Enzyme Carrier Research Articles

Aquasomes: A Nanoparticulate approach for the Delivery of Drug

Aquasomes are one of the most recently developed delivery systems that are found a niche as peptide and protein carriers. Aquasomes are recently developed delivery systems for bioactive molecules like peptides, proteins, hormones, antigens, and genes to specific sites. The delivery system has been successfully utilized for the delivery of insulin, hemoglobin, and enzymes like serratiopeptidase, etc. Aquasomes are nanoparticles made up of calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond coated with a polyhydroxyoligomeric film. They are round nanoparticulate drug delivery systems of around 60-300 nm in size with three layered self-assembled structures. The solid core provides structural stability, while the carbohydrate coating protects against dehydration and stabilizes the biochemically active molecules. Aquasomes can also be referred to as "bodies of water". These water-like characteristics of aquasomes shield and retain delicate biological molecules. Aquasomes are prepared in three steps such as the development of the core, coating of the core, and the loading of the drug. Enzyme activity and sensitivity towards molecular conformation made aquasome a novel carrier for enzymes like DNases and pigment/dyes. The market potential and prospects of aquasomes are given in the article. This review article also includes a brief introduction to aquasomes, method of preparation, advantages, and disadvantages, evaluation parameters, and applications of aquasomes.

Adsorption immobilization of enzymes on alginates: properties and use of drugs based on them. Short review

Despite the widespread use of enzymes in various industries, primarily in food industry, leather, pharmaceuticals, cosmetology and biomedicine, their low stability and lack of reusability limit their use. Immobilization of enzymes, i.e. limitation of the degrees of freedom of their molecules by fixing them on some carrier can help overcome these limitations. However, interactions with the support and immobilization technique can affect the catalytic ability of enzymes. In this study, we briefly summarized the information on methods for immobilizing enzymes on alginic acid and its derivatives and focused on adsorption immobilization and the use of such enzyme preparations immobilized on alginates. Alginic acid is an unbranched heterogeneous copolymer consisting of 1,4-linked β-D-mannuronic acid and α-L-guluronic acid residues. Immobilization of enzymes on alginates often improves their stability and allows the reuse of biocatalysts. The adsorption of enzymes on alginic acid matrices and its derivatives is an effective process in terms of immobilization yield, i.e. the proportion of protein adsorbed on the carrier often exceeds 50%. Availability, biocompatibility, resistance to microbial contamination, non-toxicity and low cost make this polysaccharide a promising candidate for use as an enzyme carrier. In addition, the intrinsic biological activity of alginic acid makes it promising as a component for the creation of biocatalysts for medical or food purposes. Composites obtained from natural alginate by and their combination with other materials, both organic and inorganic, open up many new applications for immobilized enzymes. The study examines the possibilities of using enzymes immobilized on alginate or composites, widely used in the food industry. The final part of the article presents the main conclusions and also discusses the limitations of the industrial application of alginate carriers and possible ways to solve them.

Lipase‐catalyzed production of biodiesel: a critical review on feedstock, enzyme carrier and process factors

AbstractBiodiesel is a green and renewable alternative energy source which can be produced through lipase‐catalyzed transesterification process. Enzymatic biodiesel production has generated much interest owing to its environmentally friendly process, low wastewater treatment requirements and easy product separation. In this work, we attempt to review some of the recent patents and state‐of‐the‐art technology in lipase‐catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production including feedstock, lipases, novel carriers and process factors. This work will provide useful guidance for researchers to develop cost efficient process for production of biodiesels.

The apoptotic body membrane derived from T lymphocytes is used as an enzyme carrier to treat ischemic stroke

Stroke is a high-morbidity central nervous system disease. Its complex pathological process often leads to impaired consciousness, disability and even death. Currently, stroke is treated mainly by thrombolysis, and treatment for its complications, and treatment for pathological processes within the stroke lesion is lacking. This is mainly because most drugs are unable to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach the site of injury to exert their therapeutic effects. Therefore, this study aims to develop biomimetic nanocladding devices capable of crossing the BBB, targeting the site of injury, and blocking the pathological process. Since the injury site is a highly inflammatory area, we selected the apoptotic body membrane (ABm) of activated T cells with inflammatory targeting ability to prepare biomimetic nanocladding devices (BND) and use them as the carriers to carry catalase (CAT) (BND-CAT) for the treatment of stroke rats. The results show that BND can not only target inflammatory lesions, but also regulate the transformation of microglia subtypes, thereby inhibiting inflammation within the lesions. In addition, BND-CAT could also inhibit oxidative stress, protect the mitochondria, increase the ATP content in the lesion, suppress the endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ultimately inhibit the apoptosis of neurons in the lesion.

Biomimetic Metal-Pyrimidine Nanoflowers: Enzyme Immobilization Platforms with Boosted Activity.

For the enzyme immobilization platform, enhancing enzyme activity retention while improving enzyme stability remains a challenge for sensitive sensing analysis. Herein, an in situ biomimetic immobilized enzyme carrier (metal-pyrimidine nanoflowers, MPNFs) synthesized by the coordination of DNA base derivative (2-aminopyrimidine) with Zn2+ in the aqueous phase at room temperature is developed. The biocompatibility of 2-aminopyrimidine and the hydrophilicity and green synthetic conditions of MPNFs allows the immobilized enzymes to retain above 91.2% catalytic activity. On this basis, a cascade catalytic platform is constructed by simultaneously immobilizing acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline oxidase (CHO), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in MPNFs (AChE/CHO/HRP@MPNFs) for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) colorimetric biosensing detection. The assay could specifically detect parathion-methyl within 13min with a wider linear range (0.1-1000.0nm) and a lower limit of detection (LOD) (0.032nm). The remarkable stability of the immobilized enzymes is also achieved under harsh environments, room temperature storage, and recycling. Furthermore, a portable and cost-effective biosensing platform is developed by integrating AChE/CHO/HRP@MPNFs with a smartphone-assisted paper device for the on-site detection of OPs. Overall, the high catalytic activity retention and the enhanced detection performance demonstrate that MPNF is a robust carrier in enzyme immobilization and holds great promise in biosensing and other field applications.

Synthesis and Utilisation of Hybrid Metal-Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme Carrier System for Soil Biocementation

Biocementation is an emerging nature-inspired method of producing eco-friendly cement for soil stabilization. This paper used the bovine-derived carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme to catalyse the bioprecipitation of CaCO3 in a fine-grained soil and thus to biocement the soil. To increase the efficiency of the CA, an innovative copper–carbonic anhydrase (CA) hybrid was fabricated. This study is a proof-of-concept of the potential application of these enzyme carriers for soil biocementation. The hybrid carriers are aimed to enhance the stability, recovery and reusability of the enzyme used in the biocementation process. The results showed that the fabricated copper phosphate-based inorganic hybrid was stable throughout the duration of the tests (2 months) and under a wide range of pH and temperatures. Its enzymatic activity was enhanced compared to the free CA enzyme and it was proved suitable for soil biocementation. This was further confirmed by the SEM analysis. Additionally, the treated soil with the formulated hybrid carrier showed improved unconfined compressive strength, especially when the carriers were implemented into the soil by mixing. The material analysis by Raman spectroscopy confirmed calcium carbonate as the primary precipitate, consistent with soil biocementation. Overall, this innovative method of delivery of enzymes with enhanced stability and activity shows promise that, upon further development, it can be successfully used to increase the efficiency and sustainability of the biocementation process.

Impact of Crystallinity on Enzyme Orientation and Dynamics upon Biomineralization in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Aqueous-phase co-crystallization (also known as biomimetic mineralization or biomineralization) is a unique way to encapsulate large enzymes, enzyme clusters, and enzymes with large substrates in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), broadening the application of MOFs as enzyme carriers. The crystallinity of resultant enzyme@MOF biocomposites, however, can be low, raising a concern about how MOF crystal packing quality affects enzyme performance upon encapsulation. The challenges to overcome this concern are (1) the limited database of enzyme performance upon biomineralization in different aqueous MOFs and (2) the difficulty in probing enzyme restriction and motion in the resultant MOF scaffolds, which are related to the local crystal packing quality/density, under the interference of the MOF backgrounds. We have discovered several new aqueous MOFs for enzyme biomineralization with varied crystallinity [Jordahl, D.; Armstrong, Z.; Li, Q.; Gao, R.; Liu, W.; Johnson, K.; Brown, W.; Scheiwiller, A.; Feng, L.; Ugrinov, A.; Mao, H.; Chen, B.; Quadir, M.; Pan, Y.; Li, H.; Yang, Z. Expanding the Library of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Enzyme Biomineralization. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14 (46), 51619-51629, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12998]. Here, we address the second challenge by probing enzyme dynamics/restriction in these MOFs at the residue level via site-directed spin labeling (SDSL)-electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, a unique approach to determine protein backbone motions regardless of the background complexity. We encapsulated a model large-substrate enzyme, lysozyme, in eight newly discovered MOFs, which possess various degrees of crystallization, via aqueous-phase co-crystallization. Through the EPR study and simulations, we found rough connections between (a) enzyme mobility/dynamics and MOF crystal properties (packing quality and density) and (b) enzyme areas exposed above each MOF and their catalytic performance. This work suggests that protein SDSL and EPR can serve as an indicator of MOF crystal packing quality/density when biomineralized in MOFs. The method can be generalized to probing the dynamics of other enzymes on other solid surfaces/interfaces and guide the rational design of solid platforms (ca. MOFs) to customize enzyme immobilization.

Efficient removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from water and wastewater using immobilized laccase on activated carbon derived from pomegranate peels

In this study, pomegranate peels (PPs) as an abundant fruit processing waste was used to produce cost-effective, eco-friendly, and high-quality activated carbon. The produced carbon (fossil free activated carbon) was used for immobilizing laccase to remove a range of emerging pollutants namely diclofenac, amoxicillin, carbamazepine, and ciprofloxacin from water and wastewater. The loaded activated carbon by laccase (LMPPs) and the unloaded one (MPPs) were characterized using advanced surface chemistry analysis techniques. MPPs was found to have a porous structure with a large surface area and an abundance of acidic functional groups. Laccase immobilization reduced surface area but added active degradation sites. The optimal immobilization parameters were determined as pH 4, 35 °C, and a laccase concentration of 2.5 mg/mL resulting in a 69.8% immobilization yield. The adsorption of the emerging pollutant onto MPPs is best characterized as a spontaneous endothermic process that adheres to the Langmuir isotherm and first-order kinetics. Using synergistic adsorption and enzymatic degradation, the target pollutants (50 mg/L) were eliminated in 2 h. In both water types, LMPPs outperformed MPPs. This study shows that pomegranate peels can effectively be harnessed as an enzyme carrier and adsorbent for the removal of emerging pollutants even from a complex sample matrix. The removal of contaminants from wastewater lasted five cycles, whereas it continued up to six cycles for water.

Polymer-Grafted 3D-Printed Material for Enzyme Immobilization—Designing a Smart Enzyme Carrier

One way to enhance the flow properties of packed bed reactors, including efficient mass transfer and high catalyst conversion rates, is the use of 3D printing. By creating optimized structures that prevent channeling and high pressure drops, it is possible to achieve the desired target. Nevertheless, additively manufactured structures most often possess a limited surface-area-to-volume-ratio, especially as porous printed structures are not standardized yet. One way to achieve surface-enhanced 3D-printed structures is surface modification to introduce surface-initiated polymers. In addition, when stimuli-sensitive polymers are chosen, autonomous process control is prospective. The current publication deals with the application of surface-induced polymerization on 3D-printed structures with the subsequent application as an enzyme carrier. Surface-induced polymerization can easily increase the number of enzymes by a factor of six compared to the non-modified 3D-printed structure. In addition, the swelling behavior of polyacrylic acid is proven, even with immobilized enzymes, enabling smart reaction control. The maximum activity of Esterase 2 (Est2) from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius per g carrier, determined after 2 h of polymer synthesis, is 0.61 U/gsupport. Furthermore, universal applicability is shown in aqueous and organic systems, applying an Est2 and Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) catalyzed reaction and leaving space for improvement due to compatibility of the functionalization process and the here chosen organic solvent. Overall, no enzyme leaching is detectable, and process stability for at least five subsequent batches is ensured.

W/O Pickering emulsion catalytic system stabilised by acetylated arachin/chitosan nanoparticles as an efficient platform for the preparation of diacylglycerol‐rich soybean oil

SummaryPickering emulsions stabilised by nanoparticles are recognised as enzyme carriers, enabling advanced catalysis efficiency. Herein, we immobilised lipase on acetylated arachin nanoparticles/chitosan composites (AAPs/CS) through cross linking with glutaraldehyde (GDA) resulting in the formation of AAPs/CS‐Lipase to stabilise water in oil (W/O) Pickering emulsion catalytic systems (PEC). The specific activity of AAPs/CS‐Lipase was increased to 160% compared with free lipase (1.48 ± 0.02 U mg−1). Increasing the mass of CS led to an increase in the droplet size of W/O PEC from 2.53 ± 0.82 μm to 7.94 ± 1.24 μm. AAPs/CS‐Lipase decreased the interfacial tension and enhanced the interfacial viscosity of W/O PEC. The catalytic efficiency of W/O PEC is 2.75 times of biphasic catalytic system (BCS). The content of DAG exceeded 50% of the total oil. The specific activity of AAPs/CS‐Lipase remained above 70% even after 10 cycles. W/O PEC provided an efficient catalytic platform to prepare DAG‐rich soybean oil.

Evaluation of the alternating magnetic field (AMF) influence in catalytic activities of enzymes immobilized into magnetic graphene oxide: A new approach

The conventional methods of production of biofuels generate hazardous by-products, one way to reduce them, by using reusable enzymatic process that requires insoluble enzyme carriers. This investigation allowed the obtention of magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) carrier containing aminosilane functional groups with and without the crosslinker glutaraldehyde. Thus, it was possible to immobilize cellulases and lipases enzymes and evaluate its enzymatic activity in normal conditions, as well as the novelty that was under alternating magnetic field (AMF) conditions. Through enzymatic essays it was determined the optimal working activities for both enzymes using these two magnetic carriers, being pH 4 and 60ºC for cellulases and pH 5 and 50ºC for lipase. Different frequencies were used during AMF test (20, 30, 50 and 70 kHz) and it was confirmed for both groups that with the increase in frequency during the reaction, the less pronounced will be the activity decrease at pH values different from the optimal condition. Due to magnetic properties from the carrier and the medium reaction used the recycle test was satisfactory for the two immobilized groups of the cellulase enzyme, being recycled 9 times without losses greater than 50 % of relative activity. As for the two groups of immobilized lipases, drastic decreases in activity were observed, possibly caused by the strong enzyme/substrate interaction. For both groups of immobilized enzymes, an inhibitory behavior of the glutaraldehyde reagent, widely used as an enzyme/carrier cross-linker, was also observed. Nevertheless, the immobilization of cellulase and lipases enzymes into MGO derivates shows a promising and suitable strategy for the conversion of cellulose and long-chain acyl esters into value-added inputs.

NANOSPONGES: AS A DYNAMIC DRUG DELIVERY APPROACH FOR TARGETED DELIVERY

Recent advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in improved medicine delivery to the target site. Nanosponges are three-dimensional drug delivery systems that are nanoscale in size and created by cross-linking polymers. The introduction of Nanosponges has been a significant step toward overcoming issues such as drug toxicity, low bioavailability, and predictable medication release. Using a new way of nanotechnology, nanosponges, which are porous with small sponges (below one µm) flowing throughout the body, have demonstrated excellent results in delivering drugs. As a result, they reach the target place, attach to the skin's surface, and slowly release the medicine. Nanosponges can be used to encapsulate a wide range of medicines, including both hydrophilic and lipophilic pharmaceuticals. The medication delivery method using nanosponges is one of the most promising fields in pharmacy. It can be used as a biocatalyst carrier for vaccines, antibodies, enzymes, and proteins to be released. The existing study enlightens on the preparation method, evaluation, and prospective application in a medication delivery system and also focuses on patents filed in the field of nanosponges.

Artificial Organelles with Digesting Characteristics: Imitating Simplified Lysosome- and Macrophage-Like Functions by Trypsin-Loaded Polymersomes.

Defects in cellular protein/enzyme encoding or even in organelles are responsible for many diseases. For instance, dysfunctional lysosome or macrophage activity results in the unwanted accumulation of biomolecules and pathogens implicated in autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a medical treatment that replaces an enzyme that is deficient or absent in the body but suffers from short lifetime of the enzymes. Here, this work proposes the fabrication of two different pH-responsive and crosslinked trypsin-loaded polymersomes as protecting enzyme carriers mimicking artificial organelles (AOs). They allow the enzymatic degradation of biomolecules to mimic simplified lysosomal function at acidic pH and macrophage functions at physiological pH. For optimal working of digesting AOs in different environments, pH and salt composition are considered the key parameters, since they define the permeability of the membrane of the polymersomes and the access of model pathogens to the loaded trypsin. Thus, this work demonstrates environmentally controlled biomolecule digestion by trypsin-loaded polymersomes also under simulated physiological fluids, allowing a prolonged therapeutic window due to protection of the enzyme in the AOs. This enables the application of AOs in the fields of biomimetic therapeutics, specifically in ERT for dysfunctional lysosomal diseases.

Fate of the capping agent of biologically produced gold nanoparticles and adsorption of enzymes onto their surface

Enzymotherapy based on DNase I or RNase A has often been suggested as an optional strategy for cancer treatment. The efficacy of such procedures is limited e.g. by a short half-time of the enzymes or a low rate of their internalization. The use of nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), helps to overcome these limits. Specifically, biologically produced AuNPs represent an interesting variant here due to naturally occurring capping agents (CA) on their surface. The composition of the CA depends on the producing microorganism. CAs are responsible for the stabilization of the nanoparticles, and promote the direct linking of targeting and therapeutic molecules. This study provided proof of enzyme adsorption onto gold nanoparticles and digestion efficacy of AuNPs-adsorbed enzymes. We employed Fusarium oxysporum extract to produce AuNPs. These nanoparticles were round or polygonal with a size of about 5 nm, negative surface charge of about − 33 mV, and maximum absorption peak at 530 nm. After the adsorption of DNAse I, RNase A, or Proteinase K onto the AuNPs surface, the nanoparticles exhibited shifts in surface charge (values between − 22 and − 13 mV) and maximum absorption peak (values between 513 and 534 nm). The ability of AuNP-enzyme complexes to digest different targets was compared to enzymes alone. We found a remarkable degradation of ssDNA, and dsDNA by AuNP-DNAse I, and a modest degradation of ssRNA by AuNP-RNase A. The presence of particular enzymes on the AuNP surface was proved by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, we detected a remarkable digestion of collagen type I and fibrinogen by AuNP-proteinase K complexes. We concluded that the biologically produced AuNPs directly bound DNase I, RNase A, and proteinase K while preserving their ability to digest specific targets. Therefore, according to our results, AuNPs can be used as effective enzyme carriers and the AuNP-enzyme conjugates can be effective tools for enzymotherapy.

Improving Indigo Reduction to Leuco-Indigo by Glucose by Means of Direct Electron Transfer and Electron Carriers of Enzymes

Improving Indigo Reduction to Leuco-Indigo by Glucose by Means of Direct Electron Transfer and Electron Carriers of Enzymes

Dual-Enzyme Cascade Composed of Chitosan Coated FeS2 Nanozyme and Glucose Oxidase for Sensitive Glucose Detection.

Immobilizing enzymes with nanozymes to catalyze cascade reactions overcomes many of the shortcomings of biological enzymes in industrial manufacturing. In the study, glucose oxidases were covalently bound to FeS2 nanozymes as immobilization carriers while chitosan encapsulation increased the activity and stability of the immobilized enzymes. The immobilized enzymes exhibited a 10% greater increase in catalytic efficiency than the free enzymes while also being more stable and catalytically active in environments with an alkaline pH of 9.0 and a high temperature of 100 °C. Additionally, the FeS2 nanozyme-driven double-enzyme cascade reaction showed high glucose selectivity, even in the presence of lactose, dopamine, and uric acid, with a limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) as low as 1.9 × 10-6 M. This research demonstrates that nanozymes may be employed as ideal carriers for biological enzymes and that the nanozymes can catalyze cascade reactions together with natural enzymes, offering new insights into interactions between natural and synthetic biosystems.

Erythrocytes-camouflaged nanoparticles: a promising delivery system for drugs and vaccines

Erythrocytes-camouflaged nanoparticles is an in vivo delivery system that uses erythrocytes or erythrocyte membrane nano vesicles as carriers for drugs, enzymes, peptides and antigens. This system has the advantages of good biocompatibility, long circulation cycle and efficient targeting. This review summarizes the type of carriers, their development history, the application of delivery strategies as well as their limitations and future challenges. Lastly, future directions and key issues in the development of this system are discussed.

MOF-derived hierarchically ordered porous carbon for the immobilization of Eversa® Transform 2.0 and its post-immobilization hydrophobization in biodiesel production

MOF-derived carbon has extraordinary advantages including highly ordered morphology inherited from MOFs and improved chemical stability arising from its carbon nature, which may be a promising immobilized enzyme carrier. Herein, we prepared two MOF-derived carbon materials of different structures for the immobilization of lipase from Eversa® Transform 2.0 and systematically evaluated their application potential in biodiesel production system. Compared with C-C (derived from conventional microporous ZIF-8), 3DOM-C (derived from 3D ordered macro-microporous ZIF-8) exhibited superior immobilization performance with an 145.1% increase in enzyme loading and an 130.2% increase in activity. Moreover, lipase immobilized on 3DOM-C (3DOM-C@TLL) showed better catalytic performance than C-C@TLL, with faster conversion rate in lipase-mediated biodiesel production. Remarkably, the higher surface hydrophobicity of the 3DOM-C@TLL was proved to be the key factor in its improved catalytic performance. Meanwhile, we found that the affinity between immobilized enzyme molecules and water significantly weakened the hydrophobicity of C-C@TLL and 3DOM-C@TLL, which could be of adverse effect on their application in biodiesel production. To enhance the hydrophobicity of immobilized lipase biocatalyst, a facile post-immobilization hydrophobic modification strategy was proposed by coating the 3DOM-C@TLL with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The as obtained super hydrophobic 3DOM-C@TLL@PDMS biocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance in biodiesel production, with a much higher initial reaction rate, which was 3.3 folds of that catalyzed by C-C@TLL, and 1.8 folds of that catalyzed by 3DOM-C@TLL. This work shed light on the great potential of constructing MOF-derived hierarchically ordered porous carbon for enzyme immobilization in extensive practical applications.

Biomass-derived functional materials as carriers for enzymes: towards sustainable and robust biocatalysts

This review details the potential of BDFMs as promising carriers for enzymes for the design of sustainable and robust biocatalysts with improved activity, stability, and reusability.

Laccase immobilization on hierarchical micro/nano porous chitin/graphene oxide beads prepared via Pickering emulsion template for dye decolorization

Nowadays, the removal of dye molecules from water sources is a major environmental concern and challenge. Enzymatic degradation (biological) and adsorptive (physical) dye removal are considered to be the most effective dye removal techniques. Laccase catalysis is a reliable method to remove synthetic dyes from water to reduce environmental pollution, but free laccase has the disadvantages of low stability and non-reusability. In this study, stable Pickering emulsions were prepared using chitin (Ch) and graphene oxide (GO) composite solutions. Ch/GO composite aerogel beads with hierarchical porous structure were obtained by emulsion template method combined with freeze-drying, and then used for laccase immobilization and dye decolorization experiments. The results showed that the immobilized laccase had better thermal stability compared to the free enzyme, and it was found that the optimum pH of the immobilized laccase was 3.4 and the optimum temperature was 55 °C. In the cyclic decolorization experiments of acid Big Red GR, the decolorization rate of CH/GO-30 was maintained at 100% after 5 cycles of ABTS (2,2-biazo-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) by enzyme catalysis and carrier adsorption synergistically. The preparation of Ch/GO composite aerogel beads by the Pickering emulsion template method is simple and green, without the use of surfactants, avoiding secondary pollution to the environment, and has potential industrial applications in the decolorization and biodegradation of dye wastewater.