Environmental Shifts Research Articles

Characterising intertidal sediment temperature gradients in estuarine systems

Coastal marine ecosystems are under increasing threat from environmental shifts associated with climate change, particularly increasing temperatures, as temperature influences the physiology, distribution, and abundance of marine organisms. Sediment temperatures on soft sediment intertidal flats are highly variable in space and time due to intermittent exposure to air and seawater. Surface sediment layers may have greater temperature variation relative to deeper layers, and local physical and biological characteristics as well as oceanic and atmospheric temperature conditions are expected to influence the temperatures experienced by sediment dwelling fauna. However, there is little reporting of the dynamics of sediment temperatures in these ecosystems and the local conditions that drive them. We focused on measuring estuarine intertidal sediment temperatures to describe the conditions that resident intertidal macroinvertebrates, including infauna, are being exposed to. Monitoring of sediment temperatures in intertidal ecosystems during summer revealed that sandy intertidal flats had greater temperature fluctuations than muddy intertidal flats. Local weather conditions were important drivers of both low and high tide sediment temperatures, and satellite derived sea surface temperature (SST) data for the study area were sparse and poorly matched sediment temperatures, revealing limitations of satellite SST for predicting site-specific intertidal sediment temperatures in nearshore areas. This study demonstrates the need for long term monitoring of intertidal sediment temperatures across large spatial scales and environmental gradients to understand and predict the potential impacts of climate change.

Climate and Land‐Use Change Leading to Niche Expansion and Shifts in Birds

ABSTRACTAimThe realised niches of species change following environmental and distributional shifts. Still, the magnitude of niche change and its consequences are determined by how different species cope with environmental changes, which ultimately depends on their ecology and traits. We assessed how environmental and distributional shifts have led to changes in the realised breeding niches of 121 species of North American birds over the last four decades and how the magnitude of niche change was associated with species traits.LocationNorth America.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe calculated geographic and niche overlap, breadth and shift, and estimated the temporal trends of the different niche metrics from 1980 to 2018 for each species. The slopes of these temporal trends were then modelled as a function of species traits using Bayesian models that accounted for phylogenetic relatedness and the uncertainty of the temporal slopes.ResultsWe found that the niche of 57% of the bird species diverged through time as they experienced widespread environmental change, including changes in both niche breadth and position. Most niches expanded due to increasing environmental variability within their ranges, but habitat specialists showed a tendency for niche contraction. Niche shifts were larger in species that live in habitats with denser vegetation cover. However, species showing larger average geographical shifts were able to track their reference niche more effectively.Main ConclusionsBird species were in general increasingly exposed to higher environmental variation that led to changes in their realised niches over a relatively short time span (four decades), while the niches of many others remained stable. The differences in the magnitude of niche change were to some extent related to species traits, providing clues about how different species respond to widespread environmental change in both geographical and niche space.

Climate Change and Veterinary Medicine: A Call to Action for a Healthier Planet

Abstract Climate change is rapidly transforming ecosystems and reshaping the landscapes of animal health, with profound consequences for public health, food security, and biodiversity. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and increased frequency of natural disasters are driving the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. These environmental shifts endanger the health and welfare of animals and the delicate balance between human populations, livestock, and wildlife. As the stewards of animal health, veterinarians are uniquely positioned to lead the change in addressing these complex challenges at the nexus of human, animal, and environmental health and well-being. This article calls for urgent actions to integrate climate adaptation and mitigation strategies into veterinary practice and education. It underscores the critical need for veterinarians to embrace the One Health approach to tackle climate-driven disease outbreaks and the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance to safeguard human and animal populations while protecting natural ecosystems. The article further explores the role of veterinarians in fostering sustainable agricultural practices, reducing the environmental impact of livestock production, conserving biodiversity and advocating for policy reforms that protect both animal and planetary health. As we face an era of unprecedented climate disruption, this call to action aims to inspire the global veterinary community to actively get involved in combating climate change and its worst impacts. By building climate-resilient practices, enhancing disease surveillance, and championing environmental stewardship, veterinarians can contribute significantly to a healthier, more sustainable future for all species on Earth.

Emotive architecture: Design strategies for urbanization and rural revitalization in China

Taking a specific lens on China’s unique and intricate interplay between urbanization and rural revitalization, this article traces these dynamics back to the nation’s social-cultural fabric. It contextualizes the coexistence of urban and rural identities within the broader Chinese cultural tapestry, underscoring their shared heritage within a collective consciousness shaped by an agrarian legacy. This culminates in the philosophical concept of “Oneness of Heaven and Humanity,” the apex of Chinese cultural aspirations, deeply rooted in the relationship between humans and the land, and calibrated by a state of harmony. Emotion is not merely a tool for achieving this ideal but also a phenomenon shaped by it. Through a comparative analysis of two architectural projects – one urban and one rural – this study examines the practical application and influence of emotive architecture. This approach, sensitive to emotional undercurrents, employs precision akin to acupuncture in diagnosing and addressing regional challenges. It accentuates the meticulous interpretation of emotional resonance, a sensory comprehension of place, and the harmonious fusion of digital craftsmanship with local construction techniques. By positioning architecture as the interface between individuals and their broader environment, the study reveals how emotion-centric design can evoke profound emotional responses, foster community engagement, nurture a collective sense of belonging, and contribute to the economic and cultural vibrancy of specific locales. Particularly pertinent amid the significant sociocultural and environmental shifts in both urban and rural China, this research advocates for a reevaluation of architectural practices that prioritize understanding and addressing the emotional dimensions of space. It offers a strategic framework for navigating the complexities of modern development in China.

The Impact of Climate Change on Flowering Patterns and Productivity in Floriculture: A Comprehensive Review

The floriculture industry, a vital component of global horticulture, is increasingly threatened by climate change, which disrupts flowering patterns, reduces productivity, and alters the market value of ornamental crops. This review synthesizes current research on how climatic factors-such as temperature fluctuations, altered precipitation, elevated atmospheric CO₂, and extreme weather events-affect key aspects of floricultural crop growth and phenology. Rising temperatures accelerate flowering in many species but can also lead to heat stress, floral bud abortion, and reduced flower quality in sensitive crops like roses (Rosa hybrida) and snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus). Similarly, changes in precipitation patterns, including drought and waterlogging, further complicate floral development by impairing water and nutrient uptake. Elevated CO₂ generally promotes biomass accumulation and water-use efficiency but may not necessarily translate into improved floral yield or quality. To address these challenges, the adoption of adaptive strategies such as breeding climate-resilient varieties, implementing optimized agronomic practices, and utilizing controlled environment agriculture is critical. Future research must focus on species-specific and long-term studies to identify the differential impacts of climate change on diverse floricultural species. Moreover, multi-stressor impact assessments and exploration of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation are needed to develop cultivars capable of maintaining high performance under complex environmental conditions. Integrating climate models and decision support systems will further enable precise forecasting and strategic planning, supporting growers in mitigating climate-related risks. By advancing understanding in these areas, the floriculture industry can better adapt to changing climates and maintain economic sustainability, ensuring the continued success of this important sector amidst global environmental shifts.

Vulnerability to Achievement Stressors: More Evidence That Students With Learning Disabilities Require Intensive Intervention.

In this article, we introduce the term vulnerability to achievement stressors, which refers to differentially low achievement when shifts in the educational environment "stress" or threaten the capacity of an individual or a group of individuals to make academic progress. We also introduce a methodological framework for assessing vulnerability to achievement stressors. Vulnerability to achievement stressors in students with learning disabilities (LD), relative to students without disabilities, is illustrated with two achievement stressors: (a) the shift in learning standards codified in Common Core State Standards, specifically the increase in complexity of the fourth-grade fractions curriculum, and (b) the COVID-19 pandemic, which decreased instructional structure by disrupting in-person teaching. Because these illustrations were embedded within randomized controlled trials, each with an inclusive instruction condition and an intensive intervention condition, they also provide the basis for concluding that intensive intervention is more effective than inclusive instruction for addressing students with LD's vulnerability to achievement stressors and for narrowing their persistently severe achievement gaps.

Leaving a Legacy: Shifting Media Use and American Democratic Attitudes

AbstractLocal political news is losing consumers over the past decade at a faster rate than other political media, while online news consumption is growing. Previous research shows that local news can slow polarization, encourage political participation, and reduce government and business corruption, but not whether changes over time can affect political attitudes. Is this consequential shift in the media environment associated with changes in Americans’ perceptions of electoral integrity and their system of government? We use a three-wave panel survey from 2012 to 2014 to assess the relationship between changes in self-reported news diets and opinions about American elections and democracy. Switching out of local newspapers is associated with a significant decrease in faith in elections but does not appear to influence support for the broader U.S. system of government. We conclude by discussing the implications of declining local and legacy media news use for Americans’ attitudes toward U.S. elections and democracy in the aftermath of the 2020 elections.

The Landscape as a Pillar of the Metropolis of Tomorrow: Sustainable Strategies for Better Integration in Annaba, Algeria

Objectives: This study aims to address the urban and landscape challenges faced by Annaba, a city in Algeria, due to environmental degradation resulting from rapid urbanisation and rural-to-urban migration. Once celebrated for its natural beauty, Annaba now seeks to restore its appeal and improve the quality of life for its residents. The objective is to demonstrate how integrating the landscape into urban planning can play a crucial role in sustainable development, preserving the city's unique identity, and enhancing its social, ecological, and aesthetic environment. Methods: Our approach involves a thorough analysis of Annaba’s landscape characteristics and biodiversity, exploring strategies for reintegration into urban planning frameworks. We focus on the coastal landscape as a primary asset in planning recommendations. This study reviews existing literature on sustainable urban planning, biodiversity conservation, and landscape integration in cities experiencing similar environmental and demographic shifts. Results: The findings suggest that integrating landscape elements into urban planning in Annaba would significantly enhance its ecological and aesthetic appeal. A sustainable development approach that prioritises the landscape can help to combat environmental degradation, improve the quality of urban life, and strengthen the city’s identity. Specific recommendations emphasize preserving coastal and natural features to support biodiversity and attract residents and tourists alike. Conclusion: Reintegrating landscape considerations into Annaba’s urban development strategy is essential for addressing present and future challenges. This approach would not only protect the city's natural assets but also promote a sustainable and appealing urban environment. By focusing on the landscape as a foundation of urban planning, Annaba can redefine its developmental path, offering a model of sustainable growth for other Mediterranean cities facing similar issues.

Eocene Shark Teeth From Peninsular Antarctica: Windows to Habitat Use and Paleoceanography

AbstractEocene climate cooling, driven by the falling pCO2 and tectonic changes in the Southern Ocean, impacted marine ecosystems. Sharks in high‐latitude oceans, sensitive to these changes, offer insights into both environmental shifts and biological responses, yet few paleoecological studies exist. The Middle‐to‐Late Eocene units on Seymour Island, Antarctica, provide a rich, diverse fossil record, including sharks. We analyzed the oxygen isotope composition of phosphate from shark tooth bioapatite (δ18Op) and compared our results to co‐occurring bivalves and predictions from an isotope‐enabled global climate model to investigate habitat use and environmental conditions. Bulk δ18Op values (mean 22.0 ± 1.3‰) show no significant changes through the Eocene. Furthermore, the variation in bulk δ18Op values often exceeds that in simulated seasonal and regional values. Pelagic and benthic sharks exhibit similar δ18Op values across units but are offset relative to bivalve and modeled values. Some taxa suggest movements into warmer or more brackish waters (e.g., Striatolamia, Carcharias) or deeper, colder waters (e.g., Pristiophorus). Taxa like Raja and Squalus display no shift, tracking local conditions in Seymour Island. The lack of difference in δ18Op values between pelagic and benthic sharks in the Late Eocene could suggest a poorly stratified water column, inconsistent with a fully opened Drake Passage. Our findings demonstrate that shark tooth bioapatite tracks the preferred habitat conditions for individual taxa rather than recording environmental conditions where they are found. A lack of secular variation in δ18Op values says more about species ecology than the absence of regional or global environmental changes.

Nipah Virus Outbreaks in Kerala: An Impending Doom?

The resurgence of Nipah virus (NiV) in Kerala, India, represents a significant public health challenge. This paper aims to explore ongoing challenges associated with NiV transmission, focusing on environmental factors, healthcare responses, and shifts in clinical manifestations. We also highlight the critical need for proactive management strategies to prevent future outbreaks, given the virus's zoonotic nature and evolving transmission dynamics. A search was conducted using keywords such as "Nipah virus," "Kerala," and "bats" in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and trusted news sources. Articles and reports were selected based on their relevance to NiV transmission, clinical presentation, and containment efforts, particularly concerning recent outbreaks in Kerala. Recent outbreaks have shown atypical respiratory presentations, complicating early detection and increasing the importance of healthcare containment. The virus's clustering within specific regions and the emergence of a new genotype underscore the need for enhanced surveillance. The frequent NIV outbreaks in Kerala demand a multifaceted approach to prevention. Early detection systems, public awareness campaigns, and rigorous environmental management are essential. Collaborative efforts between government and public health entities are paramount to mitigate the impact of this deadly virus. Continuous research is imperative to safeguard public health.

Microplastics and their interaction with microorganisms in Bosten Lake water

Microplastic pollution in inland freshwater lakes, formed from melting ice, atmospheric precipitation, and groundwater, remains under-researched. This study examines microplastic (MPS) presence and distribution in Bosten Lake and their interaction with microorganisms. We employed a Confocal Raman spectrometer to identify MPS types and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial diversity and composition. In May, the lake's average microplastic concentration was 108.20 particles per liter (PCS/L), decreasing to 21.67 PCS/L by October. Transparent and yellow fibrous microplastics, predominantly 0.2–0.5 mm in size, were most common. Key microplastics in May included PEEK (27%), PMMA (25%), and PET (9%), while October saw a prevalence of PET (35%), PS (13%), and PA (9%). Higher microplastic concentrations correlated with reduced microbial diversity. In May, the high microplastic concentration group (MH) showed increased Planctomycetota, while in October, Patescibacteria and Bacteroidota rose significantly in the high plastic group (OH), known for microplastic degradation. MH also had a higher abundance of Cryptomycota compared to OH. Functional analysis indicated that MH had more genes related to bisphenol, benzene, and chlorine compounds, whereas OH had genes linked to methane, nitrogen, and organic matter degradation. Microplastic concentrations peaked near the lake inlet and tourist areas, affecting microbial quantity, diversity, structure, and function. This research enhances our understanding of MPS distribution and environmental microbial shifts in similar settings, providing essential data for environmental management strategies at Bosten Lake.

Growth and acclimation dynamics in reintroduced Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.M.Jørg., a critically endangered cyanolichen in boreal rainforest

This study focuses on the critically endangered Erioderma pedicellatum, a sexually reproducing cyanolichen. The species’ decline is primarily attributed to habitat loss and extinction debts. The aim is to understand the possibilities of reintroduction via transplantation on Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. and gain insights into the species' growth response to environmental gradients in its boreal rainforest habitat. The source population of E. pedicellatum found on open, sun-exposed spruce branches within a waterfall spray zone, underwent a significant environmental shift when transplanted to the rainforest. The shift induced shade acclimation, which was marked by an increased maximal photosystem II efficiency (FV/FM), reduced thallus thickness and reduced apparent electron transport rate (ETRapp). However, stochastic fragmentation impacted 57 % of thalli, causing significant losses, particularly in sections with numerous apothecia, suggesting a trade-off between growth and reproduction. Unfragmented thalli with positive relative growth rate (RGR) exhibited increased growth correlated with base cation availability (high soil and bark pH) and light availability. Thalli that were already shade-adapted at the start (low ETRapp at high light) displayed the fastest growth in the rainforest. The best subset regression model of unfragmented thalli accounted for 72.8 % of the variation in RGR. The reintroduction of E. pedicellatum into the boreal rainforest is possible, but challenging, given that well-lit spruce branches with high base cation availability in humid canopy layers are rare.

Diversified subsistence patterns and their influencing factors revealed by ancestral paleodiet during the first millenium BC in Northwest Yunnan, China

The in-depth research into how prehistoric human subsistence patterns responded to environmental shifts during the transcontinental spread of crops, livestock, and cultural interactions between the second and first millenium BC is a pivotal scientific endeavor that has aroused widespread attention. Northwest Yunnan, as a vital corridor for human migration, facilitated ancient human dispersals and fostered cultural exchanges. Analyzing prehistoric subsistence patterns in Yunnan, particularly in Northwest Yunnan, is crucial for understanding the dynamics and repercussions of agricultural expansion in Eurasia during prehistory. This study examined stable isotopes extracted from human bone and plant microfossils extracted from dental calculus samples collected from two sites in Northwest Yunnan. The comprehensive analysis revealed that the inhabitants of Northwest Yunnan during the first millenium BC primarily consumed C3 plants (including rice, wheat, barley, buckwheat, legumes, roots and tubers, etcetera), with C4 plants as supplements (such as millets), alongside a high intake of animal protein. With the integration of existing archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data from neighboring sites, what emerges is a composite subsistence strategy developed by the ancestors in Northwest Yunnan during the first millenium BC, characterized by coexisting practices of planting-gathering and animal husbandry-fishing/hunting. These diversified subsistence patterns were shaped by the cultural influences from Northwest China and the local natural environment, indicating an adaptation to geographical constraints and a strategic response to climatic fluctuations during periods of low productivity.

Biomass prediction of sea lamprey population based on dynamic feature matrix composite differential equation system

This article presents a mathematical model to predict sea lamprey biomass, addressing the species' impact on the Great Lakes fishery. The model, comprising a Dynamic Age Pyramid and a Multi-species Lotka-Volterra system, captures the complex life stages and behaviors of sea lampreys. It simulates their diet, habits, and growth parameters across different ages, considering their adaptive sex ratio variation. Key findings include the model's ability to dynamically update sea lamprey population characteristics annually in response to environmental changes. Simulations show that populations with dynamic sex ratios reach equilibrium faster, with an increasing female proportion over time in resource-rich environments. However, these populations exhibit less resilience to rapid environmental shifts compared to those with stable sex ratios. The study concludes that the model offers a valuable tool for understanding complex organism-environment interactions and enhances traditional ecological models by providing a dynamic, biologically meaningful population feature matrix. This innovation aids in managing invasive species like sea lampreys without harming native ecosystems.

Ichnoguild analysis of the Bajocian-Bathonian Yellow Flagstone Member (Goradongar Formation) from the Kachchh Basin, Western India

The Yellow Flagstone is the oldest member of the Goradongar Formation exposed in the Pachchham Island, Kachchh Basin. The members exposed in four sections are mapped for trace fossils, and 17 ichnofossils have been documented. The concept of ichnoguild (IG) is applied to reveal the infaunal tiering structure and the strategies organisms adapt to exploit the resources. Ten IG of similar characteristics and ecological functions have been identified. Five are shallow-tier IGs ( Asterosoma IG, Gyrochorte IG, Nereites IG, Planolites IG and Bolonia IG), three middle-tier IGs ( Rhizocorallium IG, Arenicolites-Diplocraterion IG and Zoophycos-Teichichnus IG) and two deep-tier IGs ( Skolithos Arenicolites IG and Thalassinoides-Ophiomorpha IG). The analysis of three ichnological tiers and their IGs, namely shallow, middle and deep-tiers across the stratigraphy of Yellow Flagstone Member suggests a transition from a lower shoreface environment to offshore transition environments. The transition is supported by an increase in deep-tier IG and the marginal increase in the ichnodiversity and density. Changes in the composition and abundance of IGs over time can indicate shifts in sedimentation patterns, sea level fluctuations and paleoenvironmental conditions within the basin. Thus, the findings suggest an environmental shift from shoreface to offshore transition indicative of a transgression during the deposition of upper Bajocian to lower Bathonian Yellow Flagstone Member in the Kachchh Basin. The study also examines the temporal and spatial changes in the IGs, contributing to a better understanding of ecological changes within the basin. The findings contribute to the broader knowledge of paleoecology and provide valuable data for sedimentological and stratigraphic interpretations in sedimentary basins.

Effects of maize residue and biochar applications on soil δ13C and organic carbon sources in a subtropical paddy rice ecosystem

AbstractThis study investigates the utility of plant δ¹3C natural labeling in predicting the impacts of environmental shifts on carbon cycling within ecosystems, particularly focusing on paddy fields treated with maize (Zea mays L.) residues and biochar. Specifically, it examines how soil δ¹3C and the sources of soil organic carbon (SOC), respond in paddy fields (which cultivate C3 plants like rice) when amended with maize residues, maize biochar, and silica‐enriched biochar (derived from C4 plants). Conducted in the Fuzhou paddy fields, the experiment included control groups and treatment groups with maize residue (4 t ha⁻¹), maize biochar (4 t ha⁻¹), and silicon‐modified maize biochar (4 t ha⁻¹) during both the early and late rice growth periods. The results indicate that all soil treatments increased soil δ¹3C. The application of maize residues notably affected the δ¹3C of the upper soil profile (0–15 cm) differently from the deeper layers (15–30 cm), and it increased soil organic C more than biochar or silicon‐modified maize biochar. Soil available P (AP) and pH emerged as significant factors linking δ¹3C, influencing rice yield through changes in soil physicochemical properties. Unlike maize residues, which reduced rice yields, applications of biochar and silicon‐modified maize biochar increased rice yields. The latter, which was particularly effective in lowering SOC decomposition rates and addressing rice's silica needs, emerged as the preferred option. The study highlights maize biochar and silicon‐modified maize biochar as sustainable alternatives to maize residues for rice cultivation, enhancing soil fertility, carbon pool stability, and yields.

Molecular Detection of Anaplasma marginale in Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Corrientes, Argentina.

Monitoring wildlife health is essential for understanding global disease patterns, particularly as vector-borne infections extend the geographic ranges and thereby hosts due to environmental shifts. Anaplasma marginale, primarily impacting cattle, has economic implications and has been found in diverse hosts, yet its presence in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), influential in tick-borne pathogen spread, lacks comprehensive understanding. From 2015 to 2022, 14 capybaras were surveyed across two different areas of northeastern Argentina. In 1 of 14 (7%) capybaras, the presence of A. marginale was confirmed through the amplification of specific genes, msp5 and msp1β. In addition, A. marginale DNA was detected in the capybara's blood sample through quantitative PCR, with a cycle threshold value of 30.81 (800 copies per reaction). Amplification of a fragment of the msp1α gene revealed PCR products of three different sizes, suggesting the presence of at least three coinfecting A. marginale variants in the capybara host. This study suggests that capybaras are wild hosts for A. marginale in the Ibera Wetlands in Argentina, potentially influencing the infection dynamics of both domestic and wild species. This finding highlights the necessity for thorough studies on the role of capybaras in disease dynamics, crucial for understanding wildlife health and the spread of disease.

Oceanographic monitoring in Hornsund fjord, Svalbard

Abstract. Several climate-driven processes take place in the Arctic fjords. These include ice–ocean interactions, biodiversity and ocean circulation pattern changes, and coastal erosion phenomena. Conducting long-term oceanographic monitoring in the Arctic fjords is, therefore, essential for better understanding and predicting global environmental shifts. Here we address this issue by introducing a new hydrographic dataset from Hornsund, a fjord located in the southwestern part of the Svalbard archipelago. Hydrographic properties have been monitored with vertical temperature, salinity and depth profiles in several locations across the Hornsund fjord from 2015 to 2023. From 2016 onward, dissolved oxygen and turbidity data are available for the majority of casts. The dataset contributes to the so far infrequent observations, especially in spring and autumn, and extends the observations, typically concentrated in the central fjord, to the areas adjacent to the tidewater glaciers. Because sediment discharge from glaciers and land is an inseparable part of the glacier–ocean interactions, the suspended sediment concentration in the water column and the daily sedimentation rate adjacent to the tidewater glaciers are monitored with regular water sampling and bottom-moored sediment traps. Here we present the planning and execution of the monitoring campaign from the collection of the data to the postprocessing methods. All datasets are publicly available in the repositories referred to in the “Data availability” section of this paper.

The Impact of Your Leadership in Human Resource Management: An Exploratory Study on the Oil Marketing Company

The importance of the marketing function at board level is often underestimated and its role in driving change in HR is often undervalued. This research examines how marketing can partner with organizational leadership for a mutually beneficial exchange of marketing skills and capabilities to be able to realign human resources quickly enough to deal with shifts in the external business environment and create a sustainable future for the business. The current research explores the concept of “marketing leadership” from an interpretive perspective that challenges the traditional view of marketing and leadership as two separate domains and offers a comprehensive approach to human resource management. The descriptive survey method was used for this research, and the research population was the oil marketing company. The current research assumed that marketing leadership affects human resources management. The research concluded that marketing leadership greatly affects human resources management and its dimensions, with an average effect of (0.52). This indicates a high and significant impact of marketing leadership on human resources management.

Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Reveals Low Methylation Variability in Moyamoya Disease.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic cerebrovascular disorder that can lead to stroke and neurological dysfunctions. Given the largely sporadic nature and the role of gene-environment interactions in various diseases, we examined epigenetic modifications in MMD. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation using Illumina 850K Methylation EPIC BeadChip, in two racially distinct adult female cohorts: a non-Asian cohort (13 MMD patients and 7 healthy controls) and an Asian cohort (14 MMD patients and 3 healthy controls). An additional external cohort with both sexes (females: 5 MMD patients and 5 healthy controls, males: 5 MMD patients and 5 healthy controls) was included for validation. Our findings revealed strikingly low DNA methylation variability between MMD patients and healthy controls, in both MMD female cohorts. In the non-Asian cohort, only 6 probes showed increased variability versus 647 probes that showed decreased variability. Similarly, in the Asian cohort, the MMD group also displayed a reduced methylation variability across all 2845 probes. Subsequent analysis showed that these differentially variable probes are located on genes involved in key biological processes such as methylation and transcription, DNA repair, cytoskeletal remodeling, natural killer cell signaling, cellular growth, and migration. These findings mark the first observation of low methylation variability in any disease, contrasting with the high variability observed in other disorders. This reduced methylation variability in MMD may hinder patients' adaptability to environmental shifts, such as hemodynamic stress, thereby influencing vascular homeostasis and contributing to MMD pathology. These findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of MMD and potential treatment strategies.