly increasing. There was an increase in the detection of prostate cancer at stage III, while the detection at stage IV tended to decrease. Early detection of prostate cancer has decreased with an increase in detection at stage III. The proportion of prostate cancer cases detected at stage IV in the study period tended to decrease.

Epidemiology and course of infectious diseases during the covid-19 pandemic. Report 2. Interference engaged between SARS-COV-2 and acute respiratory viral infections

Currently, the disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) and the possibility of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in the current epidemic situation continues to be of particular interest. The review, based on the analysis of literature and own materials, outlines the features of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). Particular attention is paid to the combined course of COVID-19 and influenza, a comparative characteristic of the severity of the clinical picture. An assessment of the epidemic situation against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic in foreign countries and the Russian Federation (RF) revealed the presence of the phenomenon of SARS-CoV-2 interference with other viral respiratory agents, based on the facts of a sharp suppression of the circulation of influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other ARVI pathogens during the period of active spread of pandemic coronavirus. The main epidemiological indicators of the course of coronavirus infection were compared and the contribution of various pathogens to the etiology of acute respiratory viral infections during the development of the second wave of COVID-19 in the RF was assessed. It was noted that the decrease in the number of new cases by 11.4 and deaths by 2.1 times due to COVID-19 at 6 and 13 weeks in 2022 occurred with unchanged laboratory detection of the influenza virus (0.8%) and an increase in the frequency detection of pathogens of other SARS. The results of observations showed that against the background of a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19, there was no increase in the proportion of diagnosed cases of infections caused by other pathogens, especially influenza. The results obtained confirm the need to ensure effective epidemiological surveillance and additional application of pathogen identification methods for monitoring various ARVI, which can significantly affect the approach to differential diagnosis, patient management tactics and the decision on appropriate preventive measures.