Enzymes Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase Research Articles

Study of platelet activation, hypercoagulable state, and pulmonary hypertension in patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia

Abstract BACKGROUND: Thalassemic patients require lifelong blood transfusions, which can lead to complications such as pulmonary arterial hypertension. The pathogenesis involves hypercoagulability, in which researches on coagulation abnormalities in this regard are limited. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study was to investigate the mechanism of hypercoagulability and pulmonary hypertension in transfusion-dependent thalassemic patients and compare it with healthy controls. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case–control analysis enrolled 50 transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients and 50 healthy controls. Complete blood counts, liver function tests, coagulation markers (P-selectin, protein C, antithrombin III, and fibrinogen), serum ferritin, and transthoracic echocardiography were performed, and blood transfusion/chelation history and splenectomy status were recorded. RESULTS: Thalassemia patients revealed severe anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, significantly elevated serum ferritin (1957.50 ± 2455.05 g/L), elevated liver enzymes serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (22.01 ± 9.89 U/L), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (22.70 ± 9.78 U/L) in comparison to controls, and mean serum P-selectin was significantly higher in thalassemic patients (100.48 ± 53.29 ng/mL). Mean serum antithrombin-III and protein C were significantly lower in thalassemic patients (89.27 ± 16.08 units/h, 86.04 ± 25.21 μg/mL) in comparison to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Transfusion-dependent thalassemia is characterized by severe anemia and splenomegaly, leading to complex hemodynamic changes with evidence of platelet activation, hypercoagulable state, liver injury, and increased atherosclerosis. It induces pulmonary artery thrombosis contributing to the development of pulmonary artery hypertension.

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase variations with their Pearson’s coefficient correlation in sickle cell disease

Background: The sickle cell disease condition with hepatic dysfunction shows the abnormal variations in liver function tests including serum aminotransferases enzymes like serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels were changed to discuss their significance in the sickle cell disease. Objectives: Studied of SGOT and SGPT level variation in sickle cell disease, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient of SGOT& SGPT in sickle cell disease. Material and methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, People’s College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre and Centre for Scientific Research and Development Department (CSRD), People’s University, Bhopal. The liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT were estimated by Reitman & Frankel’s method and were diagnosed. Results: In the present study, the mean standard deviation of cases vs. controls were showed significant difference and it was calculated by using the SPSS software version-24. The mean ± SD cases vs controls of SGOT and SGPT were found in 69.98 ± 69.31; 25.17± 5.25 and 65.28 ± 60.07; 22.72 ± 5.47 respectively. The calculated P˂0.000 was found to be statistically highly significant. The Pearson’s Correlation showed positive correlation in between SGOT and SGPT enzymes. Conclusion: The transaminases SGOT and SGPT enzymes were significantly increased in sickle cell disease so it could be another clinical bio-marker for the diagnosis of sickle cell disease. Keywords: SGOT; SGPT; Pearson’s correlation; sickle cell disease

Comparative Clinical Study of Nabayas Louha: An Ayurvedic HaematinicPreparation and a Conventional Iron Preparation in Female Anemic Patients

Anemia is common nutritional disorder and it affects one third of population around the globe. Assessing nutritional status of human is an inevitable process to lead a healthy life. Females are affected significantly by anemia compare to male. According to WHO report, developing herbs-based formulation to treat anemic patients is safe and less toxic. In this study a double-blind, cross group comparative clinical trial of Nabayas Louha (NBL) a Ayurvedic haematinic preparation with G-Iron Folic Acid (IFA) was undertaken on 66 female anemic volunteers with age between 20-30 years. It was seen that NBL after being administered at a daily dose of 500 mg for 30 days significantly increased the hemoglobin content of the treated volunteers. It produced an increase in serum iron content and decreases total iron binding capacity. The ESR level was also decreased. These effects of NBL were found to be comparable with IFA. There was a marked decrease in WBC count noticed, however statistically significant increase in the lymphocytes count was seen. Furthermore, the level of toxicity related enzymes SGOT and SGPT was not altered significantly in the NBL treated group which vividly confirm that supplementation of NBL is not toxic. In conclusion, these findings recommend use of NBL as supplement in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and WBC disorders Keywords: Anemia; Ayurvedic; Haematinic; Nabayas louha Abbreviations: World health organization (WHO); Nabayas louha (NBL); Iron folic acid (IFA); Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); White blood cell (WBC); Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT); serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT); Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT); Total iron binding capacity (TIBC); Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

Effect of fermented sorghum seed meal on the performance, carcass characteristics and blood profile of broiler finisher chicken

Sorghum is a good and promising energy source that can replace maize in poultry ration. Thus, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented sorghum seed meal (FSSM) on performance, carcass characteristics and blood indices of broiler finisher birds. Fermented sorghum seed meal (FSSM) was used to formulate four broiler finisher rations at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels. Four groups of fifteen broiler chicks of Agrited breed were randomly assigned to four treatment diets in a completely randomized design and fed for 28 days. Each group was further subdivided into three replicates of five birds each. The average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not show any significant difference (p>0.05). The feed cost per kg weight gain decreased as the fermented sorghum seed meal increased. All the carcass parameters measured (% dressed weight, % thigh, % breast muscle, % wing) and the internal organ weights (heart %live weight (LW), gizzard %LW and liver %LW) were not significantly different (p>0.05). The haemoglobin (HB), packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) increased significantly (p<0.05) as the FSSM increased. The white blood cell (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), neutrophiles, basophiles, eosinophiles, lymphocytes and monocytes did not show any treatment effect (p>0.05). The biochemical indices revealed that urea and cholesterol increased significantly (p<0.05) at 20% and 30% inclusion levels of FSSM. Creatinine, total proteins, albumin, globulin and the electrolytes (Na, K, Co3 and CL) did not show any significant treatment (p>0.05) effect. The enzymes serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) increased significantly (p>0.05) at 20% and 30% inclusion levels of FSSM. It was therefore concluded that fermented sorghum seed meal could be incorporated into broiler finisher ration up to 30% level due to cost effectiveness at this level.

BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF CERTAIN ENZYMES IN DENGUE FEVER PATIENTS

Objective: The main objective of the present study is to correlate the effect of certain enzymes in diagnosis of dengue fever (DF) and impact of these elevated/decreased blood levels of enzymes on patients of DF.
 Methods: The study was carried out on 30 patients suspected to be suffering from DF. Blood sample was collected and tested for various parameters such as protein (albumin), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT).
 Results: Serum enzymes such as LDH and CK were found to be elevated to be a good marker of muscle damage and progression of diseases. CRP as a marker of inflammation was also found to be elevated. Enzymes like acid phosphatase increased abruptly while alkaline phosphatase was irregular. Liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT activity were also enhanced.
 Conclusion: Increased level of transaminases can be reflective of the formation of various amino acids for the synthesis of new protein and for channeling of glutamate and aspartate along with glycine for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
 Objective: The main objective of the present study is to correlate the effect of certain enzymes in diagnosis of dengue fever (DF) and impact of these elevated/decreased blood levels of enzymes on patients of DF.
 Methods: The study was carried out on 30 patients suspected to be suffering from DF. Blood sample was collected and tested for various parameters such as protein (albumin), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT).
 Results: Serum enzymes such as LDH and CK were found to be elevated to be a good marker of muscle damage and progression of diseases. CRP as a marker of inflammation was also found to be elevated. Enzymes like acid phosphatase increased abruptly while alkaline phosphatase was irregular. Liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT activity were also enhanced.
 Conclusion: Increased level of transaminases can be reflective of the formation of various amino acids for the synthesis of new protein and for channeling of glutamate and aspartate along with glycine for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.

Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin: How reliable is it as a Biomarker for Chronic Alcohol Consumption?

Alcohol use disorders are a major cause of a number of health, economic and social challenges for individuals, their families and health care systems worldwide. The inadequate and inaccurate assessment of long-term drinking demeanors is a significant and substantial hindrance to its diagnosis and management. Biomarkers for chronic alcohol consumption are now well established as reliable diagnostic aids but their sensitivity and specificity still need to improve. Therefore, there is a definitive need for the development of more sensitive and specific markers of alcohol abuse and addiction. Biological markers of alcoholism are divided into two cohorts: conventional and circumstantial indices. Lineal markers are detected in some biological fluids including blood and urine. The other matrices encompassing hair, saliva and sweat are not yet internationally accepted and approved, despite some studies seems to be promising for some. Among the conventional biomarkers which ate tested for alcohol misuse and abuse are ethanol, ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate. The conventional biomarkers, directly detect the alcohol consumption, with variable degrees of sensitivity and reliability. The circumstantial markers including MCV, γ-GT, transaminase enzymes SGOT (Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase) & SGPT (Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. These biological markers are affected by heavy alcohol consumption for long periods. Objective: Our prime objective of this article is to review the available literature on CDT (Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin) as a biomarker for chronic alcohol consumption and its role in diagnosing and monitoring alcohol use disorders. We also aim to enrich and add to the scientific debate and knowledge about the manifest reliability of this biomarker.

Combination of Loperamide and Niacin modify DENA induced altered Liver enzymes

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is among the most lethal cancers which makes it the third most frequent cause of cancer related deaths. Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is a potent initiator and hepatocarcinogen in rats. DENA induced Hepatocellular damage clearly demonstrates by the elevated levels of liver enzymes serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and a-feto protein (AFP). This work is an attempt to test the hypothesis that Loperamide (5mg/kg) and Niacin in combination restores the DENA (160mg/kg) induced altered enzymes after single i.p administration in Wistar rats. The ability to alter the enzymes was measured by comparing biochemical serum markers and AFP. The results have confirmed the significant elevation of these parameters in DENA control group compared to normal control and the therapeutic groups. Therapeutic group significantly reveals that Loperamide and Niacin restores the altered hepatic enzymes towards the Normal. Key messages: Our data reveals and confirms that this remarkable combination possess the potential for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas in rats exposed to DENA. Administration of Loperamide + Niacin relatively improved the biochemical parameters to values approximating those of the normal controls.

Molasses level in lamb high-energy diets on productive performance, blood chemistry, liver minerals and histopathology

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasing levels of molasses on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, liver minerals and histopathology of lambs. Twenty intact male pelibuey lambs with an average weight of 22.4±2.8kg were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental diets containing 0, 60, 120 and 180gmolasses/kg feed (as fed basis) in a completely random design. Lambs were individually confined to 1.5m2 pens. The experiment had a 15-day adaptation period and a 60-day experimental period. As molasses content in the ration increased from 0 to 180g/kg, S increased from 1.1 to 2.1g/kg DM, whereas Cu concentration ranged from 17.3 to 18.4mg/kgDM. All diets contained high concentrations of Fe (198–252mg/kgDM) and Zn (85–104mg/kgDM), and low Mo contents (1.4–1.5mg/kgDM). Molasses level had no effect (P>0.05) on DM intake, average daily gain, gain:feed, slaughter weight, full or empty gastrointestinal tract weight, digesta-free weight, hot and chilled carcass weights, dressing percent, longissimus muscle area, marbling, back-fat thickness, yield grade or KPH fat. Most of the lamb carcasses of this study were graded with small to slight marbling. The clinical status of the lambs was evaluated through histological and blood chemistry tests, obtaining samples on days 0, 15, 30 and 60. Although most blood parameters were within normal ranges, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and cholesterol concentrations decreased (linear; P<0.05) as molasses increased in the diet. Concentrations of the enzymes serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine phosphokinase were also reduced (linear; P<0.05). Concomitant reductions (P<0.01) in liver Zn and Mo concentrations were also noticed. Although no differences (P>0.05) were observed in liver histopathological observations between treatments, Cu-related sub-lethal hepatic damage was evident in all animals, in absence of clinical signs. Special stain showed fine grained Cu deposits within hepatocytes in three cases belonging to different treatments. It appears that lambs consuming the control diet without molasses with a low S content (0.11%) were as susceptible to a pre-hemolytic copper poisoning (Pre-HCP) as those consuming the other diets containing higher Cu concentrations.

Hepatoprotective efficacy of Hypnea muciformis ethanolic extract on CCl4 induced toxicity in rats

The ethanolic extract of Hypnea muciformis (red algae) was tested for hepatoprotective activity against experimentally induced liver damage by Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in male albino rats. The levels of serum enzymatic and biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase, 5' nucleotidase, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, triglycerides, lipid peroxides and albumin were determined. The CCI4 induced lesions in the liver significant increased the levels of serum marker enzymes SGPT and SGOT, bilirubin, creatinine and decreased urea. The oral treatment with ethanolic extract of H. muciformis exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity by reducing the CCL4 caused changes in the biochemical parameters such as total protein, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea. These parameters were restored towards the normal levels as shown by the enzymatic tests. In addition, H. muciformis significantly decreased the liver weight of CCl4 intoxicated rats. Apparently the H. muciformis extract interfered with the free radical formation, which resulted in hepatoprotective activity. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the LD50 value was more than 3 g/kg body weight. These results clearly indicated that this seaweed contained some active principles in its ethanolic extract which acted as an antidote against the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4.

Hepatoprotective activity of the fruits of &lt;i&gt;Momordica dioica&lt;/i&gt;

The flavonoidal fraction collected from column chromatography from ethanolic extract of fruits of Momordica dioica Roxb was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in wistar strain of albino rats of either sex against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage. The fraction caused decrease in serum level of enzymes serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphate and total bilirubin in treated rats as compared to control. This study showed that this fraction from Momordica dioica fruits could afford a good protection against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatocellular damage. Keywords: hepatoprotective, Momordica dioica, cucurbitaceae, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphate, total bilirubin Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine Vol. 9 2005: 29-31

EVALUATION OF PARAOXONASE (PON) GLUTAMATE OXALOACETATE TRANSAMINASE (SGOT)

Objectives: This study was undertaken for the comparative evaluationof paraoxonase (PON) and Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT) levels in male cardiac patients andnormal subjects and the evaluation of cardiac dysfunction by assaying the enzymes PON and SGOT. Study design:Prospective Period: Six months from June 2003 to Nov 2003. Setting: DHQ Hospital Faisalabad/ Department ofChemistry Agriculture University of Faisalabad. Method &amp; Materials: The blood of the male cardiac patients as wellas control subjects was collected and serum was separated, that was used for the determination of PON and SGOTactivity. Twenty blood samples from male cardiac patients from DHQ Faisalabad was collected. At the same time 20other male subjects which were not suffering from any active cardiac disease were selected as control. Ante-cubitalvenous blood samples without anticoagulant were centrifuged to obtain the serum. Results: Paraoxonase is presentin the blood on the HDL and it can break down the oxidized LDL to non-harmful products therefore the activity of HDLand LDL was determined along with other two parameters. It was observed that the cardiac male patients had lowactivity of PON and HDL as compared to normal. Whereas activity of SGOT and LDL was lower in normal subjects ascompared to the cardiac male patients. The activity of PON and HDL (56.86±0.94 U/ml), (14.58±0.14 mg/dl) is lowerin cardiac male patients as compared to normal (241±0.85 U/ml), (46.66±1.10 mg/dl)respectively, while SGOT (219.0±2U/ml and LDL (177.3±4.73 mg/dl) was greater as compared to the control (24.78±2.32 U/ml) and (119.2±1.08 mg/dl)respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that there was an inverse correlation between serum PON and SGOT.