Environmental Stress Factors Research Articles

Comorbid Conditions in Persons Exposed to Ionizing Radiation and Veterans of the Soviet-Afghan War: A Cohort Study in Kazakhstan.

This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of comorbid conditions in patients exposed to ionizing radiation and those who were involved in the Soviet-Afghan war. This study analyzed the frequency and spectrum of morbidity and comorbidity in patients over a long-term period (30-35 years) following exposure to ionizing radiation at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site or the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, and among participants of the Soviet-Afghan war. A cohort study, both prospective and retrospective, was conducted on 675 patients who underwent comprehensive examinations. Numerical data were analyzed using the Statistica 6 program. The results are presented as the mean±standard deviation, median, and interquartile range (25-75th percentiles). The statistical significance of between-group differences was assessed using the Student t-test and Pearson chi-square test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We found a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension (55.0%) and cardiac ischemia (32.9%); these rates exceeded the average for this age group in the general population. The cumulative impact of causal occupational, environmental, and ultra-high stress factors in the combat zone in participants of the Soviet-Afghan war, along with common conventional factors, contributed to the formation of a specific comorbidity structure. This necessitates a rational approach to identifying early predictors of cardiovascular events and central nervous system disorders, as well as pathognomonic clinical symptoms in this patient cohort. It also underscores the importance of selecting suitable methods and strategies for implementing treatment and prevention measures.

Cerium oxide as a nanozyme for plant abiotic stress tolerance: An overview of the mechanisms

Abiotic stress in plants is considered an important environmental constraint that ultimately reduces agricultural production. Nanotechnology is an advancing technology for improving plant growth and mitigating stress factors in modern agriculture. Cerium oxide, a rare lanthanide in Earth’s crust, holds significant potential in various industrial sectors. Research on engineered cerium oxide nanoparticles has been proven to play a significant role in promoting plant growth and alleviating environmental stress factors at lower dosage levels. The accumulation of cerium oxide nanoparticles benefits plants by improving morphological attributes, antioxidants, and photosynthetic parameters. Application of cerium oxide nanoparticles as nanozymes under abiotic stress conditions activates stress signaling cascades in plants to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated. However, higher dosages can lead to toxicological effects in plants. Higher accumulation of cerium oxide nanoparticles in different plant tissues is critical for reviewing their interference with the food chain and safety. This review covers the impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles on plant performance, abiotic stress tolerance, and the underlying mechanisms when interacting with plants.

Method of ISSR-marking in the study of genetic diversity of flax varieties

The genetic diversity of crop varieties should be assessed using modern molecular markers. One of the most promising and simple methods of plant genetic analysis is intermicrosatellite labeling (ISSR). The purpose of this research is to study the polymorphism of varieties of fiber flax and linseed flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, as well as local forms of fiber flax using ISSR markers. The objects for the research were 83 samples from the collection of the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, among them 24 varieties of linseed flax, 56 varieties of fiber flax of domestic and foreign breeding, and three local forms from the Central Non-Black Earth Region. Genetic analysis was carried out by PCR method using a set of 25 ISSR primers. Detection of amplification products was carried out using electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel. Based on intraspecific selection of flax varieties to oilseed and fiber forms, a cluster analysis was performed according to the results of ISSR labeling independently in each of two groups that allowed to increase the reliability of conclusions on the existing dependences. Dendrograms of the genetic similarity of the studied samples of linseed flax and fiber flax were studied independently from each other. As a result of the analysis, linseed flax varieties were divided into five clusters, which made it possible to establish dependencies related to their origin (originator of the variety) and oil content in the seed. The dendrogram which included varieties of fiber flax and its local forms, revealed twelve subclusters forming three uneven groups. Almost every group had its own characteristic feature, not related to the geography of origin. The grouping of varieties occurred mainly on the basis of their various characteristics in terms of flax fiber content, ripening time and resistance to environmental stress factors. The results of the research show the applicability of using the ISSR-markers as a valid and accessible method for developing the elements of marker-associative breeding of bast fiber crops.

Evaluation of alfalfa varieties by economically valuable characteristics in the southern foreststeppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan

The purpose of the research (2019–2022) is to identify promising alfalfa samples based on a complex of economically valuable traits that are resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental stress factors for the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The novelty of the research is that for the first time in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, new promising hybrid populations with ecological plasticity and increased yield potential were studied. Records and observations were carried out according to the VIR method. As a result of the research, promising cultivars were identified that combine high feed and seed productivity. Samples of Emerald (variegated hybrid) High-protein (variegated hybrid population), Precocious (variegated hybrid population), Tatar pasture differ in the earliest flowering. The largest excess of the green mass yield was noted by samples: From 3-8 (blue hybrid, created by individual — family selection) exceeding the standard by 37.4%; Population 25 (mixture) by 33.2%; P 85044 (blue hybrid, created by individual and family selection) by 29.3%; Population 8 (synthetic population, belongs to the yellow–variegated hybrid variety type) by 27.7%. A positive correlation was established between the seed yield, the amount of precipitation (r = 0.481) and GTC (r = 0.470). The presence of a weak negative correlation between the seed yield and the average daily temperature regime (r = -0.276) was revealed. The results of the research can be used in the selection of alfalfa in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia and is of interest to researchers-breeders of the world community.

Characterization of salt wedge intrusion process in a geographically complex microtidal deltaic estuarine system

Deltas are strategic systems of high ecological and economic importance since they provide various environmental resources and fertile alluvial soils. Different types of hydrodynamic processes occur in deltas, including saline intrusion. We implemented a three-dimensional numerical modeling system using the EFDC + Explorer Modeling System to analyze the characteristics of saline intrusion in the Sinú River delta, Colombia. We configured the model with field data from two measurement campaigns in February and November 2021, dry and wet seasons, respectively, and with secondary information. Several climatic conditions to cover a wide range of variability in the main forcing factors were simulated, specifically river discharge and tides: (1) without the influence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climatic phenomena; (2) under critically low conditions of flow discharge; and (3) with sea level rise forecasts. The model was calibrated using in-situ water velocity data and salinity profiles. We obtained Index of Agreement (d) values between 0.67 and 0.99 for salinity and higher than 0.9 for water velocity. The numerical simulation provides valuable information about this stratified salt wedge system's dynamic nature, mainly due to changes in river discharge. The simulation demonstrated that river discharges above 319 m3/s were sufficient to prevent salt wedge intrusion, which are typical values registered annually between May and November. The scenarios under critical low discharge conditions and sea level rise projections showed a maximum reach of the salt wedge intrusion of 7.40 km. The model proved efficient in evaluating the saline intrusion process in the Sinú River delta, obtaining practical results that describe the dynamics of this process. It was shown that by simulating physical processes, such as salinity stratification, numerical models provide useful information on how these estuarine systems respond to different environmental stress factors associated with current climate variability, such as long drought periods or El Niño South Oscilation (ENSO), since salinity gradients play an important role in deltas' aquatic life, since they influence the distribution of phytoplankton, which is a key player for primary productivity.

Promoting New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for research on skin color changes in response to environmental stress factors: tobacco and air pollution.

Aging is one of the most dynamic biological processes in the human body and is known to carry significant impacts on individuals' self-esteem. Skin pigmentation is a highly heritable trait made possible by complex, strictly controlled cellular and molecular mechanisms. Genetic, environmental and endocrine factors contribute to the modulation of melanin's amount, type and distribution in the skin layers. One of the hallmarks of extrinsic skin aging induced by environmental stress factors is the alteration of the constitutive pigmentation pattern clinically defined as senile lentigines and/or melasma or other pigmentary dyschromias. The complexity of pollutants and tobacco smoke as environmental stress factors warrants a thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which they impact skin pigmentation through repeated and long-term exposure. Pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated that pollutants are known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory events that lead directly or indirectly to skin hyperpigmentation. Another mechanistic direction is provided by Aryl hydrocarbon Receptors (AhR) which were shown to mediate processes leading to skin hyperpigmentation in response to pollutants by regulation of melanogenic enzymes and transcription factors involved in melanin biosynthesis pathway. In this context, we will discuss a diverse range of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) capable to provide mechanistic insights of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in the action of environmental stress factors on skin pigmentation and to support the design of raw ingredients and formulations intended to counter their impact and of any subsequently needed clinical studies.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the toxic mechanism of ammonia-enhanced Microcystis aeruginosa exposure causing liver fat deposition and muscle nutrient loss in zebrafish

Microcystis aeruginosa and ammonia pollution are two important environmental stress factors in water eutrophication. Herein, we simulated environmental conditions to investigate the effects of chronic exposure (single and combined) to M. aeruginosa and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) on lipid metabolism and muscle quality in zebrafish. Our results showed that M. aeruginosa and TAN significantly induced lipid deposition and tissue damage in the liver of zebrafish. Liver transcriptomic analysis revealed that M. aeruginosa and TAN disrupted the balance in lipid synthesis, decomposition, and transport, ultimately leading to hepatic lipid accumulation. Moreover, exposure to M. aeruginosa or TAN alone resulted in decreased crude protein content and increased lipid content in muscle, as well as disrupted muscle fatty acid composition. Metabolomic analysis of muscle revealed significant alterations in metabolites such as glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and fatty acids. The co-exposure of M. aeruginosa and TAN had a more significant effect on liver lipid dysfunction and muscle quality deterioration in zebrafish. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential risks and hazards of M. aeruginosa and TAN in eutrophic water bodies subject to Microcystis blooms, and can help inform effective strategies for monitoring and managing these toxins in aquatic ecosystems.

Rhizosphere Microorganisms with Different Strategies and Mechanisms to Enhance Plant Growth in the Occurrence of Different Environmental Stress Factors

Every minute, the world’s population grows, and in order to feed them, crop output and agricultural productivity must be improved by adding crucial microorganisms that boost plant yields in various ways through nitrogen fixation, the secretion of both plant growth regulators and 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate deaminase, as well as some antimicrobial agents. Numerous endophytic bacteria have recently been used to increase plant yields, and agricultural production in addition to reducing salt stresses. Many scientists have made an effort to clarify and comprehend the processes by which bacteria promote plant growth and production. A vital substance known as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase is produced by several bacteria, plants, and fungi to decrease ethylene levels in a plant grown under different environmental stress. The gaseous hormone ethylene (C2H4) is synthesized in plant tissues from the precursor ACC, and it has numerous biochemical roles in plants, such as cells differentiation and tissue development, seedling, root hair, leaf, and flower growth and development in addition to fruit ripening and formation of anthocyanin and volatile compounds. Thus, this critical enzyme had influential roles in plants during their positive interaction with bacteria which increase plant growth due to auxin production and protect plants against different environmental stress like drought, high salts, wilting, high level of heavy metals, contaminants with pesticides, and microbial pathogen infections. Different bacterial genera are highly ACC deaminase-producer, and these bacteria support plant growth and agricultural process. In conclusion, bacteria can replace chemicals in a variety of environmentally benign methods to boost soil fertility and plant productivity. However, much research is required to determine the efficacy of these bacteria before suggesting their use on a broad scale in the field.

Stress Factors and Their Effects on Productivity in Sheep.

Products obtained from sheep have an economically important place in the world. Their adaptability to different climatic conditions, their ease of care and feeding, their high utilization of poor pasture areas with low yield and quality, the ease of flock management, their high twinning rate, and their short intergenerational period are some of the advantages of sheep production. Sheep production has the ability to adapt better to environmental stress factors, as can be understood from the presence of sheep in different geographical regions at a global level. However, the changes in environmental conditions and production cause some negative results in animals. All these negative results expose animals to various stress factors (heat, cold, transport, treatment, nutritional, shearing, weaning, etc.). All stress factors that directly and indirectly affect sheep production ultimately lead to compromised performance, decreased productivity, increased mortality, and adverse effects on the immune system. In order to cope with the current stress parameters in animals and to achieve optimum production, a holistic approach is needed according to the environmental conditions and available resources. It is important to consider the factors involved in these responses in order to manage these processes correctly and to develop adequate strategies and improve sheep welfare. This review aimed to reveal the importance of some stress factors in sheep and their effects on sheep productivity.

Identification of Efficacy-Associated Markers to Discriminate Flos Chrysanthemum and Flos Chrysanthemi Indici Based on Fingerprint-Activity Relationship Modeling: A Combined Evaluation over Chemical Consistence and Quality Consistence.

Monitoring the quality consistency of traditional Chinese medicines, or herbal medicines (HMs), is the basis of assuring the efficacy and safety of HMs during clinical applications. The purpose of this work was to characterize the difference in hydrophilic antioxidants and related bioactivities between Flos Chrysanthemum (JH) and its wild relatives (Chrysanthemum indicum L.; YJH) based on the establishment of fingerprint-efficacy relationship modeling. The concentrations of the total phenolics and flavonoids of JH samples were shown to be generally higher than those of YJH, but the concentration distribution ranges of YJH were significantly greater compared to JH samples, possibly related to environmental stress factors leading to the concentration fluctuations of phytochemicals during the growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum cultivars. Correspondingly, the total antioxidant capabilities of JH were greatly higher than those of YJH samples, as revealed by chemical assays, including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and FRAP assays. In addition, cellular-based antioxidant activities confirmed the results of chemical assays, suggesting that the differences in antioxidant activities among the different types of Chrysanthemums were obvious. The extracts from YJH and JH samples showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and lipase-inhibitory activity, implying the modulatory effects on lipid and glucose metabolisms, which were also confirmed by an untargeted cell-based metabolomics approach. The selected common peaks by similarity analysis contributed to the discrimination of YJH and JH samples, and the modeling of the fingerprint-bioactivity relationship identified neochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and linarin as efficacy-associated chemical markers. These results have demonstrated that integrating HPLC fingerprints and the analysis of similarity indexes coupled with antioxidant activities and enzyme-inhibitory activities provides a rapid and effective approach to monitoring the quality consistency of YJH/JH samples.

Combined effects of dietary carbohydrate levels and ammonia stress on growth, antioxidant capacity and glucose metabolism in juvenile oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense).

Ammonia is a common environmental stress factor that constrains aquaculture industry development. This study evaluated the effect of carbohydrate levels and ammonia stress in oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). The experiment had six treatments containing two water ammonia levels (0 and 5 mg/L) and three dietary carbohydrate levels (low carbohydrate diet (LCD, 10%), medium carbohydrate diet [MCD, 20%], and high carbohydrate diet [HCD, 30%]), and lasted six weeks. The results showed that the prawns fed on MCD had higher weight gain than those fed on LCD and HCD during ammonia stress. Moreover, the prawns fed on MCD had significantly lower acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities during ammonia stress. Feeding the prawns on the MCD increased B cells in the hepatopancreas during ammonia stress. Interestingly, the prawns fed on MCD had significantly lower superoxide dismutase activity compared to LCD and HCD during ammonia stress. Moreover, the prawns fed on MCD had significantly lower pyruvate kinase activity and pyruvate and lactic acid contents, while those fed on LCD had significantly higher succinic dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase, and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase activities during ammonia stress. The prawns fed on the MCD increased significantly glutaminase activity and decreased the ammonia content in the serum during ammonia exposure. In addition, feeding the prawns on MCD decreased significantly the expression of apoptosis and inflammation-related genes. Taken together, the MCD supplied energy required to counteract ammonia stress, which increased growth, improved antioxidant capacity, facilitated ammonia excretion, and alleviated inflammation and apoptosis of the oriental river prawn.

Histone Deacetylase Complex 1 and histone 1 epigenetically moderate stress responsiveness of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.

Early responses of plants to environmental stress factors prevent damage but can delay growth and development in fluctuating conditions. Optimising these trade-offs requires tunability of plant responsiveness to environmental signals. We have previously reported that Histone Deacetylase Complex 1 (HDC1), which interacts with multiple proteins in histone deacetylation complexes, regulates the stress responsiveness of Arabidopsis seedlings, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive. Here, we show that HDC1 attenuates transcriptome re-programming in salt-treated seedlings, and we identify two genes (LEA and MAF5) that inhibit seedling establishment under salt stress downstream of HDC1. HDC1 attenuates their transcriptional induction by salt via a dual mechanism involving H3K9/14 deacetylation and H3K27 trimethylation. The latter, but not the former, was also abolished in a triple knockout mutant of the linker histone H1, whichpartially mimics the hypersensitivity of the hdc1-1 mutant to salt stress. Although stress-induced H3K27me3 accumulation required both H1 and HDC1, it was not fully recovered by complementing hdc1-1 with a truncated, H1-binding competent HDC1 suggesting other players or independent inputs. The combined findings reveal a dual brake function of HDC1 via regulating both active and repressive epigenetic marks on stress-inducible genes. This natural 'anti-panic' device offers a molecular leaver to tune stress responsiveness in plants.

Taifi rose extract improves the growth and physiology of cowpea seedling stage under drought stress

Drought stress is the most significant environmental stress factor affecting the growth of crops and farming sector in the present era. This study was carried out mainly in the rose water extracted from the essential oil of Taif rose (Rosa damascena “Trigintipetala”), which was explored for drought stress tolerance from industry. The aim of this study was to investigate how Taif rose water (RW) pretreatment affected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata var. California blackeye NO.46) seedlings under drought stress (65% and 35% of filed capacity). The cowpea seeds are immersed in rose water with 15%, 25% and 35% for a couple of hours before being implanted. Drought stress dramatically reduces morphological traits of root and shoot length, fresh and dry biomass and leaf area. However, pretreatment of RW seed dramatically improves cowpea growth conditions, relative water content, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate. However, under drought stress, RW pretreated seedlings showed a decreased levels in malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, total soluble proteins and carbohydrates. However, drought stress increases the quality of antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase and catalase in pretreated RW cowpea seedlings. This study concludes that pretreating with RW could increase the drought tolerance in cowpea seedlings by stretching their antioxidant defense mechanisms. In addition, this study holds the potential to play a vital role in ensuring food security in the near future, as it provides valuable insights into improving crop resilience and productivity under drought conditions.

Analysis of modern technologies for growing cherry varieties in temperate climates

The research relevance is predefined by the need to optimise fruit crop cultivation systems considering weather conditions. The research aims to test the grafting technology of intensive sweet cherry plantations on small and medium-sized rootstocks. The leading method in achieving the research goal was a field experiment. The main results of this study are as follows: the leading technologies for increasing the yield of sweet cherry varieties depending on the impact of environmental stress factors are presented; the use of clone rootstock technology in sweet cherry plantations in temperate climates is substantiated. According to a set of indicators of productivity formation, the yield of plantations of different designs was predicted. Namely, the scheme of variety-rootstock combinations of intercalary placement, its length, and parameters of the growth complex for plants were revealed; indicators of physiological activity, growth, productivity, fruit quality, and economic efficiency in intensive sweet cherry plantations were determined. It has been established that the application of this technology will increase yields and improve the quality parameters of sweet cherry fruits by developing varieties with compact crowns, which will allow to compact the plantations. It has been analysed that climatic conditions are the main factor in the process of harvest formation. A list of stress factors of temperate climate that affect the yield of sweet cherries has been identified. It is proved that the introduction of clonal rootstock technology is the most effective for growing intensive plantations of sweet cherries in a temperate climate. Practically, the research aims to determine and test a set of elements of physiological indicators of the potential yield of sweet cherry plantations of different designs, to introduce them into production and use them in further breeding

Perceived Parental Support and Psychological Control, DNA Methylation, and Loneliness: Longitudinal Associations Across Early Adolescence.

A broad range of factors have been associated with the development of adolescent loneliness. In the family context, a lack of parental support and high levels of parental psychological control have systematically been linked to loneliness. On the biological level, DNA methylation (which is an epigenetic process that suppresses gene expression) is believed to play a role in the development of loneliness. Specifically, high levels of DNA methylation in genes that play an important role in the functioning of the human stress response system are believed to elevate the risk of loneliness. Moreover, DNA methylation levels in these stress-related genes can be influenced by stressful environmental factors, suggesting a potential mediating role of DNA methylation in the association between parenting behaviors and loneliness. The current 3-year longitudinal study is the first study to examine the potential bidirectional longitudinal associations between loneliness, DNA methylation in stress-related genes, and both perceived parental support and psychological control. Furthermore, we explored the potential mediating role of DNA methylation in stress-related genes in the associations between perceived parenting and loneliness. The sample comprised 622 early adolescents (55% girls, Mage T1 = 10.77 years, SDage T1 = 0.48) who were followed from Grade 5 to 7. Parental support, psychological control, and loneliness were assessed annually by adolescent self-report questionnaires and DNA methylation was determined from saliva samples. Cross-Lagged Panel Models (CLPM) revealed that higher levels of loneliness predicted lower perceived parental support and higher perceived psychological control over time, as well as higher DNA methylation in some stress-related genes, that is, the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, higher NR3C1 methylation was predictive of lower perceived parental support and higher psychological control over time. No evidence was found for a mediating role of DNA methylation. Overall, our longitudinal findings challenge the current focus on DNA methylation and parenting behaviors as risk factors for adolescent loneliness. Instead, they suggest that the less considered direction of effects, which implies that loneliness predicts DNA methylation and aspects of parenting such as support and psychological control, should receive greater attention in future research.

Extraction and quantification of melatonin in cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detector (UFLC-FD)

AbstractWild edible plants (WEPs) can be widely found in the world and defined as native species that grow naturally in their natural habitat. They have become part of the traditional food as human diet and used in folk medicine to treat diseases. They are very rich in terms of nutraceuticals. Melatonin is a natural hormone providing several benefits for human health. It has functions such as regulating growth and development and increasing tolerance to environmental stress factors in plants. It is stated that the serum melatonin level in humans increases after intake of foods containing melatonin. This study examined the presence of melatonin in wild grown cornelian cherry fruits by UFLC-FD and determined suitable extraction and chromatographic conditions. The optimum mobile phase, excitation/emission wavelength, and extraction solvent were determined as methanol: water: acetic acid, 275/345 nm, and methanol: water: HCl, respectively. Melatonin content in fruits ranged from 130.82 to 201.84 ng g−1 in fresh fruit.

Endothelial Senescence and Its Impact on Angiogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease.

Endothelial cells are constantly exposed to environmental stress factors that, above a certain threshold, trigger cellular senescence and apoptosis. The altered vascular function affects new vessel formation and endothelial fitness, contributing to the progression of age-related diseases. This narrative review highlights the complex interplay between senescence, oxidative stress, extracellular vesicles, and the extracellular matrix and emphasizes the crucial role of angiogenesis in aging and Alzheimer's disease. The interaction between the vascular and nervous systems is essential for the development of a healthy brain, especially since neurons are exceptionally dependent on nutrients carried by the blood. Therefore, anomalies in the delicate balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors and the consequences of disrupted angiogenesis, such as misalignment, vascular leakage and disturbed blood flow, are responsible for neurodegeneration. The implications of altered non-productive angiogenesis in Alzheimer's disease due to dysregulated Delta-Notch and VEGF signaling are further explored. Additionally, potential therapeutic strategies such as exercise and caloric restriction to modulate angiogenesis and vascular aging and to mitigate the associated debilitating symptoms are discussed. Moreover, both the roles of extracellular vesicles in stress-induced senescence and as an early detection marker for Alzheimer's disease are considered. The intricate relationship between endothelial senescence and angiogenesis provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis-related disorders and opens avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions.

Periodontal regeneration risk assessment in the treatment of intrabony defects.

Regenerative approaches performed in periodontics seems to be efficient in treating intrabony defects. There are, however, many factors that may affect the predictability of the regenerative procedures. The present article aimed to propose a new risk assessment tool for treating periodontal intrabony defects by regenerative therapy. Different variables that could affect the success of a regenerative procedure were considered based on their impact on (i) the wound healing potential, promoting wound stability, cells, and angiogenesis, or (ii) the ability to clean the root surface and maintain an optimal plaque control or (iii) aesthetics (risk for gingival recession). The risk assessment variables were divided into a patient, tooth, defect, and operator level. Patient-related factors included medical conditions such as diabetes, smoking habit, plaque control, compliance with supportive care, and expectations. Tooth-related factors included prognosis, traumatic occlusal forces or mobility, endodontic status, root surface topography, soft tissue anatomy, and gingival phenotype. Defect-associated factors included local anatomy (number of residual bone walls, width, and depth), furcation involvement, cleansability, and number of sides of the root involved. Operator-related factors should not be neglected and included the clinician's level of experience, the presence of environmental stress factors, and the use of checklists in the daily routine. Using a risk assessment comprised of patient-, tooth-, defect- and operator-level factors can aid the clinician in identifying challenging characteristics and in the treatment decision process.

Evolutionary analysis of the adaptive potential and productivity of winter wheat varieties in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation

The article considers long-term studies (2013-2022), the purpose of which is to carry out an evolutionary assessment of the parameters of adaptability and productivity of winter soft wheat varieties created over the last twenty years that have undergone a variety change in the conditions of the Ryazan region and determine the vector of their selection change according to these parameters. As an object of research, 11 varieties related to the last stages of breeding work were used. It was revealed that modern varieties are superior in yield to varieties of earlier selection, regardless of external environmental conditions, and have the highest adaptability in the conditions of the region. Varieties released in the period 2013-2023 and being varieties of the modern generation (VI period), have an excess yield of 14.3% (0.8 t/ha), in comparison with the varieties of the previous selection of 2000-2011. (V period). Intervarietal yield variation reaches 15.7-16.5%, making a difference of 0.85-0.96 t/ha in favor of modern varieties. The limit of the minimum (by 21.3%) and maximum (by 10.7%) yields is higher for new varieties. According to the obtained maximum yield (more than 9.50 t/ha), varieties Galateya and Boyarka stood out. Varieties of the modern generation have a significant advantage: in realizing the yield potential (by 16.8%) and its smaller variation (by 1.7%) over the years of research; in terms of adaptability to the region of cultivation and manifested environmental stress factors, manifested in an increase in the index of variety stability (IS = 2.3), an indicator of the level of variety stability (VSS = 147.9%), adaptability coefficient (C.A.> 1.0) and evenness coefficient (B=71.2%). Winter wheat varieties of the new generation Viola, Danae, Felicia, Galateya, Anfisa, Boyarka and Ivita are presented as more productive and adaptive to the conditions of the region.

Reactive oxygen species linked diabetes mellitus management by natural products: A Pre-clinical study in rat

The environment has a great impact on health maintenance. Environmental stress factors generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) inour bodies. As a result, pro-oxidant status of our body is dominated over the antioxidant status that induces health disorders. Diabetesmellitus (DM), a common metabolic cum lifestyle disease, is now considered as X syndrome. Environmental stressors through ROSgeneration can impose point mutation for the production of mutant enzymes, leading to cellular metabolic disorders, especiallycarbohydrate metabolism, an important cause of diabetes. Moreover, free radicals through cellular signaling system down-regulategene expression of antioxidant enzymes that produce high levels of cellular free radicals in metabolic organs, which may lead to DM.Natural products with strong antioxidant activities have a major role in managing diabetes. Nutraceuticals in E. jumbulana, Camelliasinensis, H. antidysenterica majorly contribute to such management by increasing gene expression of antioxidant enzymes andcarbohydrate metabolic enzymes that favor glucose utilization in cell. It has also been established that such nutraceuticals can generate β cells from hepatic stem cells, so plasma insulin and c-peptide levels are elevated. Insulin receptor gene expression is also corrected by such nutraceuticals in diabetic model animals. The efficacy of such nutraceuticals is comparable with antidiabetic gold standard drugs. Such studies have been confirmed by genomics and proteomics studies using real-time PCR followed by western blotting studies. This field of research unfolds a new domain known as ‘Neutrogenomics’ in health science.It is concluded that natural products may be the parallel management process of modern therapy as per the guideline of WHO.