Epidemic Process Of HIV Infection Research Articles

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ ПО ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ НА СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДЕ РОССИИ

For more than 40 years, the HIV epidemic has been spreading across the planet, posing a global threat to health care and the economy of all countries. The spread of this disease depends on government policy, social and economic conditions of people's lives. HIV infection mainly affects young able-bodied reproductively active people, leads to an increase in deaths in this group, which directly affects the development of the economic and demographic crisis. The reasons for the rapid spread of HIV infection are associated with such phenomena as drug addiction, homosexuality, and commercial sex. New territories and population groups are constantly involved, the structure of transmission routes, the gender and age structure of the epidemic process are changing. Under these conditions, control over the epidemic process of HIV infection is extremely important. Purpose of the study. Describe the epidemic situation of HIV infection in the Northwestern Federal District in the period 1987-2021. Materials and methods. To analyze the epidemiological data of all HIV-infected people identified in the Northwestern Federal District (n=153002). Results and conclusions. The epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the region is tense. A high number of newly diagnosed patients is recorded annually (over the past 15 years, the increase in the number of identified patients is + 169,4%). At the moment, the epidemic is concentrated in the group of 35-39 years old, 40-44 years old. An increase in the proportion of new cases in older age groups is recorded. From 2012 to the present, the sexual route has been the main route of infection. Males predominate in the overall structure of those infected. However, in the process of developing the epidemic process, there is an increase in the involvement of women (in 2021 – 29,7%, in 2021 – 39,9%). At the same time, there is a decrease in perinatal infection of children from 25% to 1.1% in 2021. Insufficient coverage of ART is registered, as a result of which the number of patients with progressive stages of the disease increases, and insufficient coverage of ART does not provide an epidemic containment in the spread of HIV infection.

Manifestations of the Epidemic Process of Tuberculosis among HIV-infected in Comparison with the General Population

Relevance. The incidence of HIV-associated tuberculosis (HIV/TB) continues to rise.The aim of the work is to study the manifestations of the epidemic process of TB in HIV-infected people in comparison with a general population.Materials and methods. The manifestations of TB incidence were studied among people living with HIV and HIV-negative population of the Perm Region and the Russian Federation for the period 2005–2021. The incidence of HIV/TB was calculated relative to all residents of the study area, the incidence of TB among HIV-infected - relative to the number of PLHIV, the incidence of TB among HIV-negative – relative to the total number of residents minus PLHIV. Comparative assessment of morbidity rates was carried out by calculating Students parametric test.Results. The epidemic process of TB among HIV-infected people was in ten times more intensive than among HIVnegative people. The increase in the incidence of HIV/TB has been observed in recent years (2005–2021) against the background of the intensification of the epidemic process of HIV infection and a decrease in the incidence TB in the absence of HIV infection. TB among HIV-infected and HIV-negative people was registered more often among adults than children, and mainly among men. The ncidence of HIV-infected TB was higher among the urban population, while the intensity of the epidemic process of TB among HIV-negative, on the contrary, is higher among rural residents. In recent years, there has been a redistribution of the incidence of HIV/TB towards older age groups of population.

Long-Term Dynamics of HIV-Infected Mortality and Risk Factors of the Lethal Outcome in the Presence and Absence of Concomitant Tuberculosis

Relevance. The mortality rate of patients with HIV infection, including concomitant tuberculosis (HIV/TB), continues to increase. The goal of the work is to study the long­term dynamics of HIV­infected mortality and risk factors of the lethal outcome in the presence and absence of concomitant tuberculosis.Materials and methods. An assessment of the mortality rates of HIV­-infected people among the population of the Perm Region during the period from 2005 (the year of registration of the first cases of HIV/TB) to 2021 was carried out. In order to determine the life expectancy of patients and risk factors of the lethal outcome the analysis of 414 outpatient records of HIV­infected people who died in 2021 was carried out. The degree of immunodeficiency and viral load in patients was taken into account based on the results of examinations conducted in the period 6 months before the lethal outcome.Results. During the 15­year period of registration of the incidence of HIV/TB in the study area, 57.0% of those who died from causes directly related to HIV infection had TB. At the same time, despite the decrease in mortality from monotuberculous infection as a result of a decrease in the incidence of TB, in recent years there has been an increase in mortality from HIV/TB due to the intensification of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The average life expectancy of HIV­-infected people who died directly from HIV infection in the absence of TB was 6.7 ± 0.3 years, with concomitant TB ­5.7 ± 0.3 years. The lethal outcome of patients with HIV infection in the presence of TB and without TB was most often recorded with the number of CD4 + < 200 cells /ml and viral load > 100,000 copies /MBNA of HIV. At the same time, immunosuppression in deceased HIV/TB patients was more pronounced than in HIV­-infected patients in the absence of TB.

Development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the penitentiary system

The purpose statement is to identify and assess the risk factors determined by the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the area of high concentration of the risk group.Object of study. 365 deceased HIV-infected were identified, of which: the study group — 222 prisoners who died HIV-infected on the basis of the Regional Hospital of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the city of Tyumen for the period 2008–2018; control group — 143 civilian (law-abiding) patients who died HIVinfected on the basis of the Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital for the period 2011–2018.Research methods. The work used the methods of epidemiological research, mathematical modeling and forecasting, logistic regression of stepwise inclusion with ROC analysis.Results. To assess the epidemiological situation in relation to the incidence of HIV infection in places of detention, the longterm dynamics of the development of the epidemic process was studied with an assessment of priority risk factors, forecasting the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection with the establishment of social significance and risk for the civilian population over a long period. The probability of developing a fatal outcome in HIV-positive men serving sentences is 4.7 times higher than among civilian men, while 14.6 times higher when infected with HIV by parenteral (narcotic) infection, 4.8 times higher with concomitant viral hepatitis and 20 times higher in the presence of a respiratory disease, 99.2% higher in the clinical stages of HIV infection 3, 4A, 4B than in civilians.Conclusion. Prisoners have an unfavorable situation for HIV infection with high mortality. A set of organizational and preventive measures to prevent the spread of HIV among prisoners at the present stage should be strengthened with an emphasis on groups at increased risk and progression of infection.

Risk factors influencing the expansion of the epidemic process of hiv infection in the penitentiary system of the region with a high level of HIV prevalence

The Tyumen Region, being the largest one in the Ural Federal District in terms of territory, has a high level of HIV prevalence, particularly among those taken into custody. This group of people involves the maximum number of injecting drug users, men having sexual encounters with other men and sex workers. All acquired diseases including the diseases aggravated during the service of sentence become the problem of the expirees as well as the entire civil society. From an epidemiological perspective it is important to search for the risk factors which are active among the prisoner population serving their sentence in the region and which cause HIV progression with fatal outcome, taking into account their unequal significance among the prisoner population and the civilians.Object of research. 365 HIV-infected, deaths were identified, including: the study group — 222 prisoners, HlV-infected and died at the regional hospital of the Federal penitentiary service of Tyumen for the period 2008-2018; the control group - 143 civil (law-abiding) patients, HIV-infected and died at the Regional infectious diseases hospital for the period 2011-2018.Purpose of research. Identification and assessment of priority risk factors for the expansion of the epidemic process of HIV infection with a fatal outcome in the zone of high concentration of the risk group.Methods of research. The following methods have been used in this work: methods of epidemiological research, methods of mathematical modeling and forecasting, as well as the method, of logistic regression, of step-by-step inclusion with ROC analysis.Results. To assess the epidemiological situation in terms of the HIV infection prevalence in the prison area a long-term and intra-annual dynamics of the epidemic process expansion in the region have been studied along with assessment of the priority risk factors, trends, forecasting of the HIV infection expansion in the penitentiary system specifying the social significance and risks to the civilian population over a long period.

Modeling the epidemic process of HIV infection in populations with different natural population growth

Aim: to assess the incidence, prevalence of HIV infection and population dynamics in populations with negative, zero and positive natural increase.Materials and Methods: Computer probabilistic modeling by the Monte Carlo method of the epidemic process of HIV infection in populations with different natural population growths was carried out. The parameters that are minimally necessary for such a description are used – population, birth rate, mortality, HIV prevalence, probability of HIV transmission.Results and discussion: When modeling the epidemic process, two main scenarios of the spread of HIV infection in a population without diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive effects were established. With a negative or zero population growth and a random distribution of healthy and infected individuals in the simulated space, the population density gradually decreases. At some point, the probability of contact of the infected and healthy person becomes less than the probability of an infected person to live up to this event. Under such conditions, the complete elimination of the virus from the population is theoretically possible. With a positive natural increase, it is possible to form a stable state in which the periods of increase in population size, incidence and prevalence of HIV infection change in a cyclical decline. HIV prevalence in countries such as Swaziland, Botswana and Lesotho has been at the level of 25–30% for many years. In this case, the population steadily grows. Based on the conducted simulation studies, it can be assumed that in these territories an evolutionarily stable balance was formed between the share of healthy and HIV-infected people in which the prevalence does not occur above 30%.Conclusions. The development of the epidemic process of HIV infection is determined by the dynamics of natural population growth. With a negative or zero natural growth and a random distribution of individuals in the simulated space, a complete elimination of the virus from the population is theoretically possible. With a positive natural increase, it is possible to form an evolutionarily stable cyclic balance between the proportion of healthy and HIV-infected people.

Modeling of forecasting the development of the HIV epidemic process in a region with a high level of HIV infection as a determinant of the direction of anti-epidemic measure

Aim. Identification of opportunities to influence the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection.Materials and methods. Mathematical modeling and statistical analysis methods were used to assess the epidemiological situation forecast. In addition, the work uses methods of epidemiological research: analytical, descriptive and evaluative, statistical observation method with the calculation of intensive and extensive indicators, a continuous observational retrospective epidemiological study in the volume of the General population over a long period.Results. A retrospective analysis of the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in a region with a high level of HIV infection over a 26-year period since the first case was registered in 1993 showed that a concentrated stage of the epidemic has formed in the region at the present stage with an average annual rate of HIV growth of +259,9% against the national rate of +31,4%. By the end of 2018 a characteristic trend in the age structure of HIV is to reduce the proportion of persons aged up to 24 years, the prevalence of persons 35–44 years of age, a notable increase of the age group 55–64 years with a predominance of women infected by heterosexual sex (55,8 per cent). Predicting the epidemiological situation in relation to the age structure of HIV-infected people until 2023 showed a steady trend towards an increase in the HIV-positive age group up to 14 years, 40– 49 years, 50 years and older. There is a fairly high rate of HIV transmission among women.Conclusions. At the present stage of development of the epidemic process of HIV infection, the main share of HIV-infected people is 35–44 years old (72,4%). The results obtained during the study of predicting the development of the epidemic situation with regard to HIV infection until 2023 allow us to focus the anti-epidemic work of epidemiologically significant age groups.

Dynamics of Epidemiological Manifestations of HIV Infection in the Gender Aspect (on the Example of the Republic of Tatarstan)

Relevance. The development of the HIV epidemic in different parts of the word is accompanied by the dynamics of its manifestations, including a change in the role in epidemics of various routes of transmission, “risky groups” and shifts in the gender structure of morbidity. The study of the epidemic process in dynamics, including the gender indicators of the epidemic, is important for forecasting the epidemic and modernizing prevention strategies. The aim of the study is to assess the gender characteristics of the manifestations of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of HIV-infection among women and men in the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) for the period of 1996–2018 was carried out. We used information from database of AIDS-centre of Tatarstan Republic. Incidence of HIV in association with age, ways of transmission, social status was calculated for men and women separately. We analyzed the role of main transmission routes in different age groups over the entire period of the epidemic (1987–2018). The data is processed in Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Results. Incidence rate of HIV per year in men is higher then in women from 1999 (p < 0,05). In the structure of the adult population's incidence of HIV infection, the proportion of women increased by 2.4 times: from 14.8 ± 0.7% in 2001 to 35.6 ± 1.3% in 2018 (p < 0.001). During the entire follow - up period of 1996-2018, the most common route of getting infection for men was intravenous (68%); most of women (73,3%) got HIV via sexual rout including women, living in areas with the highest prevalence of drug addiction. The proportion of sexual route of HIV-transmission increased from 5.6 ± 0.5% in 2001 to 52.3 ± 1.7% in 2018 for men, and from 23.7 ± 2.2% in 2001 to 84.6 ± 1.7% in 2018 for women (p < 0.001). Dynamic of HIV-epidemic is presented by involvement of older age groups. With age, the proportion of people who were infected via sexual rout increases in both women and men groups. Conclusion. The dynamics of the epidemiological manifestations of HIV infection in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period 1996–2018 has many similarities among women and men: they have unidirectional changes, and the incidence rates decreases for people under 30 years. The incidence rates for men are higher than those for women, however, the development of the epidemic is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of women, for whom, unlike men, regardless of the age and prevalence of drug addiction in the territory the live, the sexual route of infection is predominant.

Characterization of the Epidemic Process of HIV Infection in a Region With a High Level of HIV Prevalence Over a Long Period of Time (Example of the Tyumen Region)

The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the development of the HIV epidemic process in the Tyumen region in 1993–2018 (without autonomous okrugs).Materials and methods. The work used epidemiological, descriptive-evaluative, analytical and statistical research methods, with the calculation of intensive (incidence, incidence) and extensive indicators (structure of incidence, incidence), determining the trend of the epidemic process.Results and conclusions. As of the end of 2018, more than 1,2% of the population is infected with HIV in the Tyumen region. The average long-term growth rate is +259,9% (expressed). Over the 26 years of HIV registration, men have been predominantly infected, the route of infection is parenteral (narcotic). Since 2002, the proportion of sexual transmission of HIV has doubled, sexual heterosexual transmission has become the leading one at the present stage of the development of the epidemic process (59,8%). A «portrait» of a modern HIV-infected person in the region can be considered a predominantly unemployed man or woman (taking into account the trend) aged 40–49 years and older, with a secondary specialized education, subject to deviant behavior (including when using drugs). At the present stage, there is an obvious redistribution of the structure of the identified HIV-infected people towards the predominance of older age groups and pensioners with an increase in HIV +52,8%. The decrease in the growth rate and the incidence rate of HIV over the past 3 years is a positive trend amid the generalized nature of the spread of HIV.

Characteristics of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the region with a high level of HIV infection over a long period (on the example of the Tyumen region)

Characteristics of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the region with a high level of HIV infection over a long period (on the example of the Tyumen region)

The prevalence of HIV infection in patients of general hospitals as a parameter for monitoring the system of epidemiological surveillance

Aim. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of HIV infection in patients of large multidisciplinary hospitals in providing emergency and planned medical care and to evaluate the value of the long-term dynamics of this indicator as a quantitative characteristic of the epidemic process of HIV infection. Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the results of examination for HIV infection of patients in the Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine (RIEM) and Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute (MONIKI) from 2008 to 2017. Long-term dynamics of the prevalence HIV infection were analyzed by using linear regression analysis. The intensity of trends (growth/decline) was assessed by the criteria proposed by V. D. Belyakov et al. (1981). Results. We examined for HIV infection 251 213 and 165 194 people in the research RIEM and MONIKI, respectively. For decade, the number of hospitalizations of HIV-infected patients to RIEM increased by 1.7 times, to MONIKI by 3.1 times. Prevalence of HIV infection in the patients of RIEM exceeded MONIKI ones from 3,2 to 6,0 times. At the same time, MONIKI showed a statistically significant trend towards an increase in hospitalizations of HIV-infected citizens (R2=0,8049, p=0,0004) with a pronounced average annual growth rate of 9,6% per year. Conclusion. We obtained results indicates a tendency to increase the number of recourses HIV-infected persons to general hospitals inMoscow andMoscow region. The most significant average annual increase in the prevalence over a decade period were recorded in the intensive care (+14.2%) and surgical (+9.8%) departments of MONIKI. Indicator groups of high risk of HIV infection in theMoscow region should be considered patients with urgent surgical pathology, acute exogenous poisoning of chemical etiology, as well as persons suffering from mental disorders.

DYNAMICS OF MANIFESTATIONS OF THE EPIDEMIC PROCESS OF HIV INFECTION IN RELATION WITH THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION FOR ADDICTION (IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN)

The aim of the study is to characterize the trends in the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in connection with the epidemiological situation of drug addiction in the Republic of Tatarstan.Materials and methods. The official statistical data on the incidence of HIV infection and drug addiction in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period 1987–2016, the data on the prevalence for 2001 and 2016 are analyzed.Results. Direct correlation of the prevalence of HIV infection and prevalence of drug addiction in the different territories of the Republic of Tatarstan were identified for 2001 data (r=0,81, p&lt;0,001) and for 2016 (r=0,82, p&lt;0,001). A statistically significant increase in the incidence of HIV infection in the population against the background of a decrease in the incidence of drug addiction was demonstrated. In the early stages of the epidemic in the region HIV infection spread mainly through injecting drug use and, in recent years, HIV has been sexually transmitted mainly through heterosexual contact.Conclusion. The output of infection outside the population of injecting drug users and the prevalence of sexual transmission of HIV in recent yearsare a reflection of adverse trends in the direction of generalization of the epidemic of HIV infection.

Влияние распространенности наркомании среди населения Приморского края на проявления эпидемического процесса ВИЧ-инфекции

Objective. The epidemiological assessment of influence of drug addiction prevalence rate among Primorskiy Territory population on manifestations of the epidemic process of HIV infection was given. Methods. Retrospective analysis for 2000-2016 was conducted with monitoring data of Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Regional Clinical Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, and reports and records of Regional Drug Abuse Clinic (form No. 11: 'Report on drug addiction diseases'). Results. The parenteral use of psychoactive narcotic substances prevails (69 %) in the structure of the infection channels of cur rently registered HIV-infected people. During the study, the administrative territories of the region with high and low prevalence of HIV infection and drug addiction were identified. A strong direct relationship (r = 0.72) was established between the levels of drug addiction and HIV infection. Conclusions. The main way of HIV transmission in the Primorsky Territory is parenteral, which affects injecting drug users, remains relevant to this day. At the same time there is a tendency to increase the share of the sexual way of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus, and often injecting drug users or people, who have ever used narcotic substances, sexually contaminate their partners. The number of HIV-infected people in the group of injecting drug users is also growing steadily.

Periods of epidemic process of HIV infection and AIDS-related diseases in Perm Krai

Aim. To identify the periods of the development of epidemic process of HIV infection in Perm Krai, characteristics of the structure of key AIDS-related diseases. &#x0D; Methods. Analysis of prevalence of HIV infection and AIDS-related diseases was performed in Perm Krai based on the data of official statistics for 1988-2015. For this purpose data were taken from retrospective study of original medical records (individual outpatient‘s medical cards), form №61 approved by the resolution of Rosstat №1 issued at 09.01.2008 «Information on the groups of HIV-infected patients». Frequency and the strucutre of key opportunistic infections at different periods of the epidemic process were identified. &#x0D; Results. 5 periods of the development of epidemic process of HIV infection were identfied in Perm Krai during 1995-2015: period of sporadic, stable level of incidence (1995-1998), period of sudden increase of incidence determining epidemic issues (1999-2001), period of decreasing and stable incidence (2002-2006), periods of growth (2007-2010) and activation (2011-2015) of the epidemic process due to sexual transmission of infection. In more than one third of the patients (33.29%) combination of opportunistic infections was registered that contributes to their severe course, diagnostic issues and untimely treatment. Parenteral route of transmission is the most prevalent among males (intravenous injection of drugs) and its proportion in the structure of transmission routes is 82.7±8.9%. Among females sexual transmission is prevalent. &#x0D; Conclusion. In the dynamics of the development of epidemic process of HIV infection in Perm Krai (1995-2015) 5 periods were identified; at the modern stage among HIV infected patients AIDS-related diseases prevalently with central nervous system and internal organ damage are diagnosed: candidiasis, cytomegalovirus infection, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis and tuberculosis (stage 4b, 4c of HIV infection).

THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF HIV INFECTION. PART 1. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION AND OPTIMAL PARAMETERS

Aim: to conduct an analysis of the HIV infection management system adopted in the Russian Federation, to formulate the basic principles of optimization of this model for epidemiological and economic indicators. Materials and methods: the methods of system analysis were used in the work. The decomposition of the existing HIV management system into structural components made it possible to identify the most informative data collected in the standard Center of AIDS prevention. The optimal criteria for the management of the epidemic process of HIV infection have been determined, and functional links have been established between the parameters necessary to increase the efficiency available in the practical healthcare system. Results: the data with information sufficiency (sex, age, etc.) and redundancy (social groups, contingents of the surveyed population) were identified. The main principle of optimization of the HIV management system is formulated: to distribute the available financial resources, personnel, material resources between screening, treatment activities and preventive work in such a way that the rate of growth of new cases of infection is maximally close to zero (for a given level of funding). To develop such a system requires a mathematical model of the epidemic process. The principle of developing such a model: the use of data available in practical public health services, the possibility of adaptation to any territory with certain epidemiological features. The output should be the calculation of the optimal distribution of available financial resources, the forecast for the development of the epidemic in this distribution and the determination of the minimum amount necessary, at which the rate of epidemic development will acquire a negative trend. The structure of such a model, the required parameters and methods of mathematical modeling are described.

Epidemiology of HIV Infection and Molecular and Genetic Features of the Virus at the Infected Persons in Siberian Federal District

Relevance. HIV infection epidemic in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) continues to develop with a tendency to incidence growth. The prevalence indicator in the district on 1/1/2015 made 948,4 on 100 thousand of the population. Since 1996 within 20 years in Siberian federal district the group which is the most affected with HIV infection were the consumers of injecting drugs (CID). The greatest number of patients with HIV is registered among males from risk groups in age group of 30 - 39 years (25.8%). And the combined infections lead risky behavior in respect of HIV infection to increase in number of the dead. Goal. Studied the frequency distribution of mutations associated with resistance of human immunodeficiency virus to three main classes of antiretrovirals in patients on therapy, as well as «naive» patients Materials and methods. The study is supposed to monitor the epidemic process of HIV infection in the Siberian Federal District in 2001 - 2015. Results. Patients on therapy, noted the prevalence of mutations of HIV to nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The "naive" patients in the majority of cases revealed no mutations associated with resistance. Conclusions. Established the dominance of HIV subtype A1, along with a significant proportion of circulating recombinant form 02_AG and 63_02А1.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON HIV INFECTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN IN 2015

In the Republic of Bashkortostan the intense epidemiological situation on HIV infection remains, spread of a human immunodeficiency virus among the population and augmentation of cumulative number infected and patients continues. Research objective: detection of nature of epidemic process of HIV infection in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the city of Ufa. On the basis of medical documentation: a registration form No. 058/at “Emergency notice on an infectious disease, food poisoning, unusual reaction to an inoculation”, the card of epidemiological inspection of the center of HIV infection, the card of an ambulatory, – 23 143 cases of HIV infection, 5343 cases of death of HIV-positive patients were studied. As a result of research tendencies of spread of HIV infection in the republic are taped: body height of number of again taped HIV-positive persons (2015 – 2 907 new cases of HIV infection, 2014 – 2 862 case, 2013 – 2 475 cases); conservation of a high incidence of HIV infection (71,39 on 100 000 population); augmentation of specific gravity of a sexual way of transfer of the HIV (51,42%) realized both at heterosexual contacts and in group of men who have sex with men (48 cases); growth by 37,9% of number of the died HIV-positive people of all reasons and, including, owing to HIV infection; prevalence among HIV-positive people at the time of identification of an age category from 31 to 40 years (48,8%). Current situation demands acceptance of urgent measures for stabilization and depression of a case rate the HIV infection including carrying out scheduled maintenance with the working population.

Modern trends of the epidemic process of HIV infection in North-Eastern region of Ukraine

The distribution of HIV infection among different groups in Sumy region is expounded in this article. The most infected people in this region were men with the age range of 18–29years. Sumy region is relatively stable in relation to distribution of the epidemic. There is a trend involving women in the epidemic process, demonstrating an increase in sexual transmission and high rates of infected prisoners. However, the intravenous drugs users (IDUs) remain the highest risk of infection.