Ephemeral Fever Virus Research Articles

Studies on Antiviral Activity of Zeolite Against Foot and Mouth Disease and Ephemeral Fever Viruses

Studies on Antiviral Activity of Zeolite Against Foot and Mouth Disease and Ephemeral Fever Viruses

佐賀県内飼養豚における牛流行熱，アカバネ，アイノ，チュウザン及びピートンウイルスの血清学的調査

佐賀県内飼養豚における牛流行熱，アカバネ，アイノ，チュウザン及びピートンウイルスの血清学的調査

Monitoring of Five Bovine Arboviral Diseases Transmitted by Arthropod Vectors in Korea

A survey was performed in Korea to monitor the prevalence of five bovine arboviruses [Akabane virus, Aino virus, Chuzan virus, bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus, and Ibaraki virus] in arthropod vectors, such as Culicoides species. To determine the possible applications of survey data in annual monitoring and warning systems in Korea, we examined the prevalence of bovine arboviruses in arthropod vectors using RT-PCR. To compare the sensitivity and specificity of virus detection, nested PCR was also performed in parallel for all five viruses. Using the RT-PCR, the detection limits were at least up to 10 1.5 , 10 2.8 , 10 2.0 , 10 1.8 , and 10 4.0 TCID??/㎖ for Akabane virus, Aino virus, Chuzan virus, BEF virus, and Ibaraki virus, respectively. When nested PCR was performed using 1 ㎕ of PCR product, the detection limits were increased, to 10 0.05 , 10 1.8 , 10 1.0 , 10 0.008 , and 102.0 TCID??/㎖ for Akabane virus, Aino virus, Chuzan virus, BEF virus, and Ibaraki virus, respectively. Thus, nested PCR increased the sensitivity of the virus detection limit by 1~2 log. We pooled 30~40 mosquitoes in one sample. We collected 113 samples in 2006, 135 samples in 2007, and 100 samples in 2008. Among these samples, Chuzan virus and BEF virus genes were detected at a range between 0.82% and 1.19%, and Akabane virus, Aino virus, and Ibaraki virus genes were detected at less than 0.20%. These data may provide some insight into future epidemiological studies of bovine arboviral diseases in Korea.

Seroprevalence of culicoides-borne disease in cattle in European Turkey

Trakya bölgesinde, 2003 yılında 5 ile bağlı 21 ilçe/köyden toplam 557 sığır, Mavidil, Akabane ve Ephemeral Fever enfeksiyonlarının seroprevalanslarının tespiti amacıyla random sampling metoduyla örneklendi. Serum örnekleri Mavidil virusunun 3 farklı serotipine (BTV-serotip 4, BTV-serotip 9 ve BTV-serotip 16) karşı virus nötralizasyon testine tabi tutuldu. Aynı serum örneklerine Akabane ve Ephemeral Fever virus antikorlarının tespiti için blocking ELISA testi uygulandı. Trakya bölgesinde mavi dil enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansı %73.54 olarak tespit edilirken, BTV serotip-4 %69.04, BTV serotip-9 %71.38, BTV serotip-16 ise %80.2 olarak saptandı. Akabane enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansı Trakya bölgesinde %0.14 olarak belirlenirken, Ephemeral fever enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansı örneklenen iller bazında %2.5-15.3 olarak tespit edildi

Growth of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease, Akabane, and Ephemeral Fever Viruses in Aedes albopictus Cells Maintained at Various Temperatures

The growth curves of one epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus serotype (Reoviridae), two Akabane virus strains (Bunyaviridae) and three bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) group viruses (Rhabdoviridae) were determined in Aedes albopictus cells maintained at 15, 20, 28 and 33 degrees C. Ae albopictus cells supported the growth of all the viruses although not necessarily at all temperatures. Because none of the viruses exhibited cytopathic effect in Ae albopictus cells, growth was assayed in baby hamster kidney 21 (BHK21) cells maintained at 37 degrees C. The temperature at which the Ae albopictus cells were maintained had a marked effect on the growth and yield for each virus studied. EHD virus was heat-stable and grew after 4 days at 28 and 33 degrees C, and after 8 days at 20 degrees C. No growth was recorded up to 12 days at 15 degrees C. The two Akabane viruses were heat-sensitive and exhibited different growth patterns. One strain (B8935) showed no growth at 15 degrees C and only minimal growth at 20, 28 and 33 degrees C. The other strain (CSIRO 16) showed growth after 1-2 days at all temperatures with higher titres reached at 15 and 20 degrees C than at 28 and 33 degrees C. The BEF group viruses grew to approximately the same titres at all temperatures. At the higher temperatures (28 and 33 degrees C) most of BEF group viruses had disappeared within 9 days. In contrast at the lower temperatures (15 and 20 degrees C), there was still virus present 18 days after inoculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arboviruses isolated from Culicoides midges in Kenya

Mixed and single species pools of Culicoides were examined for virus isolation over a period of several years in Kenya. Two different strains of bluetongue virus and a strain of Nairobi sheep disease were obtained in BHK 21 C 13 cell cultures. Ephemeral fever virus was obtained from a mixed species pool, consisting almost entirely of C. shultzei, by the inoculation of 2-day-old infant mice. The trapping had been at a site where clinical ephemeral fever was occurring. A further 6 viruses were obtained by the inoculation of infant mice. Five of these appeared to be closely related by complement fixation and plaque inhibition tests and were members of the Palyam group. The remaining strain could not be identified as any known East African arbovirus and may be a new virus.

The susceptibility of young and newborn calves to bovine ephemeral fever virus.

The pathogenicity of a field strain, 417, of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus for newborn and young calves was investigated. Three colostrum-deprived newborn calves inoculated intravenously developed severe clinical disease and viraemia, and produced long-lasting neutralising antibody. The incubation period in these animals was 10 and 11 days, compared with 5 to 7 days for older calves. Two newborn calves which received colostrum from immune dams and 2 which received colostrum from non-immune dams failed to respond clinically to intravenous inoculation with strain 417. The neutralising antibody response of these calves was of short duration. Four calves, 7 to 8 weeks old and lacking detectable neutralising antibody to BEF virus, or having low levels of antibody, did not develop clinical disease when inoculated intravenously. Four calves 12 to 14 weeks of age and free of detectable neutralising antibody to BEF virus developed clinical disease when inoculated with strain 417.

Experimental infection of pregnant cattle with ephemeral fever virus.

Australian Veterinary JournalVolume 50, Issue 8 p. 335-337 EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF PREGNANT CATTLE WITH EPHEMERAL FEVER VIRUS I. M. Parsonson B.V.Sc., Ph.D., I. M. Parsonson B.V.Sc., Ph.D. CSIRO Division of Animal Health, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Private Bag No, 1, P.O., Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052Search for more papers by this authorW. A. Snowdon B.V.Sc., W. A. Snowdon B.V.Sc. CSIRO Division of Animal Health, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Private Bag No, 1, P.O., Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052Search for more papers by this author I. M. Parsonson B.V.Sc., Ph.D., I. M. Parsonson B.V.Sc., Ph.D. CSIRO Division of Animal Health, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Private Bag No, 1, P.O., Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052Search for more papers by this authorW. A. Snowdon B.V.Sc., W. A. Snowdon B.V.Sc. CSIRO Division of Animal Health, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Private Bag No, 1, P.O., Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1974 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1974.tb14100.xCitations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume50, Issue8August 1974Pages 335-337 RelatedInformation

Some aspects of the epizootiology of bovine ephemeral fever in Australia.

SummarySerum samples collected from cattle in Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales in 1966 had neutralising antibodies to ephemeral fever virus, although the last major epizootic of ephemeral fever was in 1955‐56. The incidence of antibodies ranged from 1.5% in Western Australia to 29.0% in Queens‐ land, and 57.6% of serums assayed were of low titre (2 to 5). Antibodies were not found in serums collected from cattle in Victoria, South Australia, southern Western Australia or Norfolk Island. After the 1967‐68 epizootic the pro‐porton of cattle with antibody ranged from 3.1% to 47.6% in herds with antibody in Victoria to 81.8% to 91.7% in herds in Queensland, and 58.2% of serums assayed had antibody titres greater than 45. Cattle with low levels of antibody in 1966 had high levels after the 1967‐68 epizootic, although it is not known what pro‐portion showed clinical signs of ephemeral fever during the epizootic.Serum samples collected in 1966, and which contained low levels of antibody, were fractionated by gel filtration and the neutralising activity was confined to the 7S globulin fraction. In one cow experimentally infected with ephemeral fever virus, the neutralising activity at 15 days after inoculation was confined to the 19S globulin fraction, in both the 19S and 7S fractions at 22 days but was almost totally confined to the 7S fraction by day 36.The significance of the results is discussed, and it is suggested that ephemeral fever virus remains enzootic in areas of Australia between major epizootics, but the infecting virus may be of low pathogenicity and immunogenicity for cattle, resulting mainly in subclinical infections.

Bovine ephemeral fever

Thermal and pH stability of ephemeral fever virus (EFV) were studied. Infectivity of EFV was inactivated within 10 minutes at 56°C, by 18 hours at 37°C, and within 120 hours at 25°C. Infected mouse-brain virus had little titer loss after 30 days' storage at 4°C. Infected culture fluids stored at −35°C lost about 0.04 log units of virus per day. EFV was inactivated within 10 minutes at pH 2.5 and 12.0. Infectivity was lost in 60 minutes at pH 5.1 and in 90 minutes at pH 9.1. EFV was adapted to monkey kidney cell lines (Vero and MS); a plaque assay in Vero cells is described. The virus sized between 100 and 220 mμ by filtration. Growth studies of EFV in MS cells are described.

Electron microscopic studies on bovine ephemeral fever virus.

In an effort to raise the titre of Ephemeral fever virus (EFV) in BHK-21 cells, cell cultures were treated with 0.2 μg/ml “cortisol”. Relatively high yields of virus resulted in the first electron micrographs of EFV which is cone-shaped, having a height of 176 mμ, and a basal diameter of 88 mμ. The cone apparently consists of a spiral of 10 turns with a pitch of 16.6 mμ. From these figures the total length of the spiral is approximately 2.2 μ. The electron-dense spiral is presumably nucleoprotein in nature. Suggestions are made with respect to the classification of the virus.