Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Method Research Articles

Correlation of Serum IL-1β Level in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Disease Severity Parameters

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory, chronic disorder, characterized by prolonged inflammation of the synovial joints, with ultimate destruction of joints, high concentrations of IL-1β in the synovial fluid and serum RA patients correlated with RA incidence. This study was conducted to compare IL-1β concentration in serum from patients with RA and healthy controls with the correlation parameter being related to markers indicating disease severity. A case-control study enrolled 71 patients with RA and 46 healthy controls from an Iraqi Arab population. In the present study, the level of serum IL-1β was detected using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay method of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). This study found a correlation between the serum level of IL-1β and DAS28-CRP severity among RA patients (p=0.065). Furthermore, the serum level of IL-1β was significantly increased in RA patients compared to the level noted in the healthy group (p=0.039). Moreover, the results demonstrated a very weak correlation between the IL-1β level with CRP, ESR, and ACCP (r=0.079, r=0.059, r=0.080), respectively. In conclusion, the current study showed a correlation between the serum level of IL-1β and RA disease severity (DAS28) among the Iraqi Arab population, additionally, the study noted a very weak correlation between the IL-1β level with CRP, ESR, and ACCP.

Clinical significance of S100B protein in pregnant woman with early- onset severe preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is one of the most feared complications of pregnancy, which can progress rapidly to serious complications such as death of both mother and fetus. To present, the leading cause of preeclampsia is still debated. The purpose of this article was to explore the clinical significance of S100B protein, a kind of Ca2+ -sensor protein, in the early-onset severe preeclampsia. Nine pregnant women with early-onset severe preeclampsia (the study group) and 13 healthy pregnant women (the control group) were included in this study. The level of S100B in the amniotic fluid, maternal blood, and umbilical cord blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) methods. Diagnostic values of S100B for early-onset severe preeclampsia were assessed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The levels of S100B in maternal blood and amniotic fluid in the study group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that S100B detected by SPRi method (SPRi-S100B) showed a cut-off level of 181 ng/mL with sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 84.6%, and a Youden index of 0.846 in the maternal blood, which had better clinical significance and diagnostic value (at than that detected by ELISA (ELISA-S100B). The levels of S100B detected by SPRi in maternal blood can indicate early-onset severe preeclampsia and perinatal brain injury.

IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-17 in the Development of Erosive Esophagitis and Symptom Perception in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Background: The diverse clinical characteristics of erosive esophagitis (EE) and symptom perception in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remain a major challenge in understanding their underlying pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between the levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-17 in serum and the presence of erosive esophagitis and symptoms related to GERD. Method: We enrolled 65 subjects presenting with GERD symptoms. Based on the findings of upper endoscopy, the subjects were categorized into two groups: (1) erosive esophagitis (EE LA grades B-D) and (2) non-erosive esophagitis (normal-EE LA grade A). Symptom perception was assessed via GERD questionnaire (GERD-Q) and the frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to analyze serum levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-17. Analysis of cytokine levels between different symptoms severity was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: Median serum IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the erosive esophagitis group compared to those with non-erosive esophagitis (20.2 (IQR 16.9–32.2) vs. 17.7 (IQR 15.2–19.6), p &lt; 0.05). The study found a significant association between IL-8 levels and the presence of globus symptoms (median IL8 level 46.961 (38.622–92.644) in subjects with globus vs. 18.06 (16.68–20.49) in those without globus; p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, TNF-α levels were associated with the frequency of regurgitation symptoms (H index = 10.748; dr = 3; p &lt; 0.05). We observed a significant correlation between IL-17 levels and the frequency of heartburn and early satiety symptoms. Conclusions: IL-8 may play a role in the development of mucosal erosion in GERD. IL-8, TNF- α, and IL-17 might be involved in the development of globus symptoms, the frequency of regurgitation, and the frequency of heartburn and early satiety, respectively. The diverse symptom phenotypes observed in patients with GERD symptoms may be mediated by distinct profiles of proinflammatory cytokines.

A Lincomycin-Specific Antibody Was Developed Using Hapten Prediction, and an Immunoassay Was Established to Detect Lincomycin in Pork and Milk.

Prolonged consumption of animal-derived foods containing high levels of lincomycin (LIN) residues can adversely impact human health. Therefore, it is essential to develop specific antibodies and immunoassay methods for LIN. This study utilized computational chemistry to predict the efficacy of LIN haptens prior to chemical synthesis, with subsequent confirmation obtained through an immunization experiment. A hybridoma cell line named LIN/1B11 was established, which is specific to LIN. The optimized indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) method exhibited high specificity for detecting LIN residues, with an IC50 value of 0.57 ± 0.03 µg/kg. The method effectively detected LIN residues in pork and milk samples, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.81 to 1.20 µg/kg and a limit of quantification (LOQ) ranging from 2.09 to 2.29 µg/kg, with recovery rates between 81.9% and 108.8%. This study offers a valuable tool for identifying LIN residues in animal-derived food products. Furthermore, the efficient hapten prediction method presented herein improves antibody preparation efficiency and provides a simple method for researchers in screening haptens.

Evaluation of serum fibronectin levels and fibronectin gene polymorphism in patients receiving intravesical BCG therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and its prognostic value

BackgroundBladder cancer continues to be a significant health issue, leading to ongoing research into novel biomarkers and treatment strategies. This study aims to evaluate the potential of serum fibronectin levels and fibronectin gene polymorphisms as biomarkers for predicting the recurrence and treatment response in patients with NMIBC undergoing intravesical BCG therapy.MethodsBetween June 2022 and December 2022, data of 73 patients who applied to the Mersin University Urology Clinic due to NMIBC and were followed and treated in our clinic, receiving intravesical BCG treatment, when necessary, as well as 56 individuals without any malignancy, were prospectively examined. Serum fibronectin levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. PCR testing was applied for the fibronectin gene RS10202709 and RS 35,343,655 gene polymorphisms by using Real-Time PCR.ResultsThe mean serum fibronectin level in the patient group was 76.794 ± 66.998ng/ml. Simultaneously, it was 50.486 ± 25.156ng/ml in the control group, and these differences in serum fibronectin levels were statistically significant(p = 0.003). Out of the 73 patients included in the study, recurrence of bladder cancer was observed in 53 of them. They were divided into two groups based on the recurrence times: early recurrence and late recurrence. The mean fibronectin level in the early recurrence group was 102 ± 86.1 ng/ml, while it was 44.7 ± 11.8 ng/ml in the late recurrence group. Emphasize the significance of the higher fibronectin levels in the early recurrence group by stating, patients with early recurrence exhibited significantly higher serum fibronectin levels compared to those with late recurrence (p < 0.001), suggesting a potential role for fibronectin as a prognostic biomarker.ConclusionsThe statistically higher concentrations of serum fibronectin levels in patients with bladder cancer observed in our study are a noteworthy finding. These findings suggest that serum fibronectin levels could serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for early recurrence in NMIBC patients, although their predictive value for BCG treatment response remains limited.

Heparin-Bead Extraction Enhanced Fluorogenic Aptamer-Thrombin Composite Reporter Enables Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Functional Antithrombin.

Antithrombin (AT) deficiency in the extracorporeal circulation during cardiac surgery leads to uncontrolled inflammation and vascular damage in patients. AT levels decrease in sepsis, major trauma, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and eclampsia. Monitoring plasma AT levels facilitates the accurate restoration of AT to baseline values through precise supplementation. Traditional methods of chromogenic assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits encounter challenges, such as interference, inconsistency, and delayed response times, making real-time, reliable antithrombin monitoring a clinical gap. To address this critical need, we develop a heparin-bead extraction enhanced fluoroGenic aptamer-thrombin composite reporter (HExGATOR) for the rapid, sensitive, and precise detection of functional AT in plasma. Our design employs thrombin-binding aptamers and a fluorescence "turn on" technology such that a signal is produced upon the interaction of AT with the otherwise "turned off" aptamer-thrombin complex. The prominent signal-background interference originating from plasma is remarkably diminished by using a heparin-bead solid-phase extraction of AT. We achieved highly sensitive and rapid detection of AT in 5 to 20 min with a limit of detection of 15.11 nM. This approach offers a promising alternative to traditional AT tests in clinical settings, potentially facilitating personalized anticoagulant therapy.

Development of Smallpox Antibody Testing and Surveillance Following Smallpox Vaccination in the Republic of Korea.

Background: Despite its global eradication in 1977, smallpox remains a concern owing to its potential as a biological agent, thereby prompting the ongoing development and utilization of its vaccine. Vaccination with the Vaccinia virus induces immunity against variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox; however, this immunity does not extend to viruses of different genera within the Poxviridae family. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method utilizing Vaccinia virus and recombinant A27L antigen for detecting antibodies against smallpox. Methods. An analysis of the serum from 20 individuals pre- and post-vaccination with the CJ strain (CJ50300) revealed neutralizing antibodies, which were confirmed using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The ELISA method, validated with a PRNT50 cut-off value of >4, exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of >95% and was particularly reactive with the inactivated virus. Furthermore, adherence to the smallpox vaccination policy revealed significant differences in Orthopoxvirus antibody levels among 300 individuals of different age groups. These findings highlight the reliability and efficacy of the ELISA method in detecting post-vaccination antibodies and contribute significantly to diagnostic methods to prepare for potential smallpox resurgence and bioterrorism threats.

Prostaglandin E2 signaling through prostaglandin E receptor subtype 2 and Nurr1 induces fibroblast growth factor 23 production

Bone cells produce fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a hormone regulating renal phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis, and a paracrine factor produced in further tissues. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disorders are associated with early elevations of plasma FGF23 levels associated with clinical outcomes. FGF23 production is dependent on many conditions including inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a major eicosanoid with a broad role in pain, inflammation, and fever. Moreover, it regulates renal blood flow, renin secretion, natriuresis as well as bone formation through prostaglandin E receptor 2 (EP2). Here, we studied the role of PGE2 and its signaling for the production of FGF23. Osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were exposed to EP receptor agonists, antagonists or RNAi. Wild type and EP2 knockout mice were treated with stable EP2 agonist misoprostol. Fgf23 or Nurr1 gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR, hormone and further blood parameters by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric methods. PGE2 and EP2 agonists misoprostol and butaprost enhanced FGF23 production in UMR-106 cells, effects mediated by EP2 and transcription factor Nurr1. A single dose of misoprostol up-regulated bone Fgf23 expression and FGF23 serum levels in wild type mice with subtle effects on parameters of mineral metabolism only. Compared to wild type mice, the FGF23 effect of misoprostol was significantly lower in EP2-deficient mice. To conclude, PGE2 signaling through EP2 and Nurr1 induces FGF23 production. Given the broad physiological and pathophysiological implications of PGE2 signaling, this effect is likely of clinical relevance.

Investigating the influence of estrous cycle-dependent hormonal changes on neurogenesis in adult mice

ObjectiveNeurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain. Sex hormones play an essential role in the development of the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurogenic changes in the brain at different phases of the estrous cycle in adult mice. Materials and methodsFemale NMRI mice were divided into four groups: 1- Estrous, 2- Proestrous, 3- Metestrous, and 4- Diestrous. Different stages of the estrous cycle were determined by staining of vaginal smears. The level of estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) hormones was evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor) BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF)) genes in hippocampal and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in subventricular zone (SVZ) tissue were evaluated. ResultsThe serum estrogen and FSH increased significantly in Proestrous group (p < 0.001). Also, progesterone and prolactin hormones were significantly increased in the Diaestrus group (p < 0.001). The expression levels of BDNF, NGF, and CNTF significantly increased in the hippocampal tissue of Proestrous and Diaestrus groups (p < 0.001). The number of GFAP+ cells in SVZ of the Proestrous and Diestrous groups had a significant increase (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001). ConclusionOur data showed that Changes in sex hormones, especially estrogen in the estrous cycle, can cause the production of new neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampus and SVZ. Therefore, the increase in neurotrophic factors in the Proestrus and Diestrus leads to neurogenesis in adult mice brains.

Associations between dietary patterns and parameters of ovarian reserve in Polish women of reproductive age.

Research investigating the association between reproductive health and diet has predominantly focused on the antenatal and prenatal periods, as well as childbirth in women, and semen quality in men. There is a limited amount of research addressing female fertility assessed as ovarian reserve in relation to diet. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and the parameters of ovarian reserve, such as antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2) - predictors of reproductive health in women of childbearing age. Women aged 24-39 years (N = 511) were enrolled from fertility clinic in central Poland. The count of antral follicles was determined using ultrasonography (USG), FSH and E2 levels were measured using a chemilumi- nescence method and for determination of AMH level, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was employed. Diet was assessed according to food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Women were classified into 3 groups according to scores of each dietary pattern: Western, mixed, prudent. Higher adherence to the prudent dietary pattern in obese women was associated with significantly higher AFC (p = 0.03) and AMH (p = 0.05) as compared to participants with the Western dietary pattern. The results were adjusted for age, BMI, smoking and duration of fertility. Increased consumption of mixed dietary pattern was not statistically significant associated with any of examined ovarian reserve parameters. The prudent dietary pattern is positively associated with ovarian reserve in a cohort of women seeking fertility care. Continued research in this area will provide nutritional guidance for clinicians and their patients and provide novel insight on potential modifiable lifestyle factors which can be associated with ovarian reserve. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(4):411-20.

Detection and differentiation of antinuclear antibodies in serum of dengue suspected patients with or without systemic autoimmune disease in Kolkata, India

ABSTRACT The pathophysiology of dengue may be influenced by antibodies released during infection. Several autoimmune diseases are accompanied by antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) but 8–10% of the general population have positive ANA tests. To test the hypothesis that an ANA-positive test indicates an immune dysregulated state that modifies the risk for certain clinical disorders in people with or without an autoimmune disease, we examined the various ANA profiles and their relationships to various autoimmune disorders, as well as the severity of these relationships, in patients infected with dengue fever. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods were used. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and line immunoassay (LIA) were performed to detect and differentiate the ANAs among dengue infected patients. Out of 135 dengue virus-positive patients, 94.07% were positive by ELISA and 5.93% positive by RT-PCR method. ANAs by IIFA and LIA were detected in 54.8% and 18.5% of the dengue positive patients, respectively, and 10.3% and 7.1% of the 126 dengue negative patients, respectively. This study showed that dengue was associated with an increased risk of autoimmune myositis and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), a rare complication of dengue. The risk of other autoimmune diseases did not seem to increase after DENV infection.

Evaluation of Inflammatory Status in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and a Comparison Between Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

Introduction Inflammation is a common denominator in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is not explained by the pre-morbid risk factors and can lead to atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular mortality. We have compared inflammatory markers like high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with CKD undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) in both pre-dialysis phase at baseline and post-dialysis phase at three months to determine which dialysis has a more inflammatory burden on the patient. Materials and methods Fifty CKD patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who fulfilled eligibility criteria were recruited in this prospective observational study over two years. We measured levels of IL-6, hs-CRP, serum albumin, and body mass index (BMI) in both pre-dialysis and post-dialysis phases. Our results were obtained by analyzing 50 patients of ESRD who were planned for renal replacement therapy in the form of bridge dialysis, out of which 25 were put on HD and CAPD each. Pre-dialysis assessment was done at baseline and post-dialysis at three months. Each group served as its own control. IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were performed using commercially available kits employing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results Inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-6) were elevated in both the pre-dialysis and post-dialysis phases of CKD, regardless of the dialysis modality. hs-CRP was significantly elevated in the HD group as compared to the CAPD group; however, the difference in IL-6 between the two groups was not significant. Albumin and BMI were significantly low in both groups from baseline, with patients on HD exhibiting lower albumin than the CAPD group, although the result was insignificant. Conclusion Markers of inflammation, like hs-CRP and low albumin, are more pronounced in HD than in CAPD. We conclude that the inflammatory burden is higher in patients undergoing HD.

Preparation of monoclonal antibody against rhoifolin and its application in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of rhoifolin and diosmin

Both rhoifolin and diosmin belong to flavonoids, which are widely present in citrus. Diosmin is not only used in the medical field in the world, but also used as a dietary supplement in the United States. Rhoifolin has a similar structure to diosmin and also exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, an anti-rhoifolin monoclonal antibody was prepared and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) method was established. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of icELISA was determined to be 4.83 ng/mL, and the detection range was 0.97–33.87 ng/mL. The results of UPLC-MS/MS and icELISA generally demonstrate consistency. Moreover, by exploiting the cross-reactivity of the antibody, diosmin in tablets can be detected by icELISA. The results demonstrate that the developed method has good accuracy, reproducibility, and broad application prospects.

Correlation vitamin D [25(Oh)D3] with neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in cervical cancer patient

Vitamin D [25(OH)D3] levels are currently associated with clinical inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). They are used to monitor the development of cervical cancer. Aim of this study was analyze the correlation of vitamin D [25(OH)D3] levels with NLR values and CRP levels in cervical cancer patients. Vitamin D is expected to be an alternative treatment for cervical cancer. This study was analytical observational with a cross-sectional design conduct at Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang in January-March 2024. [25(OH)D3] level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, CRP levels were checked with the ADVIA centaur device using the principle of chemiluminescence and combined with immunoassay technology and NLR value was calculated manually. Total sample was 40 cervical cancer patients aged 35-60 years old. Mean±SD results of vitamin D [25(OH)D3] levels, NLR values, and CRP levels were 12.0±5.5 ng/ml; 5.0±1.2; 5.5±2.0 mg/dL. Correlation tests between vitamin D [25(OH)D3] levels with NLR values and CRP levels were sequentially obtained (p=0.036; r=-0.333) and CRP (p=0.000; r=-0.588). Result in this study conclude that Vitamin D [25(OH)D3] levels and NLR values showed a weak negative correlation. A moderate negative correlation exists between vitamin D [25(OH)D3] and CRP level.

Synergistic Role of the AuAg-Fe3O4 Nanoenzyme for Ultrasensitive Immunoassay of Dengue Virus.

A combination of magnetic and noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) has recently emerged as a potential substance for rapid and sensitive immunosorbent assays. However, to make the assay an alternative method for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the individual role of each nanoparticle must be explored properly. In this work, an immunoassay has been proposed using two antibody-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) and gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles (AuAgNPs) to enhance the sensitivity of virus detection by colorimetric TMB/H2O2 signal amplification. A synergistic effect is monitored between Fe3O4NPs and AuAgNPs, which is explored for colorimetric virus detection. The sensor exploits the synergistic effect between the nanoparticles to successfully detect a wide range of dengue virus-like particle (DENV-LP) concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 pg/mL with a detection limit of up to 2.6 fg/mL. In the presence of a target DENV-LP, a sandwich-like structure is formed, which restricts the electron transfer and the associated synergistic effect between the nanoparticles, restricting the TMB oxidation process. Therefore, the synergistic effect is the key to the present work, which accounts for the enhanced rate of the enzymatic reaction on TMB and makes the current method of virus detection more sensitive and reliable compared to the others.

Nanotechnology in the sports athlete community based on its application in doping detection: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

This study examines the effectiveness and accuracy of nanotechnology applications in doping detection within the athlete community. Nanotechnology offers a novel approach with potential in detecting doping substances more efficiently and accurately. The method used in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and meta-analysis, with articles selected from the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases covering the years 2020-2024. The selection process employs the PRISMA method and includes only research articles relevant to the topic. A total of 13 studies were selected for further analysis. The meta-analysis results indicate that the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) methods provide highly accurate and reliable results in doping detection. No significant differences were found between the use of serum and urine as test samples. Additionally, nanocomposite sensors proved to be more effective than regular sensors in detecting doping substances with high accuracy. Key findings from the results include no significant effect distinguishing between the DPV and ELISA methods (Z = 0.53, P = 0.60), no significant heterogeneity among the studies analyzed concerning serum and urine (Chi² = 0.90, df = 2, P = 0.64; Tau² = 0.00), and nanocomposite sensors proving to be more effective than regular sensors (Z = 4.14, P &lt; 0.0001; I² = 0%). In conclusion, nanotechnology has great potential to enhance doping detection in sports. The use of nanomaterials and nanosensors can improve the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in detecting doping substances, making it a highly effective tool for maintaining the integrity and health of athletes. This study provides a strong foundation for the development of more efficient and effective nanotechnology-based doping detection technologies in the future. Keywords: Nanotechnology, doping, sensors, sports, athletes.

The Effect of Anesthesia Method on Melatonin Level and Its Relationship With Postpartum Depression ın Cesarean Section Patients.

Objective Our studyaimed to establish the effects of anesthetic agents used in cesarean sections on melatonin levels and to evaluate the possible association between melatonin levels and postpartum depression. Materials and methods Our study was approved by the Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Ethics Committee (approval number: 25.07.2017 11/11). We included 231 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45 who were admitted for a cesarean section to Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic. The pregnant women were divided into three groups that underwent general, spinal, and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, respectively. These approaches were determined by the preference of the attending anesthesiologist. On the postoperative first day at 5:00 am, peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from the subjects for melatonin level measurement. Samples were centrifuged and kept in -80 °C until the testing for melatonin with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. In order to determine the depression status, the subjects were evaluated with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Results Of all the anesthesia typesgiven to the subjects, 16% was combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, 18.2% was general anesthesia, and 65.8% was spinal anesthesia. According to the scale, 68% of the subjects had no depression and 32% had depression. The depression rate in subjects who underwent general anesthesia was significantly higher than in other groups (p<0.001). The association between the anesthesia method and melatonin levels had no statistically significant difference (p=0.53). The association between depression status and melatonin levels had no statistically significant difference among the two groups (p=0.097). Conclusion We aimed to evaluate the effect of the chosen anesthesia method on postoperative melatonin levels and postpartum depression and found that the chosen method of anesthesia does not affect postoperative melatonin levels significantly but the usage of general anesthesia significantly raises the postpartum depression rate among subjects. We also did not find any correlation between postoperative melatonin levels and postpartum depression.

Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in opium users by strain echocardiography.

Heart failure is known as a health problem in the world due to its mortality and burdens on the health care system. Studies remain controversial about the effect of opium usage on systolic heart function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare systolic left ventricular function in opium users with non-addict people by strain echocardiography and its association with serum apelin level. This case-control study was conducted in 2022 at Shafa Hospital in Kerman, Iran, on 50 opium users who referred to the addiction treatment centres and had no history of other substance usage. The addiction is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and a history of opium consumption for at least 3years. Fifty healthy people (non-opium users) who were matched in terms of age and sex were enrolled as a control group. Demographic information of the participants, including age, gender and amount of opium usage, was recorded by questionnaire. Citrated blood samples were taken from all participants in the study, and serum apelin was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. They underwent transthoracic echocardiography by an expert cardiologist using the same device (Philips Affiniti 50). Echocardiographic systolic parameters have been recorded and compared between the two groups. In this study, 100 participants, including 50 opium users and 50 non-opium users (as a control group), were investigated. The mean age was 36.4±5.08 in the opium users' group and 34.14±7.2 in the control group. As both groups were matched, there were 8 (16%) women and 42 (84%) men in each of the two groups. The mean amount of ejection fraction (EF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were significantly lower in opium users than in the control group (P<0.001). The results also demonstrated that the serum level of apelin in the addicted persons was lower when compared with the non-addicted persons (3.4 vs. 9.7; P<0.001). Evaluation of systolic left ventricular function in opium users by strain echocardiography showed that opium affects the systolic function of the heart, as observed by a significant reduction in EF and GLS. So opium usage can be considered a risk factor for heart failure and needs more attention in preventive cardiology.

In situ growth of double-hybrid nanoflowers on paper for the visual detection of carcinoembryonic antigen

In this study, the hemoglobin, egg white, copper phosphate organic–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (H-E-Cu-NFs), and filter paper-based-egg white-Ca3(PO4)2 HNFs (FP-E-Ca-NFs) were synthesized using a mild biomineralization method. Antibodies (Ab) were labeled on the surface of nanoflowers through highly specific interactions between avidin and biotin. The FP-E-Ca-NFs@Biotin N-hydroxysuccinimide ester–Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen primary antibodies (Biotin-NHS-Ab1)/carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)/H-E-Cu-NFs@Biotin-NHS-Ab2 immune-biosensing system was constructed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to achieve the visual detection of CEA. Among them, H-E-Cu-NFs have abundant enzyme-like catalytic sites of Fe3+/Cu2+, which can effectively improve the efficiency of the colorimetric reaction. In contrast, E-Ca-NFs have no catalytic sites, and the directional design of catalytic performance realizes the specific identification and signal amplification of CEA detection. The as-developed immune-biosensing system showed a detection range of 0.5 ∼ 100 ng/mL, with the lowest detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL and the CEA recovery between 89.5 % ∼ 108.1 % in human serum samples. Compared to traditional ELISA methods, this immune-biosensing system has the advantages of easy operation, low cost, rapid detection, and on-site detection.

Development of an indirect ELISA to detect antigens using DNA origami nanoantenna labeled specific monoclonal antibodies

This research examines the development of an indirect ELISA to detect antigens using DNA origami nanoantenna-labeled specific monoclonal antibodies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the five most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. More than 60% of cases are detected in the late stage, with the absence of specific symptoms in the early stage of the disease. Adding measurements of AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein), TXN (Thioredoxin), and DCP (Des-γ-Carboxy Prothrombin) has the potential to improve the accuracy of diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. DNA origami technology is revolutionizing the forefront of cancer diagnostics, particularly for HCC. In this study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method targeting the assessment of the effectiveness of specific monoclonal antibody-conjugated DNA origami particles was developed. The results of DNA origami folding into complex nanostructures and labeled biomarkers like AFP, DCP, and TXN have explored the high specificity and sensitivity for targeting HCC. We found the cut-off values for AFP, DCP, and TXN to be 0.132, 0.156, and 0.150, respectively. The coefficients of variation for samples remained consistently under 10%, indicating the method's high degree of stability and reproducibility. This innovation, combined with biomarkers, promised in early HCC detection, holds the potential to significantly enhance patient outcomes in the fight against liver cancer. The platform also has enormous potential for advancing personalized medicine.